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OCR for page 58
shake table that is 5 feet deep and movable with a retaining
wall at one end.
PUBLICATIONS: Independent reports, some in journals.
UNIVERSITY OF
WISCONSIN-MADISON
THE ACID DEPOSITION
RESEARCH PROGRAM
Engineering Experiment Station
Engineering Research Building
1500 Johnson Drive
Madison, WI 53706
608/263-1601
CONTACT: Clayton Smith, Assistant Dean
MISSION AND FOCUS OF RESEARCH: Related work focuses on
structures design; extensive work with materials and their
strength, including steel, concrete, wood, and composites; and
designing solar systems for heating and cooling. Facilities
include computers for modeling and facilities for structures and
materials testing. The college has a staff of 200 faculty
members, 1,000 graduate students, and 300 supporting staff.
They work with a $26 million research budget, an increasing
percentage of which is allocated to building-related research.
Budget sources are 60 percent federal government, 25-30 percent
industry, and the rest from foundations and internal sources.
PUBLICATIONS: Journals and reports.
FEDERAL ~O^TORY PROFILES
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
RD 680
401 M Street, SW
Washington, DC 20460
CONTACT: Barbara Levinson, Program Manager
MISSION AND FOCUS OF RESEARCH: The Acid Deposition Research
Provision (ADRP) is part of the National Acid Rain Precipitation
Assessment Program, the members of which include the National
Park Service, the Bureau of Mines, and the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA). The EPA uses both laboratory and field
exposures to study the relationship between acid rain and
materials damage. Special attention is focused on the
degradation of paint and metals. Work is also being done on
estimating how many materials are at risk from acid rain damage,
and the potential costs. Research findings may include
information on weathering of certain materials and the means to
measure paint damage over time. EPA'S 1987 budget for this
program is $2.7 million. Most of the damage function research
is being done at EPA's Atmospheric Sciences Laboratory in
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Research Triangle Park, North Carolina. The inventory of
painted surfaces is being done through EPA's Environmental
Monitoring Lab In Las Vegas, Nevada.
ACID RAIN RESEARCH
PROGRAM
AIR AND ENERGY
ENGINEERING
RESEARCH LABORATORY
ENVIRONMENTAL
MONITORING
SYSTEMS LABORATORY
HEALTH EFFECTS RESEARCH
LABORATORY
National Park Service
P.O. Box 37127
Washington, DC 20013
202/343-1055
CONTACT: Susan Sherwood, Cultural Resources, Acid Rain
MISSION AND FOCUS OF RESEARCH: The program studies the
effects of air pollution on building stone and bronze,
especially in historic buildings and statues. Based on a budget
of $800,000 per year for 10 years, research is contracted to
federal and academic laboratories. The program is part of the
National Acid Rain Precipitation Assessment Program.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Research Triangle Park, NC 27711
919/541-2821
W. Gene Tucker, Chief, Indoor Air
Branch, Combustion and Indoor Air
Division, Air and Energy Engineering
Research Laboratory
MISSION AND FOCUS OF RESEARCH: The three laboratories at
Research Triangle Park work together on the EPA's Indoor Air
Quality Program. Major research areas include development of
methods to measure indoor air quality; testing of emissions from
indoor sources such as building materials, furnishings, and
combustion devices; development and testing of indoor air
pollutant control methods, especially for radon; research on the
health effects of indoor air pollutant mixtures; and monitoring
of indoor air quality in buildings to estimate indoor air
pollutant exposures. Research results are published in the
research literature and in public information documents.
On-site facilities are used for some research, but the majority
is done through contractual arrangements with universities and
R&D organizations. An annual budget of approximately $2 million
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is devoted to indoor air quality R&D. An additional $1.5
million is applied to the development and testing of radon
reduction techniques for homes.
PUBLICATIONS: Technical journals and EPA publications.
BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL
I^BORATORY
(Polymer-Concrete
Development Laboratory)
BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL
LABORATORY
(Test House and Space
Conditioning Equipment
Laboratories)
U.S. Department of Energy
Department of Applied Sciences
Building 526
Upton, NY 11973
516/282-3036
CONTACT: Meyer Steinberg, Head of Process
Sciences Division
MISSION AND FOCUS OF RESEARCH: Brookhaven maintains a test
facility to perform basic and applied research on materials that
are composites of polymer and aggregate. The lab has been
responsible for the development of polymer concrete and pipe
coatings ant! aggregates bound with resin. Materials are
primarily used in pipes and wells to resist acids, alkalis, and
chemicals.
Department of Applied Sciences
Building 120
Upton, NY 11973
516/282-7726
CONTACT: John Andrews, Head,
Architectural and Building Systems Group
MISSION AND FOCUS OF RESEARCH: Broo~aven has developed a
case study approach to testing and monitoring alternative
building methods for energy efficiency. The lab continuously
monitors test houses and conducts energy analysis using a
variety of materials and methods of construction, including an
international housing village to test the efficiency of building
methods of other countries. Brookhaven also manages a Heat Pump
Laboratory, which can be used for transient or steady-state
tests of liquid-source heat pumps or of individual heat pump
components, and a Combustion Equipment Technological Laboratory
to measure performance and thermal efficiency of oil- and
gas-fired furnaces and boilers. The staff at this facility
numbers 20 with a budget of $2 million.
PUBLICATIONS: Lab reports, professional journals, and
conference publications.
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CENTER FOR BUILDING
TECHNOLOGY
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Building 225
Gaithersburg, MD 20899
301/975-5900
CONTACT: Richard N. Wright, Director
Charles Culver, Chief, Structures Division
James E. Hill, Chief, Building Environment Division
Geoffrey Frohnsdorff, Chief, Building Materials
Division
MISSION AND FOCUS OF RESEARCH: The center's three
divisions--Structures, Building Environment, and Building
Materials--perform analytical, laboratory, and field research in
areas of engineering and science pertinent to the usefulness,
safety, and economy of buildings. The center also develops
technology to predict, measure, and test the performance of
building materials, components, and practices. Descriptions of
each div~sion's facilities follow.
The budget for 1987 is about $12 million. One-third of
this is directly appropriated by the Congress while the
remainder comes from other federal agencies. The center has a
staff of about 150, of which 100 are professionals, half of whom
hold doctorates.
Structures Division This division seeks to increase the
productivity and safety of building construction by providing
the basis for improved structural and earthquake criteria. Its
laboratory includes a large-scale structural testing facility
with a 12-million-pound universal testing machine, capable of
simulating axial and lateral loads simultaneously on large-scale
components up to 60-feet tall; a computer-controlled
tri-directional structural testing facility, capable of applying
loads simultaneously in three directions, which can study
earthquake and wind effects; and a test floor on which beams,
slabs, frames, or complete structures can be submitted to static
loads or cyclic loading up to 50,000 pounds.
Building Environment Division This division attempts to
reduce the cost of designing and operating buildings and to
increase the international competitiveness of the U.S. building
industry by providing modeling, measurement, and test methods
needed to use advanced computation and automation effectively in
construction, improve the quality of the indoor environment, and
improve performance of building equipment. Computer-integrated
construction is an expanding field. Facilities include a
passive solar test house, solar calorimeters, six single-room
environmental test houses, and solar collectors. A large
environmental chamber, 14.9 x 12.8 x 9.5 meters high, is capable
of testing two-story houses under simulated environmental
conditions. Its earth floor can be excavated as needed for
construction. A wide range of environments is possible, and the
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large chamber has been used to test buildings, special
structures, and equipment in extreme climatic conditions. A
guarded hot plate for measuring insulation performance and a
calibrated hot box for studies of roof and wall sections are
available. Test buildings are used and field testing is also
carried out. Lighting facilities include a spectroradiometer
and indoor and daylighting laboratories, as well as field
instrumentation. The Plumbing Research Laboratory is a
five-story facility using high-speed, preprogrammed data
acquisition to study the performance of water supply and waste
drainage systems.
