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Military Strategies for Sustainment of Nutrition and Immune Function in the Field (1999)
Institute of Medicine (IOM)

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. "III Introduction to Immune Function." Military Strategies for Sustainment of Nutrition and Immune Function in the Field. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1999.

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III
INTRODUCTION TO IMMUNE FUNCTION

Part III presents an overview of the current state of knowledge of immune function and the interaction of nutrition with immune response. Chapter 7 reviews the wealth of recent research that has led to exciting advances in the understanding of interactions among nutrition, immunity, and infection. It is now established that undernutrition is associated with consistent changes in immune responses that include number of T-cells, lymphocyte response to mitogens and antigens, phagocyte function, secretory IgA antibody response, complement activity, and NK cell activity. The nature of cytokines, the so-called hormones of the immune system, is explored in Chapter 8. Their biochemistry and classification, mode of action, and measurement are discussed as well as the potential of cytokines as an additional tool for assessing effects of nutrition and stress interactions.

Page
203
Front Matter (R1-R14)
Executive Summary (1-16)
I Committee Summary, Responses to Questions, Conclusions, and Recommendations (17-18)
1 A Review of the Role of Nutrition in Immune Function (19-98)
2 Committee Responses to Questions (99-124)
3 Committee Conclusions and Recommendations (125-135)
II Stage Setting: The Military Situation (137-138)
4 Why is the Army Interested in Nutrition and Immune Function? (139-162)
5 Physiological and Immunological Impact of U.S. Army Special Operations Training: A Model for the Assessment of Nutritional Intervention Effects on Temporary Immunosuppression (163-184)
6 Immune Function Studies During the Ranger Training Course of the Norwegian Military Academy (185-202)
III Introduction to Immune Function (203-204)
7 Nutrition and Immune Responses: What Do We Know? (205-220)
8 Cytokines and Nutritional Status: Possible Correlations and Investigations (221-232)
IV Assessment (233-234)
9 Methodological Issues in Assessment of Human Immune Function (235-248)
10 Application of Whole-Blood Cultures to Field Study Measurements (249-262)
V Nutrition (263-264)
11 Glutamine (265-278)
12 Vitamin A and Immune Function (279-288)
13 Vitamin E, Vitamin C, and Immune Response: Recent Advances (289-304)
14 Fatty Acids and Immune Functions (305-316)
15 Iron Metabolism, Microbial Virulence, and Host Defenses (317-336)
16 Trace Minerals, Immune Function, and Viral Evolution (337-359)
VI Health and Stress (361-362)
17 Exercise, Infection, and Immunity: Practial Applications (363-390)
18 Neuroendocrine Consequences of Systemic Inflammation (391-408)
19 Inflammatory Stress and the Immune System (409-436)
20 Chronobiology of the Immune System (437-496)
21 Conclusion: Militarily Important Issues Identified in this Report (497-508)
Appendixes (509-510)
Appendix A: Overview of the Immune System and Other Host Defense Mechanisms (511-526)
Appendix B: Glossary of Immunological Terms (527-536)
Appendix C: Overview of Immune Assessment Tests (537-542)
Appendix D: Emerging Infections, Nutritional Status, and Immunity (543-552)
Appendix E: Workshop Agenda (553-558)
Appendix F: Biographical Sketches (559-574)
Appendix G: Acronyms and Abbreviations (575-580)
Appendix H: Nutrition and Immune Function: A Selected Bibliography (581-656)
Index (657-708)

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--> III INTRODUCTION TO IMMUNE FUNCTION Part III presents an overview of the current state of knowledge of immune function and the interaction of nutrition with immune response. Chapter 7 reviews the wealth of recent research that has led to exciting advances in the understanding of interactions among nutrition, immunity, and infection. It is now established that undernutrition is associated with consistent changes in immune responses that include number of T-cells, lymphocyte response to mitogens and antigens, phagocyte function, secretory IgA antibody response, complement activity, and NK cell activity. The nature of cytokines, the so-called hormones of the immune system, is explored in Chapter 8. Their biochemistry and classification, mode of action, and measurement are discussed as well as the potential of cytokines as an additional tool for assessing effects of nutrition and stress interactions.

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complement activity