DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA-PK
DNA-dependent protein kinase
DNA-PKcs
470-kDa catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase
DS86
the current dosimetry system used to estimate doses to survivors of the atomic-bombs in Hiroshima and Nagasaki
DSB
double-strand break
ERR
excess relative risk
FISH
fluorescent in situ hybridization
high-LET
high-linear energy transfer
ICRP
International Commission on Radiological Protection
LET
linear energy transfer
low-LET
low-linear energy transfer
MDS
multiply damaged site
NAS
National Academy of Sciences
NCRP
National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements
NHEJ
nonhomologous end joining
NIH
National Institute of Health
NRC
National Research Council
PCC
prematurely condensed chromosome
PCNA
proliferating-cell nuclear antigen
Rb
retinoblastoma
RBE
relative biologic effectiveness
RERF
Radiation Effects Research Foundation (located in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan; where studies of the health effects in the atomic-bomb survivors are conducted)
RNA
ribonucleic acid
SSB
single-strand break
TCR
transcription-coupled repair
UNSCEAR
United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation
UV
ultraviolet
UVC
ultraviolet C
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The committee members would like to express their appreciation to Drs. Ernest Beutler, Sara Darby, R.J. Michael Fry, Samuel Hellman, Dade Moeller, J. Edward Rall and Charles Stevens for their participation in the National Academy of Sciences' review of this manuscript. We would also like to thank Doris Taylor, Peggy Johnson, and Dennis Gleeson for their technical and administrative assistance during the phase-1 study.