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Biographical Memoirs:
Volume 74
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
WASHINGTON, D.C.
1998
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The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by Act of Congress as a private, nonprofit, self-governing membership corporation for the furtherance of science and technology, required to advise the federal government upon request within its fields of competence. Under its corporate charter the Academy established the National Research Council in 1916, the National Academy of Engineering in 1964, and the Institute of Medicine in 1970.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER 0-309-06086-9
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBER 0077-2933
LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER 5-26629
Available from
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
2101 CONSTITUTION AVENUE, N.W. WASHINGTON, D.C. 20418
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
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Contents
Preface
vii
Albert Francis Birch
By Thomas J. Ahrens
3
Gregory Breit
By Mcallister Hull
27
Warren Lee Butler
By Andrew A. Benson
59
George Brownlee Craig, Jr.
By Eddie W. Cupp
77
Scott Ellsworth Forbush
By James A. Van Allen
93
Ross Gunn
By Philip H. Abelson
111
David Harker
By Herbert A. Hauptman
127
Yandell Henderson
By John B. West
145
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James Lynn Hoard
By Robert E. Hughes
161
Joseph Kaplan
By William W. Kellogg And Charles A. Barth
179
Stephen W. Kuffler
By John G. Nicholls
193
Anton Lang
By Hans Kende And Jan A. D. Zeevaart
211
Samuel Colville Lind
By Keith J. Laidler
227
Alfred Otto Carl Nier
By John H. Reynolds
245
Clair Cameron Patterson
By George R. Tilton
267
Berta V. Scharrer
By Dominick P. Purpura
289
Frederick Emmons Terman
By O. G. Villard, Jr.
309
Victor Chandler Twitty
By Norman K. Wessells
333
Frits Warmolt Went
By Arthur W. Galston And Thomas D. Sharkey
349
Eugene Paul Wigner
By Frederick Seitz, Erich Vogt, And Alvin M. Weinberg
365
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Preface
On March 3, 1863, Abraham Lincoln signed the Act of Incorporation that brought the National Academy of Sciences into being. In accordance with that original charter, the Academy is a private, honorary organization of scientists, elected for outstanding contributions to knowledge, who can be called upon to advise the federal government. As an institution the Academy's goal is to work toward increasing scientific knowledge and to further the use of that knowledge for the general good.
The Biographical Memoirs, begun in 1877, are a series of volumes containing the life histories and selected bibliographies of deceased members of the Academy. Colleagues familiar with the discipline and the subject's work prepare the essays. These volumes, then, contain a record of the life and work of our most distinguished leaders in the sciences, as witnessed and interpreted by their colleagues and peers. They form a biographical history of science in America—an important part of our nation's contribution to the intellectual heritage of the world.
PETER H. RAVEN
HOME SECRETARY
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