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Appendix C
Descriptions of Data Bases Mentioned
in the Panel's Recommendations
The material in this appendix was derived from the Inventory of
Data Sets Related to the Health of the Elderly, which was prepared
as background for the pane} and published in Senate Hearings on
Statistical Policy for an Aging America (U.S. Congress, Senate 1986~.
More detailed information can be found in the inventory. The data
base descriptions in the inventory were prepared by agency personnel
responsible for the data bases. The data bases and the pages where
their descriptions can be found are shown below:
Continuous Work History Sample (CWHS)
County and City Data Book (CCDB)
Decennial Census of Population and Housing
Estate/Personal Wealth File
Linked Medicare Use NCHS Mortality Statistics File
Longitudinal Study of Aging (I.SOA)
Master Provider of Services File
Medicaid Tape-to-Tape Project
Medicare Annual Summary: Person Summary File
Medicare Enrollment File
289
290
290
291
292
292
293
293
294
295
Medicare History Sample 1974 and Later 295
Medicare Part B (SMI) 5-Percent Sample Bill Summary Record 296
Medicare Reimbursement by State and County 296
National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) 297
National Data Base on Aging
National Death Index (NDI)
National Health Interview Survey (NHIS): Core Questionnaire
287
297
298
299
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288
AGING POPULATION IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
National Health Interview Survey (NHIS): Supplements
National Health Interview Survey (NHIS): Supplement
on Aging (SOA), 1984
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
(NHANES I)
NHANES ~ Epidern~ologic Follow-up Study: Initial Follow-up,
1982-84
National Master Facility Inventory (NMFI)
National Medical Care Expenditures Survey (NMCES), 1977-78,
and National Medical Expenditure Survey (NMES, planned
for 1987)
National Medical Care Utilization and Expenditure Survey
(NMCUES), 1980
National Mortality Statistics File
National Nursing Home Survey (NNHS)
Statistics of Income: Individual Income Tax Returns
Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP)
Yearly Continuous Disability History Sample (CDHS)
REFERENCE
300
300
301
302
303
304
305
307
307
309
309
312
U.S. Congress, Senate
1986 Statistical Policy for an Aging Society. Joint Hearing of
the Subcommittee on Energy, Nuclear Proliferation, and
Government Processes and the Subcommittee on Aging,
Committee on Governmental Affairs. 99th Congress, 2nd
Session. Washington, D.C.
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DESCRIPTIONS OF DATA BASES
TITLE:
289
Continuous Work History Sample (CWHS)
Social Security Administration (SSA), Department of
Health and Human Services (DHHS)
YEARS OF DATA COLLECTION: Detailed annual earnings data
are currently available for the period 1951-82. Some 1983 data should
be available in late 1985. Files are updated annually with a 1- or
2-year lag for accounting and computer processes.
PURPOSE: The CWHS evolved at SSA as the best way of collect-
ing demographic, earnings, employment, and benefit datafor use in
program research. The files are also used in actuarial activities, the
~ustee's Report, and Trust Fund transfers.
DESIGN: The CWHS is a sample data set of administrative records,
not a survey. The universe of the data set is all issued social security
numbers (SSNs). The CWHS extracts data based on the serial digits
of the SSN, usually at a Leo level. The CWHS currently consists
of approximately 2.9 million SSNs. The data set is longitudinal in
several of its data files. Annual earnings data are available starting
in 1951.
CONTENT: The information collected is basically that which SSA
needs to administer its retirement program. Data are collected! from
the:
.
1040
SS-5 W-2(W-3) SS-4 Schedule C
Year of birth Wages Coded Standard Self-employed
Race Type of Industrial Class (FICA only)
Sex employment State, county
Place of birth of employer
The data are supplemented from various SSA claims forms. Earn-
~ngs and claims data are collected annually.
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290
AGING POPULATION IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
TITLE: County and City Data Book (CCDB)
SPONSOR: Bureau of Census
YEARS OF DATA COLLECTION: Publication produced roughly
every 5 years, though data are collected and processed continuously.
CCDB 1983 is the most current edition; next edition is projected for
1987.
PURPOSE: To provide statistical information for states, counties,
and cities on subjects such as population, vital statistics, housing,
and income.
DESIGN: Data are for geographic units in the United States, com-
piled from a number of sources.
