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OCR for page 55
55
PROGRESS BY PROJECT
AREA 1: PAVEMENTS
Project 1-1(1) FY,63
Development of Procedures for Comparing
the AASHO Road Test Findings with Per-
formance of (~) Existing Pavements and
(2) Newly Constructed Experimental
Pavements
Research Agency:
Principal Invest:
Effective Date:
Completion Date:
Funds:
Highway Research Board
Dr. Paul E. trick
March 1, 1963
February 29, 1964
$42,800
Guidelines were established for the study of existing
and new experimental pavements in the satellite research
program. Definitions were provided for pavement units
and behavior, traffic factors, and environmental factors.
Recommendations were made for experimental designs
and requirements for collecting adequate data.
The final report has been published in two volumes as:
NCHRP Report 2, "An Introduction to Guidelines for
Satellite Studies of Pavement Performance"; NCHRP Re-
port 2A, "Guidelines for Satellite Studies of Pavement
Performance."
Report 2 contains a brief presentation of the essentials
of the research, whereas Report 2A contains the details.
Project 1-1~2) Fy '64
Guidelines for Extending the Findings of the
AASHO Road Test implementation
Phase
Research Agency: Highway Research Board
Principal Invest: Dr. Paul E. Irick
Effective Date: March 1, 1964
Completion Date: August 31, 1965
Funds: $1 1,356
In follow-up to the development of NCHRP Report
2A, the intent of this continuation was to establish means
for advising and assisting the various satellite programs
in the use of the guidelines, techniques, and standards for
data acquisition, procedures for data processing, and
methods for updating the original guidelines in light of
the findings of other research in Area One.
Inasmuch as the Bureau of Public Roads undertook
implementation of the guidelines, rather than doing this
through the Highway Research Board, the project was
closed out.
Project 1-2 FY,63
Comparison of Different Methods for Evatu
ating Pavement Conditions
Research Agency: Purdue University
Principal Invest.: Prof. E. J. Yoder
Prof. B. E. Quinn
- February 15, 1963
February 28, 1965
$29,957
Elective Date:
Completion Date:
Funds:
This project was authorized to evaluate the effectiveness
of various objective measurement techniques for obtaining
data on road surface properties for use in the prediction
of pavement serviceability ratings. Initially, a comparison
was made between existing types of "road-roughness"
measuring equipment. Such devices as the BPR rough-
ometer, the AASHO slope profilometer, and the CHLOE
profilometer were involved in the comparison study.
Research has been completed, and the project report
published as: NCHRP Report 7, "Comparison of Differ-
ent Methods of Measuring Pavement Condition."
Because the initial reseach resulted in sufficient data to
permit calculation of elevation power spectra, the work
was extended to consider specifically the problems asso-
ciated with using these spectra as criteria of pavement
condition. The report on the power spectra work was not
published in the regular NCHRP series, but a copy of
the agency's final report is available on microfiche (see
final page of this section for ordering information).
A paper on this work was also published in Highway
Research Record No. 189.
Project 1-3~1) FY ,63 and FY '64
Factors Influencing Pavement Performance-
Regional
Effective Date:
Completion Date:
Funds:
Research Agency: Purdue University
Principal Invest.: Prof. K. B. Woods
Prof. E. J. Yoder
Prof. R. D. Miles
Dr. C. W. Lovell, Jr.
February 15, 1963
September 30, 1967
$45,982
The objectives of this project were to identify factors
that influence pavement performance, to determine the
relative effect of each factor, and to correlate pavement
design and performance with factors common to a number
of regions of the United States.
A regional classification system, using 97 physiographic
units and covering the 48 contiguous states, was adapted
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56
from the system originally developed by K. B. Woods
and C. W. Lovell, Jr., and published in the Highway
Engineering Handbook, McGraw-Hill, New York (1960~.
The highway factors analyzed by physiographic unit were:
(1) availability of aggregates, (2) soil origin and texture,
(3) high-volume-change soils, (4) potentially poor
subgrade support conditions, and (5) frost-susceptible
soils.
The Research has been completed, and the project re-
port has been published as: NCHRP Report 132, "Re-
lationships Between Physiographic Units and Highway
Design Factors."
Project 1-3(2) FY'63
Factors Influencing Pavement Performance
Local
Research Agency:
Principal Invest.:
Elective Date:
Completion Date:
Funds:
Northwestern University
Dr. R. L. Kondner
September 1, 1963
September 30, 1964
$19,850
In contrast with other research concerned with orga-
nizing regions into like groupings of sufficient size to
permit the applications of the principles of meteorology,
pedology, and geology to the identification of significant
factors influencing pavement performance, this study was
directed to the establishment of significant trends between
flexible pavement response and various factors such as
axle load, number of load applications, and thickness of
pavement components. Performance data from the
AASHO Road Test and other similar experiments were
examined, and observed behavioral trends were expressed
mathematically for consideration of the possibility of in-
corporating performance, expressed in terms of the pres-
ent serviceability index (PSI), in flexible pavement design
procedures.
This research has been completed, and the results have
been published as: NCHRP Report 22, "Factors Influ-
encing Flexible Pavement Performance."
Project 1-3(3) FY '64
Factors Influencing Pavement Performance
Research Agency: University of California
Principal Invest.: Dr. H. B. Seed
Prof. C. L. Monismith
Elective Date: April 1, 1964
Completion Date: October 31, 1965
Funds: $19,800
This research was initiated to develop procedures for
predicting pavement deflections on the basis of the results
from controlled repeated-load tests on materials com-
prising the pavement sections and within the framework
of existing layered system theory.
