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| Copyright © 2009. National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Terms of Use and Privacy Statement |
Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.
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OCR for page 1
*****
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06~eCTBeHHOCTB co3~a~a Me~yHapO~HbIM pe*HM (OCHOBaHHMM Ha ~eHeBCKOM HpOTOKOne ~
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DeNCTBy~HMM BHyTpH CTpaH. ~e~CTBM~, COCpe~OTOHeHHbIe Ha KOHKpeTHOM CTpaHe, TaKOM
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OTHOIlleHI1H no,qo3pesaeMoro HapyWeHHR. ~OCTH*eHMe WNpOKOrO KOHCeHCyCa OTHOCHTeRBHO
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OCR for page 2
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1. pe3y~bTaTbI B o6~acTH HauMoHanbHoM 6e3onacHocTH
o6ecHeHeHHe 6o~bmero B3aHMHoro~oBepH~ B oTHomeHHn co6~Io,DeHnH
KOHBeHUMM O BHDaX 6~o~orn~ecKoro opy*~, no CpaBHeHH~ C TeM, KOTOpOe
6bLDI0 6bI B03MO*HO B IIpOTHBHOM cRyHae;
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~epeCTpONKa 6bIB~eH COBeTCKOH ~eBTe~bHOCTH B 06~aCTH 6~0~0~HeCKOrO
BOOp~eHlIR;
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2. Pe3y~bTaTbI B 06RaCTH 06~eCTBeHHOrO 3DpaBOOXpaHeHMR
COBepIlleHCTBOBaHMe HOH~MaHMR paCHpOCTpaHeHH~ ~ CBOMCTB HaTOreHOB,
KOTOpMe HpeDCTaB~T y~po3y 06~eCTBeHHOMy 3~0pOBblO;
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60pb6bI CO BCllbIIllKaMlI IIHteKUMOHHb~ 3a60~eBaHHH;
2
OCR for page 3
PaCW~peHMe Me~yHapO~Hb~ CBH3eM B OTHO~eHHM HaUpaBneHHM ~ BCHM~eK
3a60nesaHnn.
3. 3KoHoMu~ecKne pesynBTaTu
~OBMWeHHe CTa6~bHOCTH pOCCH~CKHX Hay~HO-HCCneDOBaTeRbCKHX
-
MHCTHTyTOB HOCpe~CTBOM HOBMWeHMR KOMMepHeCKOH *~3HeCHoCo6HocTH
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Tpy~OBb1X peCypCOB B Uen~x HaUMOH=BHOH 6e30HaCHoCTH ~ 06~eCTBeHHOrO
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HacTHoro ceKTopa CWA B POCCHH.
4. Hay~HbIe pe3y~bTaTu.
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HTO HpeDOCTaB~eHMe rapaHTHM RBRHeTCH CKOpee aKTHBHOH, YeM HaCCHBHOH, 06~3aHHOCTb~.
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Ta6JI~a E-1.
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Bbl6paHHbIe opra~3a~ c npo~aMMHuMN MHTepecaM~,
HMelom~ oTHomeHMe K ~Huquamase ~ od~acma namozenos
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KpOMe TOrO, OH BbICTyIIaeT OpraHlI3aTOpOM pn~a c~MII03~yMos
n0 CBR3aHHbIM TeMaM.
3
OCR for page 4
Ta6JI~L\a E-1 (IIPO1OJ1]KeHHe).
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HMelO~MM~ OTHO~eHMe K h,Huquamuee ff o6~acmu namozenoe
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Ilpe,QOTBpa~eHHIO 3a~sn~a 0 CBOeM HaMepeHIiIM no~ep*nsaTb
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soopy;KeHun a MMeHHO B MHCTHTyTaX ~HORpeHapaT, y KOTOpb1X HMe~TCH
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pOCCIIMCKHX MHCTHTyTOB, B TOM ~uc~e npea~o~eHn~ no
MCC~eJOBaHH9M B 06JaCTH OHaCHb1X HaTOFeHOB.
