References
Brice-Heath, S. 1981. Toward an ethnohistory of writing in American. Pp. 25–45 in Writing: The Nature, Development, and Teaching of Written Communication (Vol. 1), M.F. Whiteman, ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
1983. Ways with Words: Language, Life and Work in Communities and Classrooms. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Brown, A.L., and J.C. Campione 1994. Guided discovery in a community of learners. Pp. 229–270 in Classroom Lessons: Integrating Cognitive Theory and Classroom Practices , K. McGilly, ed. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Carey, S., and R. Gelman 1991. The Epigenesis of Mind: Essays on Biology and Cognition. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Clement, J. 1982. Student preconceptions of introductory mechanics. American Journal of Physics 50:66–71.
Diamat, R.J., and D.J. Bearison 1991. Development of formal reasoning during successive peer interactions. Developmental Psychology 27:277–284.
DiSessa, A. 1982. Unlearning Aristotelian physics: A study of knowledge-base learning. Cognitive Science 6:37–75.
Duckworth, E. 1987. "The Having of Wonderful Ideas" and Other Essays on Teaching and Learning". New York: Teachers College Press, Columbia University.
Dweck, C.S. 1989. Motivation, Pp. 87–136 in Foundation for a Psychology of Education , A. Lesgold and R. Glaser, eds. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Dweck, C., and E. Legget 1988. A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality. Psychological Review 95:265–273.
Elmore, R.F. 1995. Getting to Scale with Successful Education Practices: Four Principles and Some Recommended Actions. Paper commissioned by the Office of Reform Assistance and Dissemination, U.S. Department of Education.
Elmore, R.F., Consortium for Policy Research in Education, and D. Burney 1996. Staff Development and Instructional Improvement Community District 2, New York City. Paper prepared for the National Commission on Teaching and America's Future.
Evans, J. St. B. T. 1989. Bias in Human Reasoning. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Fleming, D.S. 1988. The Literature on Teaching Utilization of Research: Implications for the School Reform Movement. Andover, MA: The Regional Laboratory for Educational Improvement of the Northeast and Islands.
Gardner, H. 1991. The Unschooled Mind: How Children Think and How Schools Should Teach . New York: Basic Books.
Gelman, R., and C.R. Gallistel 1978. The Children's Understanding of Number. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Goldman, A.I. 1994. Argument and social epistemology. Journal of Philosophy 91:27–49.
Greeno, J. 1991. Number sense as situated knowing in a conceptual domain. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 22(3):170–218.
Habermas, J. 1990. Moral Consciousness and Communicative Action. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Science Education Department 1987. A Private Universe. Video. Cambridge, MA: Science Media Group
Hatano, G. 1990. The nature of everyday science: A brief introduction. British Journal of Developmental Psychology 8:245–250.
Hendrickson, G., and W.H. Schroeder 1941. Transfer of training in learning to hit a submerged target. Journal of Education Psychology 32:205–213.
Holyoak, K.J. 1984. Analogical thinking and human intelligence. Pp. 199–230 in Advances in the Psychology of Human Intelligence (Vol. 2), R.J. Sternberg, ed. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Hutchins, E. 1995. Cognition in the Wild. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Judd, C.H. 1908. The relation of special training to general intelligence. Education Review 36:28–42.
Kobayashi, Y. 1994. Conceptual acquisition and change through social interaction. Human Development 37:233–241
Kuhn, D. 1991. The Skills of Argument. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. Lave, J., and E. Wegner
1991. Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Lin, X.D., and J. Lehman 1999 Supporting learning of variable control in a computer-based biology environment: Effects of prompting college students to reflect on their own thinking. Journal of Research in Science Teaching. In press.
Lionni, L. 1970. Fish Is Fish. New York: Scholastic Press.
Minstrell, J. 1989. Teaching science for understanding. Pp. 130–131 in Toward the Thinking Curriculum: Current Cognitive Research, L.B. Resnick and L.E. Klopfer, eds. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
Moll, L.C. 1986a. Creating Strategic Learning Environments for Students: A Community-Based Approach. Paper presented at the S.I.G. Language Developed Invited Symposium Literacy and Schooling, Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco, California.
