This report has been reviewed by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council's (NRC's) Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the NRC in making the published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The contents of the review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their participation in the review of this report:

Dr. Brenda Meyers Bohlke, Parsons Brinckerhoff, Inc., Reston, Virginia

Mr. Reuben Samuels, NAE, Parsons Brinckerhoff, Inc., New York, New York

Dr. Eugene Sevin, NAE, Lyndhurst, Ohio

Mr. Peter Smeallie, Research Opportunities Management, Alexandria, Virginia

Although the individuals listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, responsibility for the final content of this report rests solely with the NRC.

Front Matter (R1-R6)

Introduction (1-4)

Welcoming Address (5-6)

Findings of the President (7-11)

Key Issues in Going Underground (12-12)

Infrastructure Protection in the United States: A Norwegian Perspective (13-14)

Panel Discussions, Panel 1: Infrastructure Protection Issues (15-23)

Panel 2: Needs and Requirements of the Infrastructure Community (24-29)

Panel 3: Experience with Underground Facilities: Capabilities, Limitations, and Applications (30-37)

Panel 4: Factors Influencing the Decision-Making Process (38-44)

Breakout Sessions (45-47)

Closing Remarks (48-49)

Appendix A: Speaker Biographies (50-58)

Appendix B: Workshop Agenda (59-61)

Appendix C: Workshop Participants (62-63)