AMeP~KaHCKHI1 3TOT YaCTHbIM CLOH~, OCHOBaHHBIM KOHrPeCCOM B 1992 FO~Y
~OH ~Y~Pe~eHHbIM HaLIHOHaJIbHbIM ~OH~OM HaYKH B 1995 FO0Y,
rPa~aHCKNX XO~aTaNCTBOBaB B OTHO111eHHM OCHOBHbIX HaY~HO
v ~
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HPOeKTaM B WHCTHTYTaX, KOTOPbIe 6bIBM HaCTbIO 6bIB~eFO
COBeTCKOFO KOMH~eKCa 6nonorn~ecKoro BOOpy~eHHH.
~y,Jymee ~OHO~H~Te~BH5IX KOHKYPCOB 3aB~CHT OT
,~anbHenmero ~MHaHCHpOBaHHH.
Ha~OHa~hHOe HaUMOHa~bHOe yripas~eHne no aSpOHaBT~Ke ~ KOCMHHeCK~M
y~pas~eHHe no Mcc~eJoBaHH~M o6ecneHMsaeT tHHaHcHpoBaHMe pHDa
a3POHaBT~Ke ~rlPOeKTOB B WHCTHTYTaX BHOrlPerlaPaT B LleJl~x IlO,~Jep;KaHHM
KOCMHqeCK~M CBOeM JeSTe~bHOCTH B 06~aCTH KOCMMMeCKOH HayKH. ~y~y~ee
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pa3BUTHeM Ce~bCKOrO X039HCTBa. Ero HaCTOR~H pOCCH~CKHM
IlOPT+e~B He BK~IOHaeT HaY~HbIe MCC~eJOBaHH~ B 06JIaCTH
OIIaCH~X rIaToreHos.
4
OCR for page 5
YCTAHOB~EHHE BA3LI ~ PAC~HPEHHOrO COWY~HHHEC"A
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aKTIIBHOe yHaCTHe B H~aH~pOBaHHM DO~rOCpO~HOM HpOPpaMMbI.
5
OCR for page 6
Ta6JI=a E-2
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CWA - 20000 aMeP~KaHCKHX DO=aPOB; raPBaP8CKHM YH~BePCHTeT - 9000 aMeP~KaHCKHX
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6
OCR for page 7
KOM~TeT HAH no~b30Banc~ c~e~ymm~M~ Kp~Tep~Mn Spa oT6ope
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7
OCR for page 8
2. npOeKTbI DO~*HM COCTaB~HTbCH ~ HpOBOD~TbCH TaK~M 06pa30M, HpH KOTOpOM
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8
OCR for page 9
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06~aCTH ~ 60X HaCTh OCHOBHb1X pOCCH~CKHX Hay~Ho-Hcc~eDoBaTe~BcKHx 06~eKToB. CM.
Ta6~Huy E-3 ,~R HO+a3OBOM PaS6MBKH COBMeCTH~X MCC~e~OBaTe~ECKHX UPOeKTOB.
TaGn~a E-3
Pa36~sKa no ~a3aM cosMecTHb~x ~cc~e,~osaTe~bcK~ upoe~ros
Ha3BaHne 3a~aH ~1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
rl r2 r3 r4 r5 r6 r7 r8 r, rlO
IIIeCTb 3KCHep~MeHTa~b
HbIX IIpOeKTOB
Elba 3KCHep~MeHTa~b
HbIX IIpOeKT
CHTb ~ OeKTOB
P
BeHa~UaTb UpOeKTOB
HTHaDUaTb OpOeKTOB
n~THaRUaTb npOeKTOB 1
n~THa~UaTB r.pOeKTOB 1
Spa cTa6unsHoro |
COTpy~HM~eCTBa
OT60P IIpOeKTOB 6y~nTeT IlpOlICXOLllITb Ha KOHKypcHoll OCHOBe C lICIIOJIB30BaHIleM
KpilTepileB, IIpilBeleHHbIx BMIlle. CpelCTBa, OTBOlHMMe Ha Ka~ylo HpoPpaMMHylo o6RacTb'
RO~Hn Haxo'lMTbcH B 3aBlIClIMOCTI1 OT Ka'IeCTBa IlpOeKTHbIX IIpe,ZlnO*eHlIl1 I10 BCeM 06naCT,lM.
9KCHepuMeHTanbHMe HpOeKTb! pacHpele=IoTcH rio HeCKOnbK~M o6nacTHM' ~ B03MO*HOCTb
paCIll~peHI15I 3TlIX OPpaHlIIIeHHbIX p;ellCTBlIl1 ,D;OJI*Ha 6nTb paCCMOTpeHa rIpH Han~lIMM
o6eIualoIu~x peSynbTaToB.
