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PAPERS COMMISSIONED FOR A WORKSHOP ON
THE FEDERAL ROLE 1~ RESEARCH AND DEVEI~OPNENT
November 19 8 5
Sponsored by the
Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy
and the
Academy Indus try Pro gram
National Academy of Sciences
National Academy of Engineering
Institute of Medicine
Supported by the
Office of Energy Research
U. S . Department of Energy
and the
Academy Industry Program
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GENERAL
O N T E N T S
A Historical Overview of the Evolution of Federal Investment 1
in Research and Development Since World War II
Nathan Rosenberg
Federal Support of Applied Research: A Review of the
United States Experience
Albert H. Teich
31
.
Economics, Politics, and Government Research' and l:)e~relopment 5
Roger G. Noll and Linda R. Cohen
lithe Government Ro le in Res earch and Deve lopment:
the European Co~nmutlity
Frangais Lafontaine
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
Economic Measures of the Returns deco Federal Research and
Development
Peter C. Reiss
Assessing the Impact of Federal Industrial Research and
Development Expandi~re on Private Research and Deere lopment
Acti~rit~r
Frank R. Lichtenberg
The Case of 7:
,~ _
~ ,
113
Measuring Economic Effects of Federal Research and Development 149
Expenditures: Recent History with Special Emphasis on Federal
R&D Performed in Industry
Nes tor E . Teriecky]
SELECTED SECTORS
Returns on Federal Investments:
Harvey Brooks
Biomedical Research and Development:
on Investment
Jeffrey E. Harris
Energy Research and Development
John F. Ahearne
lithe Physical Sciences
171
Measuring the Returns 19 5
211
. . .
— 111
-
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Impact of Defense Research and Development Inves cements on the 243
Civilian Sector
George Gamota
Measuring the Economic Impact of Federal Research and
Development Investment in Civilian Space Activities
Henry R. Hertzfeld
251
Federal Funding of Research and Development in Transportation: 301
Lee Case of Aviation
Da~rid C. Mowery
Federal Research and Development and U.S. Agriculture
An Assessment of Role and Productivity Effects
Robert D. Wearer
TV —
347
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I N T R O ~ U C T I O N
These papers were commissioned as background materials for a workshop on
the federal role in research and development, which was held in November
1985. The workshop was organized as the result of a request by the U. S.
Department of Energy's Office of Energy Research to the Committee on
Science, Engineering, and Public Policy to examine existing methods for
measuring ache economic returns of federal investments in research and
desire lopment .
Workshop participants reviewed two topics: (~) measuring economy c
returns on federal investments in research and development, and ~ 2 ~
policies relating to the support of applied research . The conclus ions
reached are given in a report entitled The Federal Rol e in Research and
Developmenc. While supplies last, copies of ache report can be obtained,
free of charge, from Ms . Audrey Pendergast, Room NAS 342, National Academy
of Sciences, 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20418.
In this set , the papers are divided into three sections: ~ 1) general.
containing historical and background information, (2) economic analysis
and ~ 3 ~ selected sectors covered.
However' copies of the papers can be
purchased individually, as well as in a set, from the National Academy
Press, at the address given in the preceding paragraph. Prices, order.
information, and an order form are included herein.
or —
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THE FEDERAL ROLE IN RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Papers Commissioned for a Workshop
in November 19 8 5
.
Fourteen papers were commits toned for the above workshop . They
are available singly and as a set from the Publications-on-Demand
service of the National Academy Press. Their titles, authors, and
prices are lis ted on the attached sheet . Reques ts for papers are to
be mailed, together with an institutional purchase order or
p repayment, to:
Pub l ications - on- Demand
National Academy Press
2101 Constitution Avenue, N. W.
Washington, D. C. 20418
A purchase order or prepayment must accompany all orders.
Prepayment can be in the fores of:
check, payable to National Academy Press
money order, payable to National Academy Press
credit card: American Express, VISA, and Mastercard are
accep~ced; card number, validity and expiration dates,
- signature9 and telephone number must be included with
all credit card sales
There are no discounts or returns on publications-on-demand.
Taxes, shipping, and handling charges are included in the price of
each paper. Orders will be received one deco two weeks after they have
been pl aced.
.
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THE FEDERAL ROLE IN RESEARCH AND DENIELOP=NT
Papers Commissioned for the Woricshop in
November 1985
Title _ Author and Affiliation Price
Er.ergy Research and Deve lopmenc
Returns on Federal Invesemen es:
The Physical Sciences
Impac t of Defense Researc.h and Develop -
ment Investments on the Civilian
Sec tor
Biomedical Research and Development:
Measuring the Returns on Investment
Measuring the Economic Impac ~ of
Federal Research and Development
Investment in Civilian Space
act:xrit~es
The Governmen ~ Rol e in Resea -c]2 and
Developruenc: The Case of the European
Gommuni by
Assessing Age Impact of Federal
Industrial Research and Level opulent
Expendi Cure on Preface Research
and Development Activity
Federal Funding of Research and Develop-
men ~ in Transportation: The Case of
Aviation
Economics, Poll tics, and Government
Research and Development
Economic Measures of the Returns
co Federal Research and Development
A Historical Overview of the Evolution
of Federal Investment In Research and
Developmene Since World Ear II
John F. Ahearne, ResQurces $8~50
for the Future
Harvey Brooks 9 . $7 . 00
Harvard University
George Gamota, 1 $7 . 00
Univers ity of Michigan
Jeffrey E. Harris,
Massachusetts Institute of
Technology
$7.00
Henry R. Hertzfeld, $8 . 50
Consultant
Frangois Lafontaine, Delega- $7.00
tion of the Commission of
the European Communities
Frank R. Lichtenberg, $8.50
Columbia University
David C. Mowery, $8. 50
Carnegie-Mellon University2
Roger G. Noll, Stanford
University, and Linda R.
Cohen, University of
Washington
Peter Ce Reiss,
Stanford University
Nathan Rosenberg,
Stanford University
$7.00
$8 50
$8.50
iNow affiliated with Thermal Electron.
2Now affiliated with the Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy of the
National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine.
~ ix —
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to
- =d ra ~ ~ U-Dort or Applied Research:
A Review of the United S rates
E"Ype~i ence
Measuring Economic Effects of Federal
Research and Development Expenditures:
Recenc History Hi to Special Emphasis
on Federal R&D Performed in Industry
Federal Research and Dexrelopment and
U O S · Agr~cul sure: An Assessmer:e of
Rot e and Produc tiers cy Effec es
S e t containing all of the above papers
Albert H . Te ich, American
Association for the
Advanc ement 0 f S c i enc e
Nestor E. Terleclcyj,
National Planning
As sociation
Robert O. heaver, Me
Pennsylvania S tate
Uni~rersiq
$7.00
$7.00
$~.50
$29.50
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r
G E N E R A ~
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