Building Matenals Division The division attempts to reduce
building costs and increase building quality by providing
technical bases for selecting the most cost-effective
materials. They provide a technical base for selecting cost
effective materials for buildings, and for standards, although
the work may be years ahead of the actual standards. Research is
related to the prediction of the service life of building
materials. The organic materials laboratory studies paints,
coatings, and roofing materials, with an emphasis on image
analysis to predict the service life of building materials. The
inorganic materials laboratory does advanced work in studying
the chemical and physical changes that occur when cement reacts
with water, using mathematical models and aiming at predictive
modeling of the lifetime of concrete. Image analysis is used to
study the growth of rust spots under coatings. Equipment
includes an X-ray Refractometer, scanning electron microscope,
spectrophotometers, thermal analysis equipment, and very precise
calorimeters.
The Construction Materials Reference Laboratories which are a
part of this division conduct inspections at commercial test
laboratories and private companies, acting as a contract
advisory service. About 30 of the division's staff who provide
this service are guest researchers from ASTM and AASHTO.
DISTINCTIVE ATTRIBUTES: The center is the only
comprehensive building research laboratory in the United States.
Several of the center's facilities are notable as either being
the largest in the world, or the most precise or universal in
capabilities of testing and measurement. The large-scale
structural testing apparatus and the tri-directional test
facility, used in earthquake testing; the large environmental
chamber; and the hot box and hotplate, used to develop test
standards, are examples.
PUBLICATIONS: Publishes its own reports, project summaries,
and lists of publications, including the Building Science
~ .
series.
62
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CENTER FOR FIRE
RESEARCH
NAVAL CIVIL
ENGINEERING
I^BORATORY
National Institute of Standards and Technology
Room A247-Polymers Building
Gaithersburg, MD 20899
301/975-6850
CONTACT: Jim Winger, Deputy Director
MISSION AND FOCUS OF RESEARCH: The center is engaged in the
development of standard test methods to evaluate the physics and
chemistry of fire, and determine the objective criteria for fire
hazards using computer models. As a result of the technical
work done at the center, local, state, and federal standards and
codes for fire are established and reviewed regularly. The
center also evaluates technologies for use in fire suppression
and extinguishment, and also for lessening the effects and
impacts of smoke and toxic gases.
DISTINCTIVE ATTRIBUTES: The center attempts to pull
together all aspects of fire hazard assessment and studies of
degradation of polymers in fire.
PUBLICATIONS: Professional and trade publications, NST
reports, and a variety of government reports.
U.S. Navy
LO3C
Port Hueneme, CA 93043
805/982-4520
CONTACT: Robert Storer, Technical Director
MISSION AND FOCUS OF RESEARCH: NCEL conducts research on
shore and offshore facilities for the Navy and Marine Corps with
an annual budget of approximately $50 million. Building-related
research includes work on physical security; nondestructive
testing; development of alternative coatings to protect wood and
metal from corrosive environments; paint, roofing, and pavement
materials research; ventilation and cooling of buildings;
passive solar structures; building thermal diagnostics; energy
control systems; and design criteria for buildings under all
types of loadings.
The facilities include an advanced energy utilization test
bed; an applied mechanics laboratory with simulated shock and
vibration facilities, as well as a wind tunnel; an electric
power laboratory; an optical metrology laboratory to conduct
optical mechanics studies of stress, strain, and deflection; a
soil mechanics laboratory for evaluation of soil mechanics,
foundations and pavements; a materials laboratory to investigate
organic coatings, plastics, metals, alloys, concrete, composite
materials, and chemical problems related to environmental
protection; and a pavement-loading facility that can apply loads
up to 100,000 pounds to pavement in order to determine
load-carrying capacities.
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DISTINCTIVE ATTRIBUTES: NCEL contains one of the largest
pressure chambers In the world for testing structures under high
pressure. The laboratory has on staff some of the best experts
in the nation on blast effects and has extensive capabilities
for subjecting structures to blasts.
PUBLICATIONS: Technical journals, technical reports, and
Tech Data sheets.