HeKOTOpble BCHOMOraTenbHble MepOnpH~THn MornH 6b! C~y;KuTb 3~teKTHBHuM
~Or~O~HeH~eM Hay~Ho-~ccne~osaTenbcKou ~enTe~bHOCTn. A nMeHHO, yMeCTHb~M~ 06~aCT~M~
COTpy'1HMMecTBa RBJIRIOTCH: MO'RepHH3aUMB cpe~lCTB CBR3H BbI6paHHbIX pOCClIMCKHX
lIHCTlITyTOB; COBepIIIeHCTBOBaHIle XpaHeHlI~ ~ MCHORb30BaHH~ KO0HeKUMM ~TaMMOB,
MCHO~b3yeMb[X B KaHeCTBe HaUMOHaRbHb1X 6a30Bb[X :)TanOHOB; ~ paC~HpeHHe
MHtOpMaUMOHHb1X 06MeHOB n0 Tpe60BaHH~M ~ MeTO4aM 6nonor~YecKo~ 6e3onacHocT~.
B ,qoIIoJIHeHMe K e)KerOp;HOMy aHanlI3y BCeX IlpOeKTOB, B KOHLle BTOpOrO rona 6y,qeT
IlpOM3BO,~HTbCSI IlO,QpO6HaR OUeHKa BCeO6~erO rIo,qxo,ra c sHeceHueM cooTseTcTsy~om~x
KOppeKTHpOBOK.
9
OCR for page 10
OA3A 2: SPA CTAlilI~hHOrO COTPY~H~EC"A, BERM 3A
IIHlILI~IT]IROBB Or~CTU~TOTEHOB
npH3HaBa~, YTO CTa6~RbHOe COTpy~H~YeCTBO DO~*HO COUpOBO~aTbCH HpaBH~aMM HO
~_ _ _
-
Hpe~OCTaB~eHH~ MH~OpMaUMM ~ HpOHUMM MepaMM, paSpabOTaHHbIMM =~ ObeCHeYeHHR
V _
rapaHTlIII B OTHOIIleHIIlI TOrO, YTO BbIllO~HHeMaR pa0OTa HOCBH~eHa TORSO Hpe~yCMOTpeHHbIM
Ileum' KoMuTeT HAH paspa6oTan Modem nocTynaTe~6Horo cocTas~eH~n cooTseTcTsymm~x
cor~an~eHnn KaCaTe~bHO TpaHCHapeHTHOCTH. MO~eRb upe~Ha3Ha~eHa ~ HO~YepK~BaHMR
Ba)KHOCTH TpaHCHapeHTHOCTH ~ ,Z~ CTHMy~HpOBaHM~ OtHUHa~bHbIX o6cy~eHnn,
Tpe6yIOlU~XCH ~ BbIpa60TKH COr~aCOBaHHbIX HO~O*eHMH. MODe~b Tpe6yeT, HTO6bI
Me)KIIpaBlITeRbCTBeHHbIlI MeXaHM3M Upe~OCTaBH~ Hanpas~eH~e ~ COBMeCTHbIX De~CTBMM Ha
IlIllpOKOM tpOHTe.
COBMeCTHbIe MCCReDOBaTeRbCKHe HpOeKTbI 6y~yT HpO~OR*aTb SaH~MaTb UeHTpa~bHOe
MeCTO B ~O~rOCpO~HOM COTpy~HHHeCTBe. PaCW~peHHOe COTpy~HM~eCTBO B 06RaCTH
SHH0eMHO~OrMM ~ 6bICTpOe pearMpOBaHHe Ha BCHbI~KH MHteKUMOHHb~ 3a60~eBaHHM MOryT
c~ocoCcTsosaTb ~osep~Io Me~y ~syMn cTpaHaMn. B CBR3H C paCW~peHHeM Me~yHapODHOrO
o6MeHa ~aHHbIMM noTpeGyeTcn ycmeH~e BHyTpeHH~X BOSMO*HOCTeH Poccnn n0 OUeHKe ~
o6pa60TKe ann~eM~onorn~ecKou ~HtopMau~. B nepno~ sc~bImeK 3a6onesaHn~
CHeUMa~MCTbI DByX CTpaH DO~*HbI COTpy~HH~aTb B HpeDOCTaB~eHMM HMe~eUCH y H~X
HaH6o~ee aKTya~bHOH MHtOpMaUMM ~ B Hpe=O*eHMM TeXHHHeCKOH HOMO~H ~pyr ~pyry.