Research has been completed, and the results have been
published as: NCHRP Report 35, "Prediction of Flexible
Pavement Deflections from Laboratory Repeated-Load
Tests."
Project 1-4~1) FY '63
Extension of Road Test Performance Con-
cepts
Research Agency:
Principal Invest.:
Elective Date:
Completion Date:
Funds:
Georgia Institute of Technology
Dr. A. S. Vesic
Leonard Domaschuk
October 1, 1963
September 30, 1964
$10,000
This research involved a critical review of existing hy-
potheses and the development of new hypotheses of flex-
ible pavement performance as related to fundamental
principles of engineering mechanics and material science.
New hypotheses of flexible pavement performance as re-
lated to design were sought and tested with available data
from the AASHO Road Test and elsewhere.
Research has been completed, and the results have been
published as: NCHRP Report 10, "Theoretical Analysis
of Structural Behavior of Road Test Flexible Pavements."
Project 1-41A FY '64
Extension of Road Test Performance Con-
cepts
Research Agency:
Principal Invest.:
Elective Date:
Completion Date:
Funds:
Duke University
Dr. A. S. Vesic
February 1, 1965
September 30, 1966
$19,924
This research was concerned with existing theories of
structural behavior of rigid pavements. Available data on
deflections, stresses, and observed structural failures of
rigid pavements during the AASHO Road Test were col-
lected and critically reviewed. Rational correlations were
developed for existing theories of mechanical behavior of
. .
r~glc ~ pavements.
The project report has been published as: NCHRP
Report 97, "Analysis of Structural Behavior of AASHO
Road Test Rigid Pavements."
Project 1-4~2) FY '64
Extension of Road Test Performance Con-
cepts
Research Agency:
Principal Invest.:
Affective Date:
Completion Date:
Funds:
Purdue University
Dr. M. E. Harr
February 1, 1964
January 31, 1966
$12,243
This research study was authorized to examine existing
hypotheses and to develop new hypotheses of pavement
OCR for page 57
57
performance as related to fundamental principles of en-
gineering mechanics and materials science and, alter-
nately, to test these hypotheses with data from any other
available source.
This research has been completed, and the project re-
port has been published as: NCHRP Report 30, "Exten-
sion of AASHO Road Test Performance Concepts."
Project 1-5 FY '64
Detecting Variations in Load-Carrying Capac-
ity of Flexible Pavements
Research Agency:
Principal Invest.:
Effective Date:
Completion Date:
Funds:
Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory
Dr. N. M. Isada
January 15, 1964
Julyl5, 1965
$49,01 1
A need exists for an accurate method which will in-
dicate the relative load-carrying capacity of pavements
when compared with capacities during fall or other sea-
sons so that restrictions in load limits can be more ob-
jectively applied. It is desirable that such a method be
rapid and simple in operation and nondestructive to the
pavement.
This research approached the objectives in terms of
investigating the displacement response of flexible pave-
ments to impulsive loadings as a measure of the seasonal
changes in the elastic properties. The findings have been
published as: NCHRP Report 21, "Detecting Variations
in Load-Carrying Capacity of Flexible Pavements."
Project 1-5~2) Fy '67
Detecting Seasonal Changes in Load-Carrying
Capabilities of Flexible Pavements
Research Agency: Texas A & M University
Research Foundation
Principal Invest.: F. H. Scrivner
W. M. Moore
September 1, 1966
June 30, 1968
$49,428
Elective Date:
Completion Date:
Funds:
Frost, temperature, moisture, and other environmental
factors influence the seasonal changes in strength of flex-
ible pavements, particularly during the spring thaw pe-
riods in the northern areas of the country. A simple, rapid,
and nondestructive procedure is needed for determining
the relative load-carrying capabilities of pavements during
all seasons of the year. The objectives of this study were
to evaluate methods of meeting this need and to develop
techniques and guidelines for field use of the most prom-
ising procedure. As a result of the evaluation, the Lane-
Wells Dynaflect equipment was selected for field evalu-
ation and recommended for field operation.
Research has been completed, and the project report
has been published as: NCHRP Report 76, "Detecting
Seasonal Changes in Load-Carrying Capabilities of Flex-
ible Pavements."
Project 1-6 FY '64
Standard Measurements for Satellite Pro-
gram Measurement Team
Research Agency:
Principal Invest.:
Elective Date:
Completion Date:
Funds:
Texas A & M University
Research Foundation
F. H. Scrivuer
March 31, 1964
January 31, 1967
$61,353
This research related to establishing measurement
teams equipped, staffed, and trained to make common
denominator measurements on the projects in any pro-
posed satellite research program and to insure continuity
of these measurements during the life of such a program.
The measurement program considered minimal for a
nationwide coordinated satellite program was outlined in
the guidelines prepared under NCHRP Project 1-1, but
the guidelines did not specify actual items of test equip-
ment nor describe team personnel requirements or pro-
cedures in detail. In addition, it did not attempt to define
the testing program for the measurement teams in terms
of frequency of visits to individual projects or schedules
of measurements within projects.
Research has been completed, and the project report
has been published as: NCHRP Report 59, "Standard
Measurements for Satellite Road Test Program."
Project 1-7 FY '65
Development of interim Skid-Resistance Re-
quirements for Highway Pavement Sur-
faces
Research Agency:
Principal Invest.:
Elective Date:
Completion Date:
Funds:
The Pennsylvania State University
Prof. W. E. Meyer
June 15, 1965
December 15, 1966
$24,815
The specific objectives of this research were to (1) de-
velop a state-of-knowledge report on skid measurement
techniques and coefficients for highway pavements, (2)
recommend interim design values and minimum ser-
vice values for skid resistance of wet pavements in terms
of safety and economy for different methods of measure-
ments, and (3) outline a long-range program to provide
verification or refinement of the recommended values.