1986b. Writing as a communication: Creating strategic learning environments for students. Theory into Practice 25:102–108.
1990. Vygotsky and Education. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Moll, L.C., J. Tapia, and K.F. Whitmore 1993. Living knowledge: The social distribution of cultural sources for thinking. Pp. 139–163 in Distributed Cognitions, G. Salomon, ed. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
Moshman, D. 1995a. Reasoning as self-constrained thinking. Human Development 38:53–64.
1995b. The construction of moral rationality. Human Development 38:265–281.
National Research Council 1999a. How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School. Committee on Developments in the Science of Learning. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
1999b. Improving Student Learning: A Strategic Plan for Education Research and Its Utilization . Committee on Feasibility Study for a Strategic Education Research Program. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Newstead, S.E., and J. St. B.T. Evans, eds. 1995. Perspectives on Thinking and Reasoning: Essays in Honour of Peter Wason. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Novick, L.R., and K.J. Holyoak 1991. Mathematical problem solving by analogy. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 17(3)(May):398–415.
Palincsar, A.S., and A.L. Brown 1982. Reciprocal teaching of comprehension monitoring activities. Cognition and Instruction 1:117–175.
Pea, R.D. 1999. New media communication forums for improving education research and practice. In Issues in Education Research: Problems and Possibilities , E.C. Lagemann and L.S. Shulman, eds. San Francisco: Jossey Bass.
Prawaf, R.S., J. Remillard, R.T. Putnam, and R.M. Heaton 1992. Teaching mathematics for understanding: Case study of four fifth-grade teachers. Elementary School Journal 93:145–152.
Salmon, M.H., and C.M Zeitz 1995. Analyzing conversational reasoning. Informal Logic 17:1–23.
Scardamalia, M., C. Bereiter, and R. Steinbach 1984. Teachability of reflective processes in written composition. Cognitive Science 8:172–190.
Schoenfeld, A.H. 1983. Problem solving in the mathematics curriculum: A report, recommendation and annotated bibliography. Mathematical Association of America Notes No. 1.
1984. Mathematical Problem Solving. Orlando, FL: Academic Press.
1991. On mathematics as sense making: An informal attack on the unfortunate divorce of formal and informal mathematics. Pp. 331–343 in Informal Reasoning and Education, J.F. Voss, D.N. Perkins, and J.W. Segal, eds. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Stokes, D.E. 1997. Pasteur's Quadrant: Basic Science and Technological Innovation. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
Suina, J.H., and L.B. Smolkin 1994. From natal culture to school culture to dominant society culture: Supporting transitions for Pueblo Indian students. Pp. 115–130 in Cross-cultural
Roots of Minority Child Development, P.M. Greenfield and R.R. Cocking, eds. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Vosniadou, S., and W.F. Brewer 1989. The Concept of the Earth's Shape: A Study of Conceptual Change in Childhood. Unpublished paper. Center for the Study of Reading, University of Illinois, Champaign.
Vye, N.J.., S.R. Goldman, C. Hmelo, J.F. Voss, S. Williams, and Cognition and Technology Group at Vanderbilt 1998. Complex mathematical problem solving by individuals, and dyads. Cognition and Instruction 15(4).
Vye, N.J., D.L. Schwartz, J.D. Bransford, B.J. Barron, L. Zech, and Cognition and Technology Group at Vanderbilt 1998. SMART environments that support monitoring, reflection, and revision. In Metacognition in Educational Theory and Practice, D. Hacker, J. Dunlosky, and A. Graessner, eds. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Wellman, H.M. 1997. The Child's Theory of Mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
White,B.Y., and J.R. Fredrickson 1997. The Thinker Tools Inquiry Project: Making Scientific Inquiry Accessible to Students. Princeton, New Jersey: Center for Performance Assessment, Educational Testing Service.
1998. Inquiry, modeling, and metacognition: Making science accessible to all students. Cognition and Science 16:90–91.
Youniss, J., and W. Damon. 1992. Social construction in Piaget's theory. Pp. 267–286 in Piaget's Theory: Prospects and Possibilities , H. Berlin and P.B. Pufal, eds. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