COLD REGIONS
RESEARCH AND
ENGINEERING LABORATORY
CONSTRUCTION
ENGINEERING
RESEARCH LABORATORY
(CERL)
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
72 Lyme Road
Hanover, NH 03755
603/646-4100
CONTACT: Andrew Assur, Chief Scientist
MISSION AND FOCUS OF RESEARCH: CRREL studies the
characteristics of cold regions and applies this knowledge to
the improvement of the living and work environments of people ~
cold climates. The main laboratory of CRREL houses 24 room-size
refrigerated laboratories, many capable of achieving
temperatures of -30°C. An ice engineering research facility
studies problems caused by ice in waterways. A newly completed
frost effects research facility studies frost action in soils
and below-freezing testing of pavements, foundations, and
underground utilities.
DISTINCTIVE ATTRIBUTES: One of the few laboratories with
extensive facilities focused on cold regions research.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
P.O. Box 4005
Champaign, IL 61820
800/872-2375
CONTACT: D. P. Mann, Information Management Office
Gilbert Williamson, Energy Systems Division
Robert Quattrone,
Engineering and Materials Division
Ravinder Jain, Environmental Division
Edward Lotz, acility Systems Division
MISSION AND FOCUS OF RESEARCH: CERL conducts research to
support the Armies military construction mission. Major
research areas include new engineering practices and materials
for construction, energr conservation and management,
conservation of the environment, and the use of computers for
managing the building resources at Army installations.
CERL works through four divisions: (1) the Facilities
Systems Division, including computer-aided design and
specifications work; (2) Engineering and Materials Division,
64
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including concrete mixtures and underground corrosion work; (3)
Environmental Division, including noise standards; and (43
Engineering Systems Division, including computer simulations for
buildings. CERL has a staff of 660 and a budget of $40 million
of research; it is one of four major corps laboratories in the
United States.
DIRECTORATE OF
ENGINEERING
AND SERVICES
NAVAL FACILITIES
ENGINEERING COMMAND
U.S. Department of the Air Force
HO USAF/L-Pentagon
Washington, DC 20330-5130
202/697-7366
CONTACT: Joseph A. Ahearn, Director
J. B. Cole, Associate Director
MISSION AND FOCUS OF RESEARCH: The directorate is
responsible for the planning, design, and construction of Air
Force facilities worldwide, including a wide variety of
facilities such as operational, administrative, religious,
educational, recreational, industrial, housing, commissaries,
exchanges, utility systems, etc. The directorate develops and
issues broad program goals and guidance to field offices, which
are responsible for the daily program development and execution.
PUBLICATIONS: Air Force manuals, regulations, and
pamphlets.
U.S. Department of Navy
Engineering and Design Criteria
Management Division
200 Stovall St.
Alexandria, VA 22332
703/325-0032
CONTACT: Harry Zimmerman, Assistant Commander
for Engineering and Design
MISSION AND FOCUS OF RESEARCH: The division develops and
reviews architectural and engineering policies, criteria, and
practices for the economical design and construction of shore
facilities and fixed ocean structures to satisfy the
functional/operational requirements in the best manner
possible. The division also provides standard drawings and
specifications, and directs and reviews all engineering and
design efforts. Design and control of new and emerging
technologies from project inception are other responsibilities
of the division.
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ENGINEERING AND
SERVICES CENTER
U.S. ARMY
WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT
STATION
U.S. Air Force
Tyndall Air Force Base, FL 32403
904/283-6310
CONTACT: James R. Van Orman, Deputy Director
MISSION AND FOCUS OF RESEARCH: Primary research efforts are
directed toward special requirements for blast and shock
resistance for U.S. Air Force buildings and facilities,
including novel, protective structures for durability, blast,
and penetration resistance; noise and sonic boom effects; and
basic security, involving building components such as windows.
The security of energy sources and the provision of redundant
and self-contained sources, as well as of radioluminescent
lighting, are of interest. Fire protection is an additional
research concern. Environmental quality that relates to special
Air Force requirements is also a subject of research. The total
annual budget is $30 million with $3 million allocated to
structures research.
DISTINCTIVE ATTRIBUTES: Remote site generation, use of
energy, and exploration of uses of radioluminescence.
PUBLICATIONS: Defense Technical Information Center.