CONTENT: Continuous collection of county- and city-level data.
Information is processed as various data series are produced. There-
fore some data are annual, some periodic, and some once in a decade.
PUBLIC-USE DATA TAPES: County and City Data Book 1983
(most recent), CO-STAT 1 (County Statistics 1), County and City
Data Book floppy disks.
TITLE: Decennial Census of Population and Housing
SPONSOR: Bureau of the Census
YEARS OF DATA COLLECTION: Every 10 years since 1790; the
twentieth census was conducted as of April 1, 1980.
PURPOSE: The Constitution mandates that a census be taken
every 10 years to provide a basis for reapportioning seats in the
House of Representatives.
DESIGN: In the 1980 census, each household in the country re-
ceived one of two versions of the census questionnaire: a short form
containing a limited number of basic population and housing ques-
tions or a long form containing these questions as well as a number
of additional questions. Two sampling rates were used for the Tong
form. For most of the country, one in every six households (about 17
percent) received the long form or sample questionnaire; in counties,
incorporated places and functioning minor civil divisions estimated
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DESCRIPTIONS OF DATA BASES
291
to have fewer than 2,500 inhabitants, every other household (50 per-
cent) received the sample questionnaire to enhance the reliability of
sample data in small areas.
CONTENT: The information collected describes the basic demo-
graphic and housing characteristics of the population. There are
some comparability problems between censuses because of changes
in definitions and procedures. A section on comparability is included
in most reports.
PUBLIC-USE DATA TAPES: Available for a sample for 1940,
1950, and 1960. Basic record tapes available for 1970 and 1980
censuses.
TITLE: Estate/Personal Wealth File
SPONSOR: Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
YEARS OF DATA COLLECTION: Micro data files have been
completed for estate tax returns filed in 1963, 1966, 1970, 1973,
1977, and for 1982 through 1984. Currently, the study is conducted
annually. Data on personal wealth were published most recently in
the winter 198~1985 Bulletin; more complete data will be released
in winter 1986-1987.
PURPOSE: Collection of data from federal estate tax returns for
the purpose of tax administration and for use in the production of
personal wealth estimates.
DESIGN: Sample of estate tax returns filed each year. Sample size
varies from year to year. Sample based on year of death, age at
death, and size of gross estate.
CONTENT: Identifying information, demographic information, as-
set amounts, liabilities, deductions, net worth, estate tax computa-
tion.
Periodically, information on beneficiaries and amounts of bequests
are collected.
PUBLIC-USE DATA TAPES: Can be purchased for the years 1973,
1977,1982,1983, and 1984.
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292
TITLE:
AGING POPULATION IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
[inked Medicare Use NCHS Mortality Statistics
File
SPONSOR: Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA), De-
partment of Health and Human Service (DHHS)
YEARS OF DATA COLLECTION: 1979.
PURPOSE: To study the relation of use of Medicare-covered ser-
vices to cause of death.
DESIGN: The Medicare utilization and enrollment information in
the Continuous Medicare History Sample was linked to the mortality
statistics file of the National Center for Health Statistics for a No
random sample of Medicare enrollees who died in 1979. Of the 70,000
decedents, records were linked for Ado.
CONTENT: Use and cost of Medicare-covered benefits (hospital,
physician, home health, skilled nursing facility, hospital outpatient)
linked to death certificate data including cause of death. D etaiT
container] in descriptions of Continuous Medicare History File and
Mortality Statistics file.
Longitudinal Study of Aging (ISOA)
SPONSOR: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), De-
partment of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
YEARS OF DATA COLLECTION: Baseline survey, 1984. First
reinterview, 1986. Record linkage biannually.
PURPOSE: Study changes in functional status. Develop transi-
tional probability models. Study relationship between social and
health factors and death.
DESIGN: The Longitudinal Study on Aging is a prospective study
based on respondents to the Supplement on Aging, a special set of
questions added to the National Health Interview Survey in 1984.
Thus the base is a national probability sample of people age 55
and older living in the community. All respondents will be followed
by linkage with death records through the National Death Index.
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DESCRIPTIONS OF DAT,4 BASES
293
Respondents age 65 and older will be followed by linkage with Medi-
care records. Respondents age 70 and older will be reinterviewed by
telephone.
