individuals and households in urban areas and on gender issues in local labor markets. Dr. Hanson is an active member and Past President of the Association of American Geographers and is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Steve Heminger is Manager of Legislation and Public Affairs for the Metropolitan Transportation Commission, the metropolitan planning organization for the San Francisco Bay Area. When he joined the study committee, he was Vice President, Transportation, for the Bay Area Council, a regional business-sponsored public policy group. Previously he served as a chief aide to the Chairman of the California State Senate Transportation Committee. Mr. Heminger is also a member of the San Francisco Parking and Traffic Commission.

Joel L. Horowitz is Professor of Economics at the University of Iowa. He has also taught at George Washington University and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dr. Horowitz has written books and articles on transportation systems analysis, econometric analysis of choice behavior, and reduction of adverse environmental impacts of urban transport systems. He is active in TRB, is coeditor or associate editor of several professional journals, and is a member of the Econometric Society and the American Economics Association.

Laura A. Jibben is Executive Director of the Regional Transportation Authority of Northeastern Illinois where she previously was Chief Administrative Officer, among other management positions. She has held several administrative posts in Illinois, including Manager of Toll Services for the Illinois Tollway Department. Ms. Jibben is a member of the National Association of Female Executives and the Women's Transportation Seminar.

Ryuichi Kitamura is Professor of Civil Engineering at the University of Kyoto, Japan. He previously taught at the University of California, Davis. Dr. Kitamura has published extensively on life-cycle and household time-space paths, car ownership and house travel patterns, activity analysis, and effects of aging and motorization on travel behavior. He is active in TRB, the Econometric Society, and the Operations Research Society.

Daniel L. McFadden is Professor of Economics at the University of California, Berkeley. He previously taught at the Massachusetts Institute

Front Matter (R1-R10)

Executive Summary (1-15)

1 Introduction (16-26)

2 Theory and Experience (27-38)

3 Possible Effects (39-57)

4 Technical and Political Feasibility (58-80)

5 Design, Evaluation, and Research (81-96)

6 Summary (97-103)

Appendix A: Traffic Congestion (104-116)

Appendix B: Theory, Experience, and Estimated Effects (117-139)

Study Committee Biographical Information (140-146)