Structures Laboratory
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
P.O. Box 631
Vicksburg, MS 39180
601/634-3264
CONTACT: Bryant Mather, Chief,
Structures Lab, CEWES-SV-Z
MISSION AND FOCUS OF RESEARCH: Major activities of the
Structures Laboratory include: research and development
concerned with the behavior of concrete materials, elements, and
structures; repair of concrete structures under in-use
conditions; the resistance of such structures to dynamic forces
such as earthquakes; effects of nuclear and conventional weapons
detonated aboveground and underwater; design of protective
structures and determination of their vulnerability; use of
explosive technology for countermobility and mine field
clearing; behavior of earth and rock subjected to intense
transient loading; development of constitutive property
definitions; and mathematical models to simulate behavior of
geological materials.
DISTINCTIVE ATTRIBUTES: Dynamic force testing.
PUBLICATIONS: Defense Technical Information Center
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NAVAL EXPLOSIVE
ORDNANCE DISPOSAL
TECHNOLOGY CENTER
FOREST PRODUCTS
I^BORATORY
(Forest Service)
LAWRENCE BERKELEY
I^BORATORY, CENTER FOR
BUILDING SCIENCES
U.S. Navy
Indian Head, MD 20640
301/743-41439
CONTACT: G. Burt Stephenson,
Associate Technical Director
MISSION AND FOCUS OF RESEARCH: The center addresses matters
relating to explosive devices, explosive effects, and
countermeasures. The question of Image mitigation in relation
to buildings is also addressed.
DISTINCTIVE ATTRIBUTES: The consideration of building
design in relation to the potential effects of explosives.
U.S. Department of Agriculture
One Gifford Pinchot Drive
Madison, WI 53705
608/2645600
CONTACT: Erwin L. Schaffer, Assistant
Director, Wood Products Research
MISSION AND FOCUS OF RESEARCH: The Laboratory works to
ensure the most efficient use of wood and wood resources. With
regard to the use of wood products in buildings, research
emphasizes using materials more effectively, improving
structural integrity, increasing energy efficiency and
developing more fire-safe products and structures. Research on
the properties, design and performance of engineered wood
structures and components is also performed. A current
objective is the discovery and development of new concepts and
procedures for preserving wood from biodegradation. Composite
products and adhesives are studied. Future research will be
shaped by the characterization of the chemical, physical, and
mechanical properties of adhesives during and after bonding, and
of bonded structures during exposure in service.
The laboratory is operated and maintained in cooperation
with the University of Wisconsin, where it is housed in 10
buildings on 22 acres; employs a staff of 300, 100 of whom are
scientists and technical professionals; and has an annual budget
of approximately $15 million.
U.S. Department of Energy
University of California
Berkeley, CA 94720
415/486-4834
CONTACT: Arthur H. Rosenfeld, Director
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MISSION AND FOCUS OF RESEARCH: The center's major objective
is to investigate ways of reducing energy consumption in
buildings. The center coordinates 300 staff members and $12.5
million in an effort that includes research on energy analysis,
indoor environments, solar energy and windows, and daylighting.
Emphasis is on research that will transfer quickly into the
commercial market. LBL's energy analysis program continues to
improve its DOE-2 computer model for predicting energy use in
buildings. Other facilities include a mobile infUtration/test
unit, a mobile window thermal test facility (MoWiTT), a
room-size environmental chamber for studying emissions from
consumer products, a sky simulator for studying different
arrangements of windows to maximize building light without
decreasing thermal efficiency, and a lighting technology lab for
testing output and energy use of building lamps. A complete set
of portable air quality monitoring equipment is also available.
DISTINCTIVE ATTRIBUTES: The center has the ability to
instrument buildings for research into many different aspects of
energy performance.
PUBLICATIONS: Technical journals, books, and in-house
reports.
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL
LABORATORY,
BUILDINGS RESEARCH
PROGRAM
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Building 4500N, MS-188
Oak Ridge, TN 37831
615/574-5204
CONTACT: Roger Carlsmith, Director of
Conservation and Renewable Energy Programs
MISSION AND FOCUS OF RESEARCH: ORAL works on improving
energy efficiency in new and existing buildings in five major
areas: building equipment, especially in developing more
efficient heat pumps and appliances; roofs, especially flat or
low-slope roofs for commercial buildings, as well as analysis
and development of energy, mechanics, and maintenance aspects;
thermal envelopes, including the study of thermal anomalies,
thermal mass considerations, and diagnostic procedures of energy
efficiency; retrofit; and conservation, including responsibility
for the Residential Conservation Service (RCS), which provides
information on technical issues to utilities.