CONTENT: Interview will focus on changes in functioning, care
giving, and living arrangements.
TITLE:
Master Provider of Services File
Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA), De-
partment of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
YEARS OF DATA COLLECTION: Reflects the Medicare recerti-
fication cycic from one to three years depending on type of institu-
tion. Updated daily on a flow basis.
PURPOSE: To automate the provider certification activity.
DESIGN: All Medicare and Medicaid participating institutional
providers.
CONTENT: Provider characteristics:
Name and address
Medicare provider number
Staff size
Bed size
Services authorized
Accreditation
. County, Metropolitan Statistical Area codes
The file is produced from the Medicare/Medicaid Automated Certi-
fication System (MMACS).
Medicaid Tape-To-Tape Project
Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA), De-
partment of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
YEARS OF DATA COLLECTION: 1980-1982 data from the five
participating states have been collected and uniform files completed.
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294
AGING POPULATION IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
1983-1984 data from participating states are being collected at this
time.
PURPOSE: This project was initiated to expand the agency's abil-
ity to collect data to analyze the Medicaid program.
DESIGN: The main data base consists of 100~o data from five
participating states (California, Georgia, Michigan, New York, and
Tennessee) in uniform codes and formats. States send their Medicaid
Management Information System (MMIS) tapes, which are edited
into a comparable format for analysis.
CONTENT: Uniform files are produced for each participating state
and year. Separate files are maintained for enrollment, claims, and
provider data. Claims, provider, and reimbursements can be linked
to the Medicaid enrollee who received the service, and to the provider
who furnished it.
TITLE:
Medicare Annual Summary: Person Summary File
SPONSOR: Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA), De-
partment of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
PURPOSE: The summary file is used to produce statistical reports
by age, sex, race, and state of residence, showing number of persons
receiving reimbursed Medicare services and amounts reimbursed by
type of service.
DESIGN: No sample of aged Medicare population based on Social
Security number. 25~o sample of disabled Medicare population based
on Social Security number.
CONTENT: The file is based on bills for the sample population. It
shows utilization, charges, and reimbursements by type of service for
each person using reimbursed services.
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DESCRIPTIONS OF DATA BASES
TITLE:
295
Medicare Enrollment File
Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA), De-
partment of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
YEARS OF DATA COLLECTION: Continuous file beginning with
inception of Medicare program, July 1, 1966.
PURPOSE: To maintain information on the demographic and en-
titlement status of Medicare enrollees, used in the administration of
the Medicare program.
DESIGN: All Medicare enrollees.
CONTENT: State and county of residence of Medicare enrollees
and type of enrollment (i.e., Part A and/or Part B). Date of birth,
sex, race.
Medicare History Sample 1974 and Later
SPONSOR: Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA), De-
partment of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
YEARS OF DATA COLLECTION: The file is updated annually.
At present the years 1974-1981 are completed.
PURPOSE: The Medicare History Sample was developed to pro-
vide a longitudinal person-based data file for statistical research.
DESIGN: The Medicare History File is a 5°~70 sample of all Medicare
utilization records based on terminal digits of the Medicare claim
number. It is a longitudinal file by person that is updated periodically
to include records filed late and to maintain currency by year of
medical service.
CONTENT: The file contains demographic data, eligibility data,
and Medicare utilization information for a 5$to sample of beneficiaries.
Records for each stay in hospital or in an extended care facility are
added once each year. Summary records for the year are created from
physican payment records, home health bills, and outpatient bills and
included annually. The utilization data include charge amounts, type
of service, dates of service, and diagnoses.
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296 AGING POPULATION IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
TITLE: Medicare Part B (SMI) 5-Percent Sample BiB Sn~n
mary Record
SPONSOR: Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA), De
partment of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
YEARS OF DATA COLLECTION: 1976-83 tapes completed, an-
alytic studies ongoing. 1984 ongoing; budgeted and planned.
PURPOSE: To obtain timely data on the amount, type, place, and
cost of health care services used under the Supplementary Medical
Insurance (SM! Part B) Program.
DESIGN: A No sample of SM! bills is selected based on the ben-
eficiary's health insurance claim number. It is linked to the Health
Insurance Master File for additional beneficiary and provider infor-
mation.
CONTENT: Provides information identifying the beneficiary, the
physician/supplier, total charges, and reimbursements, as well as
data on type and place of service.
