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OCR for page 173
APPENDIX 6. CHRONOLOGY OF MAJOR FEDERAL LAWS RELATING TO ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND HEALTH
Y&AR NAME (Citation) ADttINISTERlNG AGENCY SUGARY OF PURPOSE
1934 Fish and Wildlife Coordination Fish and Wildlife Service Ensure ~tiditfe conservation needs receive
Act (16 U.S.C. 661 et seq.) s~ency^consideration when water-related infracts
will result from federal projects. Fish and
Ntiditte Service and state wildlife agencies
can recommend ~ot1ficat10ns of projects to
reduce impacts on w, ldl t fe habi tat.
193E Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Food end Drug Admintstretton Regulates foods, drugs, cosmetics, medical
Act (21 U.S.C. 348 et seq.) devices, and substances therein.
1947 Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, invirorsiental Protection Required all pesticides to be registered
and Rodenticide Act (7 U.S.C. Agency prior to sale and be properly labeled for use.
136 et seq.)
1960 Federal Hazardous Substances Act Consuner Product Safety Regulates consuner product hazards. Toxic
( 1 5 U. S. C. 1261 -1273) Comntsston corrosive, flammable , co rbustible, or
irritation substances that nay cause ~substenti
111ness from Pcust~ry or reasonably
foreseeable" use; toys or ertkles intended for
use by children presenting an "electrical
mechanical, or thermal hazard, or which bear
or contain hazardous substances.
1963 Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. £nY1rorYnenta1 Protection Authorket direct greets to state and local
1857 et seq.) Agency governments for air pollution control
established federal enforcement In interstate
air pollution; d1rec ted For research efforts
Into motor vehicle exhaust. removal of sul fur
from fuel, and the development of air qus1tty
criteria.
1965 Clean Air Act h~endnent Environn~entat Protection Title I: Motor Vehicle Air Pollution Control
Agency kit (P.L. 89-272)--directed federal regulation
of Motor vehicle exhaust.
1965 Solid Waste Disposal Act Environmental Protection Established program of federal research
(42 U.S.C. 3251 et seq.) Agency ant grants-1Q-aid in solid waste disposal.
196? Air Quality Act £nvirornentat Protection Established program of cr1terla and standards
(42 U.S.C. 1857 et seq.) Agency development and enforcement to control air
pollution; set up air quality regions; overall
strengthening of the federal role.
1969 National En~lronmen~l Policy Council on Environmental Created the Council on Environmental Qusilty
Act (NEPA) (42 U.S.C. 4321 Quality to advise the President; required environmental
et seq. ) impact statements before - Jor actions--
~balanc~ng analysis. in which economic and
- social benefl ts are we] Shed agai nst envl rodents
costs. Priory purpose to reduce the de-
gradetlon of the Huron envirorenent and achieve
~ balance between development and resource use.
1969 Federal Coal MlneHealthand Department of Labor Promulgated and revtsed~ndatory health end
Safety Act ( 15 U. S. C . 633, 636 i safety standards .
30 U.S.C. 801 et seq.)
1970 Clean AlrActAmendment Environmental Protection Strengthened and expanded air pollution control
Agency acitYltles; pieced broad regulatory responsi--
bitfty in new Environmental Protection Agency
in operettas as of December 2, 1970.
1970 Resource Recovery Act £nv1roreaente1 Protect10n Shifted emphasis from solid waste disposal to
(42 U.S.C. 3251 et seq.) Agency overall problems of control, recovery, and
recycling of testes.
1970 Occupet10nel Sefety and Occupattonal Safety and Provided federal program of rcseerch, stenderd-
Heelth let (29 U.S.C. Health Ad~1nistrat10n setting, ant enforcement to assure safe and
651 et seq.) healthful conditions for all Workers.
s . ~ . ,
- rrepered for the Comnittee by Allyn Portlier.
B-1
OCR for page 174
APPENDIX B (cont'd.). CHRONOLOGY OF MAJOR FEDERAL LAWS RELATING TO ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY Ar`D HEALTH
t£AR HAME(Citetlon) ADMlIdIST£RING AGENCY SUMMARY OF PURPOSE
1972 Noise Control Act (42 U.S.C.
~901 et seq. )
1972 Consumer Product Safety Act
ant Major Amendments ~ n
1S76, 1977, and 1978
(15 U.S.C. 2051 et seq. )
1972 Bleck Lung Benefits Act
(30 U.S.C. 901 et seq.)
1972 Federal EnY1 roanentat
Pesticide Control Act
(7 U.S.C. 136-136y)
1972 Marine Protection, Research, and
Sanctuaries Act of 1972 (33 U.S.C.
1401 et seq.)
1972 Coastal Zone Management Act
(16 U.S.C. 1451 et seq. )
Requires reauthori zati on
in t980.
1973 Endangered Species Act,
Amended in 1974 (16 U.S.C.
1531etseq.)
1974 Energy Supply and Environment
Coordination Act (15 U.S.C.
791-798)
1974 Safe Dr] nki ng Water Act, Amended
in 1977 (42 U.S.C. 300 et seq. )
EnYi ronmental Protecti on
Agency
Consumer Product Safety
Cocci ssion (CPSC)
Department of Labor
Env] ror~ental Protect1 on
Agency
£nv1ronmental Protection
Agency
Office of Coastal Zone
Management, Department of
Coanerce
Fish and Wildlife Service,
Department of the Interi or
Environmental Protection
Agency
Environmental Protection
Agency
1975 Transportation Safety Act Department of
(49 U.S.C. 1801-1812) Transportation
Authorked broad federal program to coordinate
noise research and control activities,
estat1 ish standards, and improve publ ic
i nfonnati on .
