. "Appendix B: The Burden of Disease Resulting from Acute Respiratory Illness." New Vaccine Development: Establishing Priorities: Volume II, Diseases of Importance in Developing Countries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 1986.
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New Vaccine Development: Establishing Priorities, Volume II, Diseases of Importance in Developing Countries
TABLE B.3 Deaths due to Acute Respiratory Infections in Developing Countries (thousands)a
Age Group (years)
Region
Under 1
1–4
Total Under 5
5–14
Africa
345.6
368.810
714.41
28.3
Asia
880.8
540.6
1,421.4
133.3
Latin America
165.6
57.8
223.4
13.0
Oceania
0.374
0.064
0.44
0.0129
Total
1,392.4
967.3
2,359.7
174.6
aDerived by application of the rates shown in Table B.2 to the population estimates shown in Table B.1.
Few studies have been undertaken on viruses as a cause of lower respiratory tract infection or mortality in developing countries. Denny and Clyde (1983) reported on the isolation of viruses and mycoplasma from children with lower respiratory tract disease in the United States. No isolate was obtained in 74 percent of cases. Parainfluenza viruses were isolated in 9.4 percent of cases and RSV in 5.2 percent of cases. A variety of other viruses and Mycoplasma pneumoniae accounted for the balance of identified agents.
TABLE B.4 Annual Deaths from Acute Respiratory Infections Other than Influenza
aThese proportions are based on a very limited number of reports and assume that the distribution of deaths parallels the isolation of pathogens from individuals with lower respiratory tract infection.
bThe total includes deaths caused by other pathogens for which vaccine prospects are considered poor, or for which an etiologic agent is not yet identified.