Medicare Reimbursement by State and County
SPONSOR: Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA), De-
partment of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
YEARS OF DATA COLLECTION:
Annually since July 1, 1966.
PURPOSE: To measure utilization of Medicare services.
DESIGN: All bills reimbursed under the Medicare program are
allocated to residence of the beneficiary annually.
CONTENT: The file shows reimbursement for residents of each
state and county enrolled in the Medicare program, as a grand total
and separately for the Hospital Insurance Program (HI) and the
Supplementary Medical Insurance Program (SMI).
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DESCRIPTIONS OF DATA BASES
National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey
(NAMCS)
SPONSOR: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), De-
partment of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
297
..~. .
YEARS OF DATA COLLECTION: Data collected annually from
1973 through 1981. Repeated in 1985 and scheduled on a triennial
basis thereafter. 1985 data will be released in fall 1986.
PURPOSE: To provide general purpose statistics describing the
public's use of office-based physician services, the health problems
presented to physicians by ambulatory patients, and the diagnostic
and therapeutic services received.
DESIGN: Universe: all patient visits to office-based physicians in
contiguous United States. Multistage sample design including 3,000
to 5,000 physicians in about 80 geographic areas. Probability sample,
response of approximately 75~o. Sample size 3,000 physicians, 50,000
patient visits through 1981. Sample size in 1985: 5,000 physicians,
75,000 visits.
CONTENT: Information includes patient age, sex, race, ethnicity,
and reason for visit; physician's diagnostic and therapeutic services
ordered or provided; diagnosis and disposition decision and drugs
prescribed. Variations from year to year are slight.
PUBLIC-USE DATA TAPES: For all years in which survey has
been completed.
TITLE:
National Data Base on Aging
Administration on Aging (AoA), Department of
Health and Human Services (DHHS)
YEARS OF DATA COLLECTION: Annually since 1981.
PURPOSE: The National Data Base on Aging is a voluntary an-
nual survey that collects information at the national level about the
network of state and area agency on aging programs.
DESIGN: Initial questionnaires were mailed to all 57 state units
and 666 area agencies in September 1981. State units are surveyed
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302
AGING POPULATION IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
DESIGN: Probability sample of the U.S. civilian noninstitutional-
ized population ages 1 through 74 years. Cross-sectional study of
31,973 persons of whom 23,808 were examined. Composed of two
overlapping sets of examination components referred to as the nutri-
tion examination and the detailed medical examination. Six distinct
probability samples were contained within the overall survey. This
study was used as the baseline for a later study called the NHANES
Epidemiologic Follow-up Survey.
CONTENT: Demographic information; medical histories; dietary
information; electrocardiograms; body measurements; dermatolog-
ical and ophthalmological examinations; general medical examina-
tion; hematological, blood chemistry, and urological laboratory de-
terminations. In the detailed medical examination, additional data
were collected on a subsample of adults 25-74 years by supplemen-
tary questionnaires concerning arthritis, respiratory conditions, and
cardiovascular conditions; an extended medical examination, x-rays
of the chest for heart size and pathology as well as lung volume
and pathology; x-rays of the hip, sacroiliac, and knee joints for as-
sessment of arthritic and related changes; spirometry and additional
laboratory determinations.
PUBLIC-USE DATA TAPES: Data tapes are available on virtually
ah the information collected in NHANES I. Data collected in the
HANES surveys can be located by means of HINDEX, available in
hard copy or on a floppy diskette. HINDEX has been released in
three volumes: one indexes the data items in alphabetical sort by
data category; the second is an alphabetical sort by data field; and
the third, a numerical sort by tape and position field.
TITLE: NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study: Ihitial
Follow-up, 1982-84
SPONSORS: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) with
National Institute on Aging and other Institutes
YEARS OF DATA COLLECTIONS: The NHANES ~ Epidem~o-
logic Follow-up Study: initial follow-up 1982-84; continued follow-up
of the elderly 1985-86; continued follow-up of total sample 1986-87;
data tapes will be available in 1990.
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DESCRIPTIONS OF DATA BASES
303
PURPOSE: Identify chronic disease risk factors associated with mor-
bidity and mortality; ascertain changes in risk factors, morbidity,
functional limitation and institutionalization between NHANES
and the follow-up recontacts; and map the natural history of chronic
diseases and functional impairments in an aging population.