Research has been completed, and the project report
has been published as: NCHRP Report 37, "Tentative
Skid-Resistance Requirements for Main Rural High-
ways."
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58
Project 1-8 FY '65
Effective Dates: Sept. 12, 1966 Dec. 1, 1968
. . Completion Dates: Mar. 11, 1968 Dec. 31 1970
Factors Involved In the Design of Asphalt Funds $99,803 $103 29i
Pavement Surfaces
Research Agency:
Principal Invest.:
Effective Date:
Completion Date:
Funds:
Materials Research & Development
F. N. Finn
January 1, 1965
February 28, 1966
$23,255
This research was authorized to identify the factors
fundamental to comprehensive design of asphalt surface
courses; to appraise the state of knowledge concerning
both the recognition of and accounting for these factors
in design; and to recommend areas in which new test
methods and research are needed if currently used test
methods are inadequate to provide the necessary infor-
mation concerning the fundamental factors.
Research has been completed, and the project report
has been published as: NCHRP Report 39, "Factors In-
volved in the Design of Asphaltic Pavement Surfaces."
Project 1-9 FY '67
Evaluation of Studded Tires
Research Agency:
Principal Invest.:
Elective Date:
Completion Date:
Funds:
Cornell Aeronautical Laboratory
F. R. Haselton
October 1, 1966
June 30, 1967
$24,998
This was essentially a state-of-the-art study in which
currently available data on the performance of studded
tires were evaluated and correlated. Correlations of pub-
lished and unpublished information on both the effec-
tiveness of studded tires and the wear resulting from their
use were provided. Some recommendations were made
for measuring pavement wear caused by studded tires and
for a controlled systematic means for investigating the
pavement wear on a nationwide basis.
Research has been completed, and the project report
has been published as: NCHRP Report 61, "Evaluation
of Studded Tires Performance Data and Pavement
Wear Measurement."
Project 1-10 FY '67 and FY '69
Translating AASHO Road Test Findings-
Basic Properties of Pavement Compo
nents
Research Agency: Materials Research and Develop
ment
Principal Invest.: B. A. Vallerga
F. N. Finn
Dr. W. R. Hudson
Dr. Keshavan Nair
This research concentrated on improving the under-
standing of the significant basic properties of pavement
systems and components and their relationships to design
and performance, with due regard to locality and envi-
ronment. The specific objectives of the research were (1)
development of descriptions of significant basic properties
of materials used in road structures, (2) development of
procedures for measuring these properties in a manner
applicable to pavement design and evaluation, and (3)
development of procedures for pavement design, utilizing
the measured values of the basic properties, which would
be applicable to all locations, environments, and traffic
loadings.
Research has been completed, and project reports cov-
ering the subdivisions have been published as: NCHRP
Report 139, "Flexible Pavement Design and Manage-
ment Systems Formulation" and NCHRP Report 140,
"Flexible Pavement Design and Management Materials
Characterization. "
Project 1-1OA FY '72
Systems Approach to Pavement Design-~m-
plementation Phase
Research Agency:
Principal Invest.:
Effective Date:
Completion Date:
Funds:
Texas A & M University
Research Foundation
R. L. Lytton
W. F. McFarland
March 1, 1972
December 31, 1973
$100,000
The primary objective of this project was the further
development of the SAMP5 program to field application
stage and its pilot testing in one or more state highway
departments.
The research has been completed and the objective
accomplished. The systems model (now designated as
SAMP6) has been modified to include full roadbed cross
sections, variable unit costs with quantity and time, sto-
chastic variability of some values, environmental rough-
ness, and a modified structural subsystem. Trial
implementation of the SAMP6 program was undertaken
in the States of Florida, Kansas, and Louisiana. An eval-
uation of the pilot studies indicates that SAMP6 is an
operational computer program that can be a useful tool
in the pavement design and management process.
The project report has been published as: NCHRP
Report 160, "Flexible Pavement Design and Manage-
ment-Systems Approach Implementation."
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59
Project 1-1OB FY '73
Development of Pavement Structural Subsys-
tems
Research Agency:
Principal Invest.:
Elective Date:
Completion Date:
Funds:
Materials Redevelopment
F. N. Finn
Dr. C. L. Saraf
Dr. W. S. Smith
February 1, 1974
July 31, 1986
$447,941
The primary objective of this project was to develop,
modularize, and demonstrate implementability of flexible-
type pavement structural subsystems utilizing imple-
mentable mechanistic techniques to analyze specific dis-
tress modes in pavement structures for various
environmental, tragic, and construction conditions and
having the capability of being used to evaluate both new
pavement structures and overlays. The analysis tech-
niques were based on available information from previous
and current research. They are applicable to all flexible-
type pavements, including those with treated base and
subbase courses and full-depth bituminous structures.
Specific distress modes that were considered are:
(a) Cracking from repetitive traffic loading.
(b) Permanent deformation from repetitive traffic load-
ing.
(c) Thermal cracking.
The initial phase of the research has been completed
with the development of two computer programs, one
referred to as PDMAP (Probabilistic Distress Models for
Asphalt Pavements) for fatigue cracking and permanent
deformation, and the second referred to as COLD (Com-
putation of Low-Temperature Damage) for low-temper-
ature cracking. The programs are capable of predicting
the occurrence of pavement distress based on material
properties, traffic loading, and environmental input data.
They can be used in pavement management systems, di-
agnostic investigations, formulation of design criteria, and
preparation of material and construction specifications.