Facilities include a roof test facility and an
indoor-outdoor environmental chamber. Three test buildings at
the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, the Tennessee Energy
Conservation in Housing (TECH), are used for the investigation
of building equipment. Retrofit options are tested in three
houses in the Karns community, a subdivision near Oak Ridge.
The end-use efficiency studies make up about 10 percent of
the Department of Energy's budget for ORNL. Much of the
research work is subcontracted to industry on a cost-sharing
percentage basis.
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DISTINCTIVE ASPECTS: Major improvements in the technology
of gas-fired heat pumps have made them more promising for
greatly increased residential and commercial use.
PUBLICATIONS: Topical reports on which abstracts are
available.
BAITELLE-PACIFIC
NORTHWEST LABORATORIES
SOLAR ENERGY RESEARCH
INSTITUTE
U.S. Department of Energy
P.O. Box 999
Richland, WA 99352
(509) 375-4359
CONTACT: R. William Reilly, Director,
Energy Systems Department
MISSION AND FOCUS OF RESEARCH: Battelle's emphasis is on
the evaluation of energy use in commercial and industrial
buildings. Energy performance monitors that use low-cost
data-logg~ng instruments are used to determine energy use and
air quality. These instruments and computer analyses help
determine the effects of building changes and air exchange rate
reductions. Work is done on new building design for energy
efficiency as well as on retrofit. Mobile homes are also
monitored. The Department of Energy maintains a $100-million
laboratory facility and Battelle Memorial Institute supports $45
million in laboratory work.
PUBLICATIONS: Technical journals.
U.S. Department of Energy
1617 Cole Boulevard
Golden, CO 80401
303/231-7115
CONTACT: Steve Rubin, Technical Inquiries Service
Larry Flowers, Technical Program Integrator
Tom Potter, Leader, Conservation Programs
MISSION AND FOCUS OR RESEARCH: Serving as the national center
for solar energy research, the institute maintains more than 50
specialized laboratories and test facilities for research by the
private sector and universities into various components of
production, storage, and uses of solar energy in a variety of
applications. Laboratories aimed at building research include
the thermal analysis laboratory, the cooling laboratory, the low
temperature heat/mass transfer laboratory, and a materials
laboratory that is involved with elements such as glass and
various approaches to glazing.
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PUBLICATIONS: All publications are available through U.S.
Government Printing Office and National Technical Information
Center.
WATER ENGINEERING
RESEARCH LABORATORY
TAIT LABORATORY
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati, OH 45268
513/569-7509
CONTACT: Roger Wilmuth, Chief, Manufacturing and
Services Industries Bureau
MISSION AND FOCUS OR RESEARCH: The lab's emphasis is on the
efficient and effective removal of asbestos with minimum
environmental impact, which includes the evaluation of control
methods. Currently there is a staff of four, with a budget of
$500,000 in agency funds.
DISTINCTIVE ATTRIBUTES: The only group evaluating control
technologies for asbestos.
PUBLICATIONS: Available through National Technical
Information Service.
National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health (NIOSH)
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
4676 Columbia Parkway
Cincinnati, OH 45226
513/841-4221
CONTACT: James Gideon, Chief, Engineering
Control Technology Branch
MISSION AND FOCUS OF RESEARCH: Taft Laboratory evaluates
control techniques and technologies used for the removal of
asbestos. Agency funds supply a budget of $100,000, with an
additional $25,000 from the Environmental Protection Agency.
DISTINCTIVE ATTRIBUTES: Use of electron microscopy and
aggressive sampling to determine clearance.
PUBLICATIONS: NIOSH and NTIS technical reports are used, as
well as the American Industrial Hygiene Association Joumal
and the Applied Industrial Hygiene Journal.
70
Representative terms from entire chapter:
facilities include
