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Evaluation of the Voluntary National Tests: Phase 1 (1999)

Chapter: Appendix G: Observations of Cognitive Labs and Bias Reviews

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Observations of Cognitive Labs and Bias Reviews." National Research Council. 1999. Evaluation of the Voluntary National Tests: Phase 1. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6324.
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Appendix G Observations of Cognitive Labs and Bias Reviews

Activity

Observations

Purpose of Observation

Cognitive Lab Training

Palo Alto, CA (May 11–12, 1998)

Participated in training provided to cognitive lab interviewers. Training consisted of two days of overview, tape observation, role playing, and discussion.

To acquaint evaluators with the interview methodology used in the cognitive labs. Also, attending both sessions provided evaluators with the ability to observe the evolution of the training materials.

East Lansing, MI (April 20–21, 1998)

 

 

Live Cognitive Lab Interviews

AIR, New England (May 26, 1998)

M2 (2 taped)

To allow evaluators to observe the cognitive lab process and to determine whether the cognitive labs would provide information that could improve the quality of items. Observing interviews at several locations allowed evaluators to determine interviewer quality and whether the interviews were being conducted consistently across sites.

San Antonio, TX (June 8–9, 1998)

R9 (1 taped)

 

AIR, Palo Alto (June 10–12, 1998)

R7 (1 live interview, 1 taped)

 

East Lansing, MI (June 22–23, 1998)

R16 (2 live interviews)

 

 

R4 (4 taped)

 

 

R9 (4 taped)

 

 

M7 (1 live interview, 4 taped)

 

 

M10 (2 live interviews, 1 taped)

 

 

R20 (1 live, 1 taped)

 

 

M11 (1 live interview)

 

 

M19 (1 live interview)

 

 

M16 ( live interviews)

 

 

R22 (1 taped)

 

 

R18 (1 taped)

 

 

R22 (1 taped)

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Observations of Cognitive Labs and Bias Reviews." National Research Council. 1999. Evaluation of the Voluntary National Tests: Phase 1. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6324.
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Activity

Observations

Purpose of Observation

Taped Cognitive Lab Interviews

AIR, Washington, D.C. (July 1–2, 1998)

M2, M10 (9 tapes [some of which had already been seen] and 1-on-1 forms)

R4, R9 (9 tapes [some of which had already been seen] and 1-on-1 forms)

To allow evaluators to focus on the contribution of the cognitive labs to item quality for a small sample of items and to allow evaluators to review the 1-on-1 forms filled out by the AIR interviewers.

Bias and Sensitivity Review

Math—San Antonio, TX (July 6–7, 1998)

Panel members reviewed 1,400–1,500 items.

To determine the impact of bias and sensitivity review on item quality.

Reading—Chicago, IL (July 6–7, 1998)

Panel members reviewed 350–400 passages.

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Observations of Cognitive Labs and Bias Reviews." National Research Council. 1999. Evaluation of the Voluntary National Tests: Phase 1. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6324.
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Page 70
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Observations of Cognitive Labs and Bias Reviews." National Research Council. 1999. Evaluation of the Voluntary National Tests: Phase 1. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6324.
×
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In his 1997 State of the Union address, President Clinton announced a federal initiative to develop tests of 4th-grade reading and 8th-grade mathematics that would provide reliable information about student performance at two key points in their educational careers. According to the U.S. Department of Education, the Voluntary National Tests (VNT) would create a catalyst for continued school improvement by focusing parental and community-wide attention on achievement and would become new tools to hold school systems accountable for their students' performance. The National Assessment Governing Board (NAGB) has responsibility for development of the VNT. Congress recognized that a testing program of the scale and magnitude of the VNT initiative raises many important technical questions and requires quality control throughout development and implementation. In P.L. 105-78, Congress called on the National Research Council (NRC) to evaluate a series of technical issues pertaining to the validity of test items, the validity of proposed links between the VNT and the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), plans for the accommodation and inclusion of students with disabilities and English-language learners, plans for reporting test information to parents and the public, and potential uses of the tests. This report covers phase 1 of the evaluation (November 1997-July 1998) and focuses on three principal issues: test specifications and frameworks; preliminary evidence of the quality of test items; and plans for the pilot and field test studies, for inclusion and accommodation, and for reporting VNT results.

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