The essential findings from the initial phase of the
project have been published in a paper, "Mechanistic
Structural Subsystems for Asphalt Concrete Pavement
Design and Management," in Transportation Research
Record 602 and in the Proceedings of the Fourth Inter-
national Conference on Structural Design of Pavements.
Phase II of the project had the objective of assisting
the state highway agencies in Florida and Utah during
calibration and implementation of the PDMAP and
COLD programs. These efforts were intended to use ma-
terials characterization data previously developed by the
participating states. However, it was determined that the
existing data would be suitable for only a demonstration
of the programs rather than actual implementation.
Research has been completed, and the project report
has been published as: NCHRP Report 291, "Develop-
ment of Pavement Structural Subsystems."
Project 1-11 FY,68
Evaluation of AASHO Interim Guides for De-
sign of Pavement Structures
Research Agency:
Principal Invest.:
Elective Dates:
Completion Dates:
Funds:
Materials Research and Develop
ment
C. J. Van Til
B. F. McCullough
Oct. 23, 1967 Aug. 1, 1970
June 30, 1970 Apr. 30, 1971
$63,720 $20,205
The specific objectives of this research were (1) to col-
lect, review, and summarize current State highway de-
partment pavement design procedures, and (2) to develop
proposed revisions to the AASHO Interim Guides for the
Design of Pavement Structures based on an evaluation of
the results of the first objective.
Research has been completed, and the project reports
have been published as: NCHRP Report 128, "Evaluation
of AASHO Interim Guides for Design of Pavement Struc-
tures," and "AASHO Interim Guide for Design of Pave-
ment Structures," published by the American Association
of State Highway and Transportation Officials, 444 North
Capitol St., N.W., Suite 225, Washington, D. C. 20001.
Project 1-12 FY '70
Determination of Pavement Friction Coeffi-
cients Required for Driving Tasks
Research Agency:
Principal Invest.:
Effective Date:
Completion Date:
Funds:
The Franklin Institute
Eugene Farber
August 25, 1969
June 8, 1973
$309,244
The ultimate objectives of research in this problem area,
dealing with the frictional coupling of the vehicle tire and
the pavement surface, were to (1) determine pavement
skid resistance requirements, (2) improve the reliability
of skid resistance measurements, and (3) improve the
ability to build and maintain highly skid resistant pave-
ments. The specific objective of this project was the de-
velopment of procedures for determining pavement skid
resistance requirements for various classes of highways,
taking into consideration such factors as driver and ve-
hicle characteristics, traffic, weather, and highway ge-
ometry.
Research has been completed and a procedure devel-
oped for determining skid resistance requirements for in-
tersections and other roadway sites where braking occurs.
The project report has been published as: NCHRP
Report 154, "Determining Pavement Skid Resistance Re-
quirements at Intersections and Braking Sites."
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60
Project 1-12A FY ,74
Wet-Weather Skidding Accident Reduction at
Intersections
Research Agency: Ohio Department of Transportation
Principal Invest.: R. D. Paddock
Elective Date: July 1, 1975
Completion Date: July 1, 1978
Funds: $199,955
This project was directed toward examination of meth-
ods developed under NCHRP Project 1-12 for determin-
ing vehicular longitudinal acceleration forces and to relate
these forces to the incidence of vehicle skidding through
loss of traction at the tire-pavement interface. The over-
all objective was to provide highway agencies with prac-
tical methods needed for determining where longitudinal
acceleration demand exceeds available tire-pavement in-
terface friction.
Research has been completed. It was found that vehicle
deceleration profiles were strongly related to wet-weather
accident rates at intersection sites and approach speed
data could be used in place of the more difficult to obtain
acceleration data for modeling wet-weather accident rates.
The Ohio DOT is implementing on a trial basis the pro-
cedures for predicting accident rates developed during
this project.
Copies of the agency report were distributed to program
sponsors and will not be published in the regular NCHRP
report series. Loan copies are available or microfiche of
the report may be purchased (see final page of this section
for ordering information).
Project 1-12(2) FY'71
Locked-Whee! Pavement Skid Tester Corre-
lation and Calibration Techniques
Research Agency:
Principal Invest.:
The Pennsylvania State University
Prof. W. E. Meyer
R. R. Hegmon
Elective Date: September 16, 1970
Completion Date: May 15, 1973
Funds: $319,000
The specific objective of this project was the develop-
ment and verification of methods for improving the ability
to measure pavement skid resistance with skid testers in
general conformance with ASTM Method E-274.
The project report has been published as: NCHRP
Report 151, "Locked-Wheel Pavement Skid Tester Cor-
relation and Calibration Techniques."
Effective Date: November 1, 1971
Completion Date: September 30, 1975
Funds: $26 1,955
The objectives of this project were to (1) identify and
evaluate currently available pavement surfaces, construc-
tion procedures, and treatments for improving wear re-
sistance and skid resistance of roadways and (2) conduct
an experimental program to evaluate promising innova-
tive procedures for providing highly wear- and skid-re-
sistant pavement surfaces.
The research has been completed. The essential findings
have been published as NCHRP Research Results Digest
89. The agency report has been distributed to the Program
sponsors and other interested persons. It will not be pub-
lished in the regular NCHRP report series but is available
on a loan basis upon written request to the NCHRP.
Microfiche of the report may be purchased (see final page
of this section for ordering information).
Project 1-13 FY ,72
Effects of Studded Tires on Highway Safety
Research Agency: Calspan Corporation
Principal Invest.: Kenneth Perchonok
Elective Date: April 19, 1971
Completion Date: August 20, 1974
Funds: $208,898
The specific objective of this project was to measure,
by study of accidents, accident records, accident inves-
tigations, or other appropriate means, the effect of studded
tire use on the incidence and severity of accidents oc-
curring under winter driving conditions. Analysis in-
cluded consideration of exposure of vehicles with and
without studded tires to accident occurrence.
Although all relationships that were developed did not
prove to be statistically significant (at the 95 percent level)
a slight safety advantage was indicated for studded tires.
The project report has been published as: NCHRP
Report 183, "Studded Tires and Accident Safety-An
Accident Analysis."
Project 1-13(2) FY '72
Effects of Studded Tires on Highway Safety-
Non-Winter Driving Conditions
Research Agency: University of Michigan
Principal Invest.: J. A. Green, J. S. Creswell,
D. F. Dunlap
February 15, 1972
May 31, 1973
$39,450
Project 1-12(3) FY ,72 Effective Date
Requirements for Wear-Resistant and Skid- Funds:
Resistant Highway Pavement Surfaces The objectives of this study were to synthesize current
knowledge about studded tires related to their non-winter
driving safety erects and to use this synthesis to formulate
Research Agency: Materials Research & Development
Principal Invest.: C. J. Van Til
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61
a plan for determining the magnitude of these non-winter
safety effects where this information cannot be derived
with assurance from existing data.
Project work has been completed and has offered some
insight into the magnitude of the further investigational
work required to quantify the many stud-related influ-
ences on highway safety.
The project report has been published as: NCHRP
Report 176, "Studded Tires and Highway Safety Fea-
sibility of Determining Indirect Benefits."
Project 1-14 FY '73
influence of Combined Highway Grade and
Horizontal Alignment on Skidding
Research Agency: University of Michigan
Principal Invest.: Paul Fancher
Elective Date: October 15, 1972
Completion Date: January 14, 1974
Funds: $69,968
The objective of the research was to develop tentative
guidelines for highway geometries and pavement surface
characteristics to ensure adequate vehicle control during
anticipated maneuvers on highway sections containing the
combination of horizontal alignment and upgrade and
downgrade vertical alignment.
Research has been completed with the finding that the
AASHTO design procedures-as described in A Policy
on Geometric Design of Rural Highways, 1965 and A Policy
on Design of Urban Highways and Arterial Streets, 1973
provide a practical method for arriving at reasonable
geometric designs for sites with combined horizontal cur-
vature and vertical grade, provided (1) the selected values
of superelevation are large enough to result in adequate
pavement surface drainage and (2) the pavement skid
resistance is sufficient for anticipated vehicle maneuver-
ing. However, misinterpretation of the AASHTO design
procedures has resulted in design and construction of
long-radius curves with inadequate superelevation for sur-
face drainage that contributes to an extraordinary wet-
weather accident rate at this type of site.
The project report has been published as: NCHRP
Report 184, "Influence of Combined Highway Grade and
Horizontal Alignment on Skidding."
Project 1-15 FY,73
Design of Continuously Reinforced Concrete
Pavements for Highways
Research Agency:
Principal Invest.:
Effective Date:
Completion Date:
Funds:
University of Texas at Austin
Dr. B. F. McCullough
Dr. W. R. Hudson
August 1, 1972
August31,1975
$151,870
Project work included general condition surveys of
CRCP performance in a large group of states and diag
nostic studies in several; laboratory studies of the behavior
of model CRCP slabs under repetitive loading; and the-
oretical analysis of CRCP behavior. The research pro-
duced well-defined guidelines for a new CRCP design
procedure; recommendations for certain of the required
design criteria and for approaches to the establishment
of others; and suggestions for improving the construction
process.
Research has been completed. The essential findings of
the study have been published as NCHRP Research Re-
sults Digest 82. The agency report has been distributed
to the Program sponsors and other interested persons. It
will not be published in the regular NCHRP report series
but is available on a loan basis upon written request to
the NCHRP or microfiche of the report may be purchased
(see final page of this section for ordering information).
Project 1-16 FY,74
Evaluation of Winter-Driving Traction Aids
Research Agency:
Principal Invest.:
Effective Date:
Completion Date:
Funds:
The Pennsylvania State University
Prof. W. E. Meyer
Dr. J. J. Henry
June 3, 1974
October 31, 1981
$304,400
To aid in the efficient movement of people and materials
during the winter season, industry has developed various
winter-driving traction aids such as tire chains, snow tires,
studded tires, the limited-slip differential, nonlocking
brakes, the four-wheel drive, polyethylene chains, and
improved rubber compounds. These aids do not appear
to be equally effective on snow-and ice-covered roads. In
addition, some of these aids are quite damaging to pave-
ment surfaces. Standard procedures are needed for eval-
uating the relative performance and pavement wear erects
of winter-driving traction aids. There is also a need for
a comprehensive investigation of currently available de-
vices for improving vehicle performance on ice- and snow-
covered roads.
Research has been completed, with partial accomplish-
ment of project objectives. A set of vehicle performance
test procedures has been selected for evaluating winter-
driving traction aids. An experimental program to eval-
uate the performance of available winter-driving traction
aid types on ice surfaces was conducted on an indoor ice
rink. Testing on snow surfaces was not completed due to
lack of snow and difficulties characterizing snow surfaces.
A cost-effectiveness model for evaluating winter-driving
traction aids has been developed and illustrative examples
prepared. Although an over-all ranking of winter-driving
traction aids could not be made due to the limited amount
of data available, standardized test procedures are de-
scribed for comparing the performance of traction aids
of a similar type.