DESIGN: The baseline survey, the first National Health and Nutri-
tion Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted by NCHS from 1971
to 1975 was a probability sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized
coterminous U.S. population ages 1-74 years. The population of the
follow-up study includes the 14,407 persons who were ages 25-74 at
the time they were examined in the original NHANES ~ Survey.
CONTENT: Demographic characteristics, labor force participa-
tion, income, acute and chronic conditions, activity limitations, im-
pairments, cognitive impairment, usual activity, changes in morbidity
and self-perceived health, activities of daily living, inpatient health
care utilization (hospital, nursing home, etc.~.
PUBLIC-USE DATA TAPES: Initial follow-up: tapes available
in 1987. Continue follow-up of elderly: tapes available in 1989.
Continued follow-up of total sample: tapes available in 1990.
TITLE:
National Master Facility Inventory (NMFI)
SPONSOR: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), De-
partment of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
YEARS OF DATA COLLECTION: Data were collected for the fol-
lowing years: 1963, 1967,1969, 1971, 1973, 1976, 1978, 1980, 1982.
The first report on data from the 1982 survey was published in
September 1985; the second will be published during 1986. Because
an evaluation of the NMFT program is under way, the inventory will
not be conducted before 1988.
PURPOSE: The NMFT has two basic purposes. It is an important
national source of statistics on the number, type, and geographic
distribution of inpatient facilities in the United States. In addition,
it serves as the universe from which probability samples are selected
for conducting sample surveys.
DESIGN: The NMFT is a comprehensive file of all facilities in the
United States with three or more beds that provide medical, nursing,
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304
AGING POPULATION IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
personal, or custodial care to groups of unrelated persons on an
inpatient basis. Facilities are categorized into three broad types:
hospitals, nursing and related care homes, and other custodial or
remedial care facilities.
CONTENT: Basically, the types of data collected for the three cat-
egories of facilities are: ownership; major type of service; number of
beds; patient census; number of admissions, discharges, and deaths;
and information about staffing, revenue, and expenses.
PUBLIC-USE DATA TAPES: For all years.
TITLE: National Medical Care Expenditures Survey
(NMCES), 1977-78, and National Medical E~en-
diture Survey (NMES, planned for 1987)
SPONSORS: National Center for Health Services Research and
Health Care Technology Assessment (NCHSR) and
National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)
(NMCES only), Health Care Financing Adminis-
tration(HCFA) (NMES only), Department of Health
and Human Services (DHHS)
YEARS OF DATA COLLECTION: NMCES consists of six rounds of
data collection covering an 18-month period between 1977 and part
of 1978. A 1987 National Medical Expenditure Survey (NMES) is
planned jointly with NCHSR and the Health Care Financing Admin-
istration. The household sample is expected to have about 14,000
households including oversamples of blacks, Hispanics, low-income
people and people with functional limitations. The Institutional
Population Component sample will include about 13,000 clients of
nursing and personal care homes, psychiatric hospitals, and facilities
for the mentally retarded.
PURPOSE: The National Medical Care Expenditures Survey was
designed to provide a comprehensive statistical picture of how health
services are used and paid for in the United States.
DESIGN: NMCES is a one-time panel sample that interviewed
about 40,000 persons in 14,000 randomly selected households in the
civilian, noninstitutionaTized population. The sample design is a
stratified, multistage, area probability sample that allows for the
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DESCRIPTIONS OF DATA BASES
305
determination of approximately unbiased estimates of health param-
eters at the national level. Respondents were interviewed six times
over an 18-month period during 1977 and 1978. The survey was
complemented by additional surveys of physicians and health care
facilities providing care to household members during 1977 and of
employers and insurance companies responsible for their insurance
coverage. The principal NMCES response rate was Who, defined as
the proportion of eligible first-round reporting units that responded
to all rounds of interviewing.
CONTENT: Data collected includes but is not limited to: expen-
ditures and sources of payment for all major forms of medical care;
sociodemographic and economic characteristics of respondents; in-
surance coverage of respondents; information from medical providers
about respondents; and access to medical care.
PUBLIC-USE DATA TAPES: NMCES available for person-based
information and on events of medical care. Additional public-use
files on insurance coverage, employer characteristics, and episodes of
illness will be available in the future.
TITLE: National Medical Care Utilization and Expenditure
Survey (NMCUES), 1980
SPONSORS: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) and
Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA)
YEARS OF DATA COLLECTION: 1980.
PURPOSE: NMCUES is designed to be directly responsive to the
continuing need for statistical information on the health care expen-
ditures associated with health services utilization for the entire U.S.
population. Cycle 1 was designed and conducted in collaboration
with the Health Care Financing Administration to provide detailed
utilization and expenditure data for persons in the Medicare and
Medicaid populations. NMCUES will produce estimates over time
for evaluation of the impact of legislation and programs on health
status, costs, utilization and illness-related behavior in the medical
care delivery system.
Cycle 1 was composed of several related surveys. The household
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306
AGING POPULATION IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
portion of the survey consisted of a national survey of the civil-
ian noninstitutionalized population and a separate survey of the
Medicaid-eligible populations of the states of New York, California,
Texas, and Michigan. These two surveys each consisted of five in-
terviews over a period of about 15 months to obtain information
on medical care utilization, expenditures, and other health-related
information. A third survey, an administrative records survey, was
designed to verify the eligibility status of the household survey re-
spondents for the Medicare and Medicaid programs. It also checked
insurance claims filed with the national Medicare program and Med-
icaid programs in each of the four states for persons in the sample of
Medicaid eligibles.
DESIGN: The national Cycle 1 household survey comprised per-
sons residing in about 6,000 households. The sample for this sur-
vey was a multistage area probability sample drawn from 106 pri-
mary sampling units representing the 50 states and the District of
Columbia. The state Medicaid household survey sample consisted of
about 1,000 families in each of the four states; these families were se-
lected with a known probability of selection from the state Medicaid
enrollment lists. Thus, the total sample for the survey was about
10,000 households.
An overall response rate of 89.4% was achieved in the first interview
for both household surveys in Cycle 1: for the national survey the
response rate was 91.4%, and for the state Medicaid survey the rate
was 86.7%. Attrition over the course of interviewing resulted in final
response rates of 84.9~o for the national household survey and 76.1~o
for the state Medicaid household survey.
CONTENT: Questionnaires for the household surveys were de-
signed to obtain some information on a repeated basis throughout
the survey and some information only one time. The repetitive core
of questions for Cycle 1 included health insurance coverage, episodes
of illness, the number of bed days, restricted activity days, hospital
admissions, physician and dental visits, other medical care encoun-
ters, and purchases of prescribed medicines. For each contact with
the medical care system, data were obtained on the nature of the
health conditions, characteristics of the provider, services provided,
charges, sources, and amounts of payment. Questions asked only
once included data on access to medical care services, limitation of
activities, occupation, income, and other sociodemographic charac-
teristics.
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DESCRIPTIONS OF DATA BASES
PUBLIC-USE DATA TAPES: Available.
307
TITLE: National Mortality Statistics File
SPONSOR: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), De-
partment of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
YEARS OF DATA COLLECTION: Data are collected annually.
Data through 1983 are available and will be published in annual
volumes of Vital Statistics of the United States, Vol. Il. "Mortality,"
Parts A and B. Summary counts of deaths by age, race, sex, and
cause are available on a current basis in Monthly Vital Statistics
Report, as are provisional monthly counts of deaths by cause.
PURPOSE:To produce uniform national, state, and local data on
numbers of deaths, causes of death, and sociodemographic charac-
teristics of decedents.
DESIGN: Mortality data include all deaths (approximately 2 mil-
lion) occurring annually within the United States reported to state
vital registration offices. In 1972, a 50~o sample of mortality data
was used; generally, however, 100~o of deaths are included. Data are
collected annually. Data are available for the entire U.S. annually
since 1933 and for selected states since 1900.
CONTENT: Demographic and medical information is coded from
information reported on the death certificate including residence,
age, race, sex, underlying cause of death, and multiple causes of
death.
PUBLIC-USE DATA TAPES: Available for data years 1963-83.
TITLE:
National Nursing Home Survey (NIGHS)
SPONSOR: National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), De-
partment of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
YEARS OF DATA COLLECTION: 1973-74, 1977, 1985, and pro-
posed for 1990.
