National Academies Press: OpenBook

Upgrading the Space Shuttle (1999)

Chapter: acronyms

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Suggested Citation:"acronyms." National Research Council. 1999. Upgrading the Space Shuttle. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6384.
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Acronyms


APU

auxiliary power unit

ASRM

advanced solid rocket motor


CLCS

checkout launch and control system

COTS

commercial off-the-shelf


DSS

Decision Support System

DoD

U.S. Department of Defense


FES

flash evaporator system

FY

fiscal year


HEDS

Human Exploration and Development of Space


IUS

inertial upper stage

ISS

International Space Station


JSC

Johnson Space Center


KSC

Kennedy Space Center


LFBB

liquid fly-back booster

Suggested Citation:"acronyms." National Research Council. 1999. Upgrading the Space Shuttle. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6384.
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MSFC

Marshall Space Flight Center


NASA

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NPD

NASA Policy Directive

NRC

National Research Council

NSPD

National Space Policy Directive


OMS

orbital maneuvering system


PAM

payload assist module

PEM

proton exchange membrane


QRAS

quantitative risk assessment system


R&D

research and development

RCS

reaction control system

RLV

reusable launch vehicle

RSRB

reusable solid rocket booster


S&PU

safety and performance upgrades

SFOC

space flight operations contract

SSME

space shuttle main engine

SSUPRCB

Space Shuttle Upgrades Program Requirements Control Board


USA

United Space Alliance corporation

USNRC

U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission


WME

water membrane evaporator

Suggested Citation:"acronyms." National Research Council. 1999. Upgrading the Space Shuttle. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6384.
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Page 71
Suggested Citation:"acronyms." National Research Council. 1999. Upgrading the Space Shuttle. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6384.
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Page 72
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The space shuttle is a unique national resource. One of only two operating vehicles that carries humans into space, the space shuttle functions as a scientific laboratory and as a base for construction, repair, and salvage missions in low Earth orbit. It is also a heavy-lift launch vehicle (able to deliver more than 18,000 kg of payload to low Earth orbit) and the only current means of returning large payloads to Earth. Designed in the 1970s, the shuttle has frequently been upgraded to improve safety, cut operational costs, and add capability. Additional upgrades have been proposed-and some are under way-to combat obsolescence, further reduce operational costs, improve safety, and increase the ability of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to support the space station and other missions.

In May 1998, NASA asked the National Research Council (NRC) to examine the agency's plans for further upgrades to the space shuttle system. The NRC was asked to assess NASA's method for evaluating and selecting upgrades and to conduct a top-level technical assessment of proposed upgrades.

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