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The essential findings of the study have been published
as NCHRP Research Digest 133. Copies of the revised
agency report have been distributed to the Program spon-
sors and will not be published in the regular NCHRP
report series. Loan copies are available from the NCHRP
upon written request or microfiche of the report may be
purchased (see final page of this section for ordering in-
formation).
Project 1-17 FY,77
Guidelines for Recycling Pavement Materials
Research Agency:
Principal Invest.:
Elective Date:
Completion Date:
Funds:
Texas A&M University
Research Foundation
Dr. Jon A. Epps
November 1, 1976
September 30, 1979
$199,470
The over-all objective of this project was the devel-
opment of realistic guidelines for the recycling of pave-
ment materials for the rehabilitation and reconstruction
of existing pavements. The objective has been accom-
plished and the project report published as: NCHRP Re-
port 224, "Guidelines for Recycling Pavement Materials."
Project 1-18 FY,77
Calibration and Correlation of Response-Type
Road Roughness Measuring Systems
Research Agency: University of Michigan
Principal Invest.: Dr. T. D. Gillespie
Elective Date: October 1, 1977
Completion Date: September 30, 1980
Funds: $250,000
The objective of this project was the development and
verification of relatively rapid and inexpensive methods
for the calibration and correlation of response-type road
roughness measuring systems. Research has been com-
pleted. Road roughness measuring systems were investi-
gated to determine their performance characteristics and
the necessary conditions for calibration. Primary and sec-
ondary calibration methods were developed and evaluated
during a limited correlation program.
The project report has been published as: NCHRP
Report 228, "Calibration of Response-Type Road Rough-
ness Measuring Systems."
Project 1-19 FY '78 and FY ,80
Development of a System for Nationwide
Evaluation of Portland Cement Concrete
Pavements
Research Agency:
Principal Invest.:
Effective Date:
Completion Date:
Funds:
A Concrete Pavements Evaluation System (COPES)
was developed and applied to several States (Illinois,
Georgia, California, Utah, Minnesota, and Louisiana).
COPES provides the format and procedures for collecting
data from historical records and field observations and
measurements on PCC concrete pavement projects.
COPES interfaces with selected, standard computer pack-
ages for data management and statistical analyses. Uses
of COPES for design, construction, materials evaluation,
maintenance and rehabilitation purposes were demon-
strated within states and among states.
A final report was published as: NCHRP Report 277,
"Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Evaluation System
(COPES)." This report contains an analysis of data among
states for purposes of demonstrating the system and a
user's manual for implementing COPES.
An agency report titled, "Concrete Pavement Evalu-
ation Systems (COPES), Research Report," is also avail-
able for loan or purchase (see final page of this section
for ordering information). This agency report contains
analyses of data per each of the participating states. Again,
these analyses were meant to demonstrate potential uses
of COPES; however, significant insight into the perform-
ance of concrete pavements can be gained.
Project 1-20 FY '79
Influence of Asphalt Temperature Suscepti-
bility on Pavement Construction and Per
formance
Research Agency: Texas A&M University
Principal Invest.: B. M. Gallaway
J. W. Button
Dr. J. A. Epps
May 1, 1979
July 16, 1984
$200,000
Elective Date:
Completion Date:
Funds:
The overall objectives of the research were:
University of Illinois
Dr. M. I. Darter
January 23, 1978
March 15, 1985
$225,000
1. To determine the range or extent of variability in
temperature susceptibility of asphalt cements currently
being used in road construction.
2. To evaluate the effects of the identified variability,
in relation to other factors and over the full range of
service temperatures, on pavement construction opera-
tions and short-term performance of pavements.
3. To identify the limits of variability in temperature
susceptibility that can be accommodated through appli-
cation of known asphalt technology by changes in as-
phallic concrete construction procedures and mix design
considerations.
4. To determine procedures for accommodating or
controlling that variability in temperature susceptibility
of asphalt cements that cannot be accommodated by
known asphalt technology.
Research has been completed, and the project report
has been published in 2 volumes as: NCHRP Report 268,
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63
"Influence of Asphalt Temperature Susceptibility in Pave-
ment Construction and Performance," and NCHRP Re-
port 269, "Paving with Asphalt Cements Produced in the
1980."
Project 1-21 FY'80
Repair of ~loint-Related Distress in Portland
Cement Concrete Pavements
Research Agency: University of Illinois
Principal Invests.: Dr. M. I. Darter
Dr. E. J. Barenberg
Mr. W. G. Yrjanson
May 15, 1980
June 28, 1985
$300,000
Effective Date:
Completion Date:
Funds:
The objective of this research was to develop guidelines
and criteria for making cost-effective decisions for cor-
recting failures related to joints (or cracks acting as joints)
of jointed PCC pavements. The types of failures to be
considered included faulting, D-cracking, restraint crack-
ing, corner cracking, and load transfer. The techniques
of overlay and recycling were not considered as part of
this research.
Procedures for project evaluation and selection of cost
effective repair and preventive techniques were developed.
Detailed "Design and Construction Guidelines" and
"Guide Specifications" were prepared for seven different
techniques for repairing and preventing the deterioration
of joints and cracks. These techniques include: (1) full-
depth repair of deteriorated joints, cracks, and shattered
slabs; (2) partial depth patching of joint spells; (3) sub-
sealing to fill voids and restore support; (4) restoration
of load transfer of joints and cracks; (5) diamond grinding;
(6) resealing of joints and cracks; and (7) improved slab
edge support. The procedures were tested and partially
verified through a series of field demonstrations. A void
detection procedure was developed that utilizes nonde-
structive deflection testing procedures to locate areas re-
quiring subsealing.