PURPOSE: To collect data on nursing homes, their services, staffs,
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308
AGING POPULATION IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
and financial characteristics, and on personal and health character-
istics of residents and discharges.
DESIGN: Data are collected from a sample of all nursing homes
in the coterm~nous United States (1,200 nursing homes listed in the
Master Facility Inventory). Samples in each nursing home are se-
lected of current residents, persons discharged (deceased or alive in
the last year), and staff members. Data on residents and discharges
are collected by interviewing the nurse who obtains the needed infor-
mation from the medical records and the next of kin. Estimates are
produced for the United States, census regions, and DHHS regions,
ant] in 1977 for five states with the largest nursing home populations.
CONTENT: The survey collects data on characteristics of the fa-
cility and its finances, of residents, of discharges, and of staff, as
follows:
Facility: size, ownership, Medicare and Medicaid certifica-
tion, staffing patterns, and services offered.
Financial characteristics: Total expenses and major compo-
nents of operation.
Residents: Demographic characteristics, living arrangements
prior to admission, diagnosis and conditions, functional sta-
tus, receipt of services (medical, nursing, and therapeutic),
cost of care, source of payment.
Discharges: A subset of items collected for current residents
available from the record.
Staff: Data varied with survey. In 1985 survey, characteris-
tics of registered nurses- work schedule, experience, activi-
ties in facility, demographic characteristics, and salary were
collected.
Next of kin: Information about residents' and discharges'
living arrangements, health and functional status prior to
nursing home admission, lifetime use of nursing home care,
Medicaid spend-down.
PUBLIC-USE DATA TAPES: With the exception of individual or
establishment identifiers, all data collected are available on the public
use data tape.
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DESCRIPTIONS OF DATA BASES
309
TITLE: Statistics of Income: Individual Income Tax Returns
SPONSOR: Internal Revenue Service (IRS)
YEARS OF DATA COLLECTION: Data are collected for each tax
year. Individual income tax data are currently available for tax
years 1913 through 1983. These data will continue to be collected,
processed, and published in future years.
PURPOSE: The production of individual income tax statistics was
authorized by the Revenue Act of 1916. Statistics of income data are
used by a variety of agencies for tax system and economic analyses.
DESIGN: Statistics of income data are estimated from a stratified
probability sample of income tax returns and supporting schedules
filed with the Internal Revenue Service. The sample is based on
such criteria as: principal business activity; presence or absence of
a schedule; state from which filed; size of adjusted gross income (or
deficit) or largest of specific income (or loss) items; total assets or
size of business and farm receipts. The sample size alternates from
80,000 to 120,000 returns each year, selected from a population of
approximately 96 million returns. Special searches are conducted for
returns selected so that any bias from nonresponse is minimal. A
large proportion of the sample is longitudinal and research on the
longitudinal design of the sample is being conducted. The individual
income tax returns sample does not make use of data linked to other
files, however, certain other statistics of income studies do use linked
data files.
CONTENT: Data relative to taxpayers' income, exemptions, de-
ductions, credits, and tax are collected. Due to changes in tax laws,
items collected vary from tax year to tax year.
PUBLIC-USE DATA TAPES: Available on a reimbursable basis.
TITLE: Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP)
SPONSOR: Bureau of the Census
YEARS OF DATA COLLECTION: The initial interviews for the
1984 panel began in October 1983. Seven of nine proposed waves of
the 1984 panel have been completed. In February 1985 a new panel
began and three waves of interviewing have been completed. A new
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310
AGING POPULATION IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
pane! will be implemented each February. The first five quarterly
reports third quarter 1983, fourth quarter 1983, first quarter 1984,
second quarter 1984, and third quarter 1985 have been released.
PURPOSE: The objectives of SIPP include the collection of data on
cash and noncash income for the purpose of studying the efficiency
of transfer and service programs, the estimation of future program
costs and coverage, and the assessment of the effects of proposed
policy changes. SIPP will also satisfy the need for improved data on
the economic situation of persons and families in the United States
to produce improved est~rnates of the distribution of income, poverty,
and wealth.
DESIGN: SIPP started in October 1983 as an ongoing nationally
representative survey of the Bureau of the Census with one sample
pane! of approximately 21,000 households in 174 primary sample
units selected to represent the noninstitutional population of the
United States. The sample design is self-weighting.