TaK*e, DO~*HO HOO~p~TbCH 06pa~eHMe pOCCH~CKHX CHeUMa~HCTOB' Hp~H~MaIO~MX ~aCTHe
B HO~eBbIX MCC~eDOBaHM9X, ~H ~aCTH~ B HpOrpaMMaX 06~eHHR, OpraHH3yeMbIX ~eHTpaMM
H0 KOHTpO~ ~ HpO~RaKT~Ke 3a60ReBaHHH.
KpOMe TOrO, HO=ep*Ka 3~¢eKTHBHb1X Ha0HOHa~bHb1X HO~XO~OB HOpMaTHBHOrO
pery~HpOBaHMR K KOHTpO~HpOBaHH~ OHaCHbIX HaTOreHOB OKa3bIBaeTCH Cy~eCTBeHHOM
06eCHeHeHHR OTBeTCTBeHHOrO 06pa~eHHR C OHaCHbIMM HaTOreHaMM Ha W~pOKOM tpOHTe.
3~?eKTHBHMe HpaBonp~MeH~Te~bHMe rIpoue,lypu ~ 06MeH OH~TOM HMe~T oco60 Ba*HOe
3Ha~eHne ~ C03DaHHN B3aHMHOrO ~osepnn.
~pH STOM HpO0OR*a~T COXpaH~Tb Ba*HOe 3HaMeHHe 3a~HTa HpaB MHTe~eKTy~bHOH
C06CTBeHHOCTH ~ Heo6xo~nMoe upe~oTspa~eHne paCHpOCTpaHeHHR KOHtH~eHUMa~bHOM
MH~OpMaUMM CTOpOHaM, BbI3bIBaIO~MM OHaCeHMB B OTHOWeHMM paCHpOCTpaHeHHH.
POCCH~CKOe ~ aMep~KaHCKOe HpaB~TeRbCTBa ~O~*HbI Hp~H~Tb COOTBeTCTBylO~He
Hpe~HCaHHR B uen~x o6ecHeHeHHR rapaHTHM Toro' UTO paCCMOTpeHHe 3T~X BOUpOCOB
HpOMCXOD~T TaK~M 06pa30M, HpH KOTOpOM He y~eM=IOTCH 60~ee mnpOKHe ueRH
TpaHCHapeHTHOCTH COBMeCTHbIX HpeDUpH~THM.
3ATPATET
B Ue~x HapalUMBaHHR HaCTOR~erO HM~y~bCa KOM~TeT peKOMeH~yeT, YT06bI
M~HUCTepCTBO 060pOHbI CWA OHepaTHBHO Hpe8OCTaBHRO tHHaHCOBylO HO~ep*Ky
NHuquamuse ~ o6~acmu ~amOBeHOff. CTa6~RbHOe tHHaHCHpOBaHHe 60~ee ~HTe~bHOH
HpOrpaMMbI Oasu 2 HecoMHeHHo noTpe6yeT cor~ameHHn Me~y McHoRHuTe~bHoH BeTBbm
KOHrpeCCOM B OTHOWeHHM HO~CTpOYHOrO HyHKTa B 6~eTe BbI6paHHOrO Be~OMCTBa.
npe~CTaB=eTCH Hpe~eBpeMeHH~M rOBOp~Tb O TOM, KaKOe M~H~CTepCTBO ~H Be~OMCTBO
~O~HO HMeTb ~O~rOCpOYHOe tHHaHCOBOe 06~3aTe~bCTBO.
~ntlquamuea ff o6vtacm~ amoze~oe
npOeKTHbIe 3aTpaThI COe,~HHeHHb1X ~TaTOB AMep~KH rIo ~HUgUamUBe ~ o6~acmu
namocenoe cne~y~om~e: 1998 t~HaHcosbI~ ro~ - 6 M~H. aMep~KaHCKHX ~ORBapOB; 1999
4?~HaHcosbI~ roe - 7 MJIH. aMep~KaHCKHX DO