|
Pathogen (Target Population)
|
Type of Vaccine
|
Cost of Development ($ millions)
|
Probability of Successful Development
|
|
Rabies virus
(Individuals at high risk, plus post-exposure prophylaxis)
|
Vero cell
|
5
|
0.90
|
|
(Same)
|
Glycoprotein produced by rDNA technology in mammalian cells
|
3–5
|
0.85
|
|
(Birth cohort in areas of high risk)
|
Attenuated live vector virus containing gene for protective glycoprotein antigen
|
10–20
|
0.50
|
|
Respiratory syncytial virus
(Infants at earliest possible age)
|
Polypeptides produced by recombinant DNA technology
|
25
|
0.80
|
|
Attenuated live virus
|
25
|
0.80
|
|
Rotavirus
(Infants at earliest possible age, preferably with oral polio vaccine)
|
Attenuated high passage bovine rotavirus
|
10
|
0.90
|
|
Attenuated low passage bovine rotavirus
|
30
|
0.80
|
|
Rhesus monkey rotavirus
|
30
|
0.80
|
|
Salmonella typhi
(Children; young adults at risk; travelers from developed countries to endemic areas)
|
Attenuated ga1E mutant S. typhi strain TY21a
|
2
|
0.90
|
|
Aromatic amino acid dependent strains of S. typhi
|
2
|
0.50
|
|
Shigella spp.
(Infants at birth or earliest possible age; elderly for epidemic strains)
|
Probably plasmid mediated outer membrane protein invasion determinant (small number of promising options need investigation to determine best approach)
|
25–50
|
0.70
for polyvalent vaccine
(0.85 for targeted S. dysenteriae and S. flexneri strains)
|
|
Streptococcus A
(Children,<3 to 4 years)
|
Synthetic M protein segment (excluding portions cross-reacting with human tissue)
|
50
|
0.80
|
|
Streptococcus pneumoniae
(Infants)
|
Conjugated polysaccharides, polyvalent
|
30
|
0.80
|
|
Vibrio cholera
(Children, especially <2 years)
|
Genetically defined live mutant V. cholerae (A−B+ or A−B− with respect to toxin subunit synthesis
|
25
|
0.75
|
|
Inactivated antigens
|
10
|
0.65
|
|
Yellow fever virus
(Young children)
|
Attenuated live virus produced in cell culture
|
15
|
0.95
|