Expanded and strengthened federal role in
safety and prevention; transferred enforcer
of Hazardous Substances, Flanmable Fabri cs
Poison Prevention Packaging Acts to CPSC.
CPSC to consider relevant available product
data including the results of research,,
devel op T ent, testi ng, and i nvesti ga ti on
activities conducted generally. Also considers
and takes into account the special needs Of
elderly and handicapped people to determine
the extent to which such persons Ray be advers
affected. CPSC to establish standards that
are reasonably necessary to prevent or reduce
an unreasonable risk of injury associated with,
a consumer product.
Provided benefits and other assistance for C02
miners suffering from black lung disease
(pneumoconiosis) and to the surviving dependen-
of miners whose death was due to such disease
or who Were totally disabled by this disease a;
the time of thei r deaths .
Expanded and strengthened provisions on
product regulation, labeling, environmental
protection, registration of manufacturers, and
national monitoring of pesticide residues in
food and water.
Designate marine areas as sanctuaries for
conservati on, recreati on or ecol ogi Cal
purposes. Allows only activities compatible
with marine sanctuaries protection to be
conducted wi thi n sanctuary boundari es . EPA
and U.S. Anny Corps of Engineers administer
permit systems to control dumping in ocean
waters. Cessation of all ocean dumping of
municipal sewage sludge by 12/31/81.
Assist coastal and Great Lake states in
preparing and implementing state coastal plans.
Requires states to adopt acceptable coastal
plans as condition for continued federal
assi stance i pl ens general ly desi gnate
permissible uses of coastal lands.
Requires "protection of the critical habitat"
of an endangered species in any project with
federal involvement. Conserve ecosystems
for the use of endangered or threatened species
Among other things, directed the National
Insti tute of £nvi ronmental Heal th Sciences to
study the effects of chronic exposure to sulfur
oxt des .
Assure public is provided safe drinking water.
Requt res EPA to set nati onal dri nki Qq water
standards and to aid states and localities in
enforcement.
Title I: Hazardous Materials Transportation Act
of 1974, amended 1 9t6--upon f i ndi ng that
transportati on of a parts cul ar quanti ty and
forth of material in commerce may pose an un-
reasonable r1slc to health and safety or propert
the Secretary may regulate any aspect of the
transportation of such "hazardous materials" as
is deemed necessary or appropriate.
OCR for page 175
APPENDIX ~ (cont'd.). CHRONOLOGY OF MAJOR FEDERAL LAW'S RELATING TO ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND HEALTH
YEAR NAME(Cint10n) ~tlNISTERIHG AGENCY SUM'ARY O' PURPOSE
1975 Toxic Substances Control Act
(lS U.S.C. 2601 et seq.)
1976 Resource Conservation and
Recovery Act ( 42 U. S. C . 3251
et seq.)
1977 Clean Air Act Amendments
(42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.)
1977 Clean Hater Act
(91 Stat. 1566; 33 U.S.C.A.
1324)
1977 Federal Mine Safety and Health
Amendments Act (30 U.S.C.A. 801)
1978 Federal Pesticide Act
(7 U.S.C. 136 et seq.)
Environmental Protection
Agency
Envi ronmental Protection
Agency
Environmental Protection
Agency
Environmental Protection
Agency; U.S. Anny Corps
of Engineers
Mine Safety and Health
Administration, Departnent
of Labor
Environmental Protection
Agency
By
Authorizes federal government to collect in-
fonnation on chemicals that may damage human
health or the environment and control them when
necessary. Federal government given authority
to require screening of chemicals before they
reach the marketplace. EPA required to publish
inventory of existing chemical substances, re-
quires industry to keep records and to report
infonnet,ion relevant to determining potential
risk, requires industry to develop data on
health and enviror~nental effects of chemicals
they manufacture if they seem to present an
environmental risk, or if little data are
availabl e.
Control of waste disposal and hazardous wastes.
Requires that all solid wastes, other than
hazardous wastes be disposed of in sanitary
landfill l or uti l Wed for resource recovery.
Established regulatory program for land
disposal of all toxic wastes. Financial and
technical assistance to state and local
governments; research, demonstration and studies
authorized; public participation and education.
Established more stringent new-source^perfonnan"
standards (NSPS); institutionalized and
toughened EPA's Prevention of s1gnificent
deterioration policy." EPA directed to review
ambient air-quality standards for 5 basic
acre teri a ~ pol l uta nts- -ozone, ni trogen di oxi de,
carbon monoxide' sulfur dioxide, and total
suspended particulates.
Reduce water pollution and the discharge of
toxi c waste mater) al s i nto al l waters. Al tered
requi remeets of 1972 Federa l Water Pol l utf on
Control Act by extending the 1983 deadline to
July l, 1984 (EPA required to set technology-
based effluent control limits for all industries
discharging wastes into U.S. waters), and by
establishing 3 categories of pollutant dis-
charges: conventional, toxic, and nonconYention~t
Extended federal mine safety activities.
Required new or revised safety and health
regulations for mining activities. Mandatory
training of miners, mine rescue, and control of
harmful physical agents. Underground wines
i nspected 4 times per year; surface Hi nes
inspected at least 2 times per year.
Strengthened export safeguards and notification
procedures. Simplified registration of
pesticides.
OCR for page 176
Representative terms from entire chapter:
clean air