The final report has been published as: NCHRP Report
281, "Joint Repair Methods for Portland Cement Con-
crete Pavements- Design and Construction Guidelines."
This report documents the research effort in general and
contains the guidelines and guide specifications for the
various repair and preventive techniques. Agency copies
of Appendix B. "Field Demonstration Projects of Joint/
Crack Repairs," and Appendix C, "Void Detection Pro-
cedures," are also available for loan or purchase (see final
page of this section for ordering information).
Project 1-22 FY'81
Shoulder Geometries and Use Guidelines
Research Agency: Hugh Downs- RK & K
Principal Invest.: H. G. Downs, Jr.
Effective Date: September 8, 1981
Completion Date: April 7, 1983
Funds: $ 100,000
The objective of the research was to determine optimum
use of highway shoulders considering such factors as
safety, economics, traffic operations, roadway functional
classification, and traffic volume. Research has been com-
pleted, resulting in a set of shoulder geometric design and
use guidelines that will encourage greater uniformity.
The project report has been published as: NCHRP
Reprt 254, "Shoulder Geometrics and Use Guidelines."
Project 123 FY'82
Pavement Roughness and Rideability
Research Agency: KETRON, Inc.
Principal Invest.: M. S. Janoff
Effective Date: January 4, 1982
Completion Date: November 30, 1984
Funds: $249,990
The objectives of this research were to (1) develop a
scale that accurately reflects the public's perception of
pavement roughness, (2) develop transforms that relate
pavement profiles to the scale developed in objective 1,
and (3) show how roughness statistics produced by var-
ious RTRRMS relate to the scale developed in objective
1.
Research has been completed with accomplishment of
the objectives. The project report has been published as:
NCHRP Report 275, "Pavement Roughness and Ride-
ability."
Project 1-23(2) FY'87
Pavement Roughness and Rideability Field
Evaluation
Research Agency: JMJ Research
Principal Invest.: M. S. Janoff
Elective Date: January 6, 1986
Completion Date: December 31, 1987
Funds: $199,983
The objective of this project was to conduct a field
evaluation of the method developed under Project 1-23
of determining the serviceability of pavements in terms
of rideability or ride number (RN) from measured pro-
files. The field evaluation involved collection and analysis
of subjective (panel ratings of rideability) and objective
(measured profiles) data for selected pavements in differ-
ent regions of the country. The field evaluation verified
the basic concepts of Project 1-23 and produced refined
models suitable for adoption by AASHTO as a universal
method for determining rideability.
Research has been completed with accomplishment of
the objectives. The project report has been published as:
NCHRP Report 308, "Pavement Roughness and Ride-
ability-Field Evaluation."
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Project 1-25 FY'87
Effects of Heavy Vehicle Characteristics on
Pavement Response and Performance
Phase ~
Research Agency:
Principal Invest.:
Elective Date:
Completion Date:
Funds:
TRB Special Projects Division
Joseph R. Morris
June 12, 1986
November 30, 1987
$100,000
The lack of detailed data on characteristics of heavy
vehicles relevant to pavement design has been recognized.
Increasing diversity in heavy vehicle characteristics re-
quires a reassessment of input parameters to pavement
design and analysis. There are several research projects,
both completed and underway, that are intended to eval-
uate the effects on pavement performance of tire types,
tire pressures, heavy vehicle suspension kinematics, and
axle configurations through the use of pavement response
models and vehicle modeling techniques. A need exists
for procedures and techniques for optimization of pave-
ment and heavy vehicle design to provide efficient oper-
ation of the highway transportation system.
The objectives of Phase I of this research were to (a)
determine, collect, organize, assimilate, and evaluate all
available data and information relative to the effects of
heavy vehicle characteristics on pavement response to
wheel loads; (b) identify and describe the necessary data
base for accomplishment of the overall project objective;
and (c) make recommendations concerning the research
required for accomplishment of the overall objective.
Research has been completed and the preliminary draft
report approved by the project panel. It is being used
primarily to identify specific research objectives for Phase
II of the project. Consequently, the report will not be
published in the regular NCHRP report series but is
available on a loan basis upon written request to the
NCHRP.
Project 1-25~1) FY '87 and FY '88
Effects of Heavy Vehicle Characteristics on
Pavement Response and Performance
Phase t!
Research Agency:
Principal Invest.:
Elective Date:
Completion Date:
Funds:
University of Michigan
Dr. Thomas D. Gillespie
September 1, 1988
August31,1991
$400,000
The lack of detailed or conclusive data on character-
istics of heavy vehicles relevant to pavement management
was recognized in several workshop sessions at the North
American Pavement Management Conference in 1985
and subsequent papers submitted for the Second North
American Conference on Managing Pavements scheduled
for November 1987. Increasing diversity in heavy vehicle
characteristics requires a reassessment of input parame-
ters to pavement design and analysis. There are several
research projects, both completed and underway, that are
intended to evaluate the effects on pavement performance
of tire types, tire pressures, heavy vehicle suspension kin-
ematics, and axle configurations through the use of pave-
ment response models and vehicle modeling techniques.
A need exists for procedures and techniques for optimi-
zation of pavement and heavy vehicle design to provide
efficient operation of rural and urban roadways.