Each household is interviewed once every 4 months for 2 2/3 years
to produce sufficient data for longitudinal analyses while providing a
relatively short recall period for reporting monthly income and labor
force activity. The reference period for the principal survey items is
the four months preceding the interview.
Each February a new pane! goes into the field with a sample size
of about 15,000 households. Members of each pane! go through
eight interviews or waves. In order to spread! the workload for the
field staff, members of each pane! are divided into four groups of
equal size called rotation groups. Each month in turn one rotation
group receives its interview. Thus the four month relevance period
is different for each rotation group.
At this time, cross-sectional unit noninterview rates are available for
the first two waves of SIPP. Unit noninterview rates provide a mea-
sure of the success/failure of the SIPP field work. While refusals are
the largest part of the type A rate, it also includes "no one home" and
"temporarily absent" households. In Wave 1 (all rotation groups),
the mean type A rate was 4.~%; in Wave 2, 3.7%, in Wave 3, 5 Who.
The cumulative Type A rate after 3 interviews is approximately 12~o.
A study has been implemented to validate electronically reported
social security numbers (SSN), to manually search for SSNs not
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DESCRIPTIONS OF DATA BASES
311
reported correctly, and to use the pane! aspect of the SIPP to cor-
rect and verify a respondent's SSN. Having established the link for
matching activities, work is now proceeding on identifying content
and availability of administrative record systems for use in: (a) data
augmentation for research and estimates and (b) survey data evalu-
ation.
Another aspect of this work is the development of a demonstration
and feasibility study to evaluate SIPP data from Waves 1 and 2 using
several federal administrative record systems such as the Master
Beneficiary Record (SSA), and the Supplemental Security Record
(SSA).
CONTENT: The content of SIPP was developed around a "core" of
labor force and income questions designed to measure the econorn~c
situation of persons ages 15 and over in the United States. These
questions expand the data currently available on the distribution
of cash and noncash income and are repeated at each interviewing
wave.
Specific questions are asked about the types of income received,
including transfer payments and noncash benefits from various pro-
grams, disability, assets and liabilities, pension coverage, taxes, and
many other items, for each month of the reference period, as well
as labor force status, which is collected on a weekly basis. A few
questions on private health insurance coverage are also included in
the core.
The SIPP has been designed to provide a broader context for analysis
by adding questions on a variety of topics not covered in the core
section. These questions are labeled "fixed topical modules" and are
assigned to particular interviewing waves of the survey. For example,
questions are asked about health and disability in the third interview
of the 1984 panel, and questions are asked about the value of assets
and liabilities in the fourth interview of the 1984 panel. If more than
one observation is needed, questions on one wave may be repeated
on a later wave.
In response to program plannir g and policy analysis data require-
ments, the final component of the SIPP content consists of modules of
questions designed in consultation with other federal agencies. These
variable topical modules are designed to be flexible and to meet im-
mediate policy analysis needs. For example, Wave 4 includes data
on pension plan coverage and retirement plans and expectations.
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AGING POPULATION IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY
PUBLIC-USE DATA TAPES: SIPP micro data files for Waves 1-4
of the 1984 panel have been released.
TITLE:
Yearly Continuous Disability History Sample (CDHS)
SPONSOR: Social Security Administration (SSA), Department of
Health and Human Services (DHHS)
YEARS OF DATA COLLECTION: Annually since 1975. The latest
available file is for 1983.
PURPOSE: To furnish statistics on the operations of the social se-
curity disability program and the characteristics of the claimant
population.
DESIGN: The CDHS is a yearly 20~o simple random sample of
initial disability claims processed by the Social Security Adminis-
tration. The 1983 sample contained approximately 300,000 records.
The sample is linked to the Master Beneficiary Record (MBR) and
the Summary Earnings Record (SER).
CONTENT: The basic data set comprises: personal characteris-
tics sex, race, date of birth, occupation; agency decision allowance/
denial, legal basis, medical diagnosis, onset date; payment history-
worker and family payments; annual earnings.
See Division of Disability Studies, Users' Manual for the 1976 Con-
tinuous Disability History Sample (CDHS) Restricted Use Data File.
Representative terms from entire chapter:
health statistics