The objective of this research is to analyze and evaluate
the interaction between heavy vehicle characteristics and
pavement performance for application in pavement man-
agement. Heavy vehicle (truck and bus) characteristics
shall include tire types (bias ply, radial, low profile radial,
and "super-single"), tire pressures, tire contact (area and
load distribution), tire configuration (single, dual, and
other), suspension systems (variable load, load sharing,
and dynamic response), axle configuration (spacing, lo-
cation, and steering axle), axle static loads, and operating
conditions (speeds and acceleration/deceleration). Pave-
ment factors to be considered shall include design (flexible
and rigid), operating conditions (high speed and low
speed), surface conditions (smooth, rough, jointed), traffic
mix, and geometries. Both static and dynamic interactions
between various heavy vehicle and pavement factors shall
be analyzed and evaluated to determine their relationships
and relative significance. Analytical and experimental
procedures shall be used to investigate the effects of these
interactions on pavement performance and to provide
guidelines for use in pavement analysis and design ap-
plications.
Accomplishment of the project objectives is envisioned
to involve the following tasks:
Task I Model Selection. With recognition that exist-
ing state-of-the-art models may contain deficiencies or
simplistic representations with regard to the required
study parameters, it is anticipated, nonetheless, that only
a minor portion of the research activity would be required
for model enhancement.
The report on the first phase of NCHRP Project 1-25
will assist the researcher in assessing the capabilities of
various existing models, making appropriate model se-
lections, and refining the study design to accomplish sub-
sequent tasks. Any resulting elaboration or refinement of
the research plan shall be submitted to the project panel
for review and comments.
The predictive results of the vehicle simulation must
be compatible with the operative requirements of the
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pavement models to the extent that the latter can be used
to evaluate pavement response in a qualitative sense for
the range of scenarios that emerges when one or more of
the input parameters is varied.
Task 2 Prepare Plan of Field Experiment. The re-
searcher must outline desirable instrumentation and the
collection of field measurements that would be necessary
to accomplish Task 5. The actual collection of these data
may be possible from concurrent research sponsored by
the Federal Highway Administration and entitled "Im-
pact of Truck Characteristics on Pavements-Truck Load
Equivalency Factors" and the availability of such data
will ultimately determine the extent of execution of Task
5. This measurement design must be submitted to the
project panel as an interim report, for review and ap-
proval, no later than 90 days after the award of contract.
Task 3- Analysis. This task is the principal focus of
the research and should be designed to provide an order
of significance to the variables studied. The analytical
efforts shall include, as a minimum, those indicated by
the partial factorial matrix design plus an evaluation of
other information necessary to accomplish Task 4.
Task 4 Identify Qualitative Relationships Between Ve-
hicle and Pavement Variables. Develop trends in the per-
formance of pavements as they are affected by the various
road and vehicle factors studied. It shall be a part of this
task to classify the studied variables into their probable
order of impact and to identify and document those areas
of consequence requiring further model development or
refinement.
Task 5 Model Trend Validation. Data from the
FHWA sponsored study, "Impact of Truck Character-
istics on Pavements-Truck Load Equivalency Factors,"
or other sources shall be used by the researcher to com-
pare the model's pavement response predictions to mea-
surements of response to actual vehicle dynamic loadings.
To the extent possible, the researcher should use these
experimental results to validate the trends and sensitivities
of the models used.
Task 6-Prepare a Final Report. The activities of the
research shall be fully described and the report shall in-
clude reasons for the selection of the models used, their
initially perceived attributes and/or insufficiencies of con-
sequence and a post-research judgment as to their use-
fulness for predicting the interactions between pavements
and dynamic loadings. The researchers may wish to rec-
ommend model refinements, but their principal focus
should be on those developed research results that can
be confidently used by highway agencies and truck and
tire manufacturers to understand and assign relatively
ordered consequences to any changes that might be con-
templated in the analysis and design of pavements or
vehicles.
Research is in progress.
Project 1-26 FY '87
Calibrated Mechanistic Structural Analysis
Procedures for Pavements
Research Agency:
Principal Invest.:
Effective Date:
Completion Date:
Funds:
University of Illinois
Dr. Marshall Thompson
Dr. Ernest Barenberg
February 6, 1987
June 30, 1989
$250,000
During the development of the revised AASHTO
Guide for Design of Pavement Structures, the AASHTO
Joint Task Force on Pavements decided that the new
guide would incorporate the original AASHTO Road Test
algorithms with modifications and improvements deemed
appropriate as a result of experience and research sub-
sequent to the Road Test. Furthermore, the Task Force
decided that the new guide should present a framework
for mechanistic-empirical pavement design methods as a
window into the future. The guide as published incor-
porates these concepts.
The overall objective of research in this problem area
is the development, calibration, and verification of mech-
anistic analysis and design procedures that will reliably
predict relationships between traffic loading, environmen-
tal and material conditions, and pavement distress such
as fatigue cracking, thermal cracking, rutting, and joint-
faulting, suitable for use in future versions of the AASHTO
Guide for the Design of Pavement Structures.
The specific objectives of this project are to (1) select
from existing mechanistic technology those procedures
suitable for accomplishment of the overall objective, (2)
further develop and conduct pilot calibration and verifi-
cation of the selected technology to the stage of a practical
procedure for checking specific pavement designs for var-
ious forms of distress, (3) prepare a long-term plan for
calibration and verification of the analysis procedure, and
(4) prepare a research plan for future development of the
analysis procedure to an implementable mechanistic pave-
ment design method. It is intended that the field calibra-
tion be accomplished as part of the Long Term Pavement
Performance activity of SHRP.
Research is in progress.
Project 1-27 FY '89
Video Image Processing for Evaluating Pave-
ment Surface Distress
Research Agency:
In developmental stage
Principal Invest.:
Effective Date: (30 Months)
Completion Date:
Funds: $350,000
Measuring distress of both bituminous and Portland
cement concrete pavements is a primary means of eval
Representative terms from entire chapter:
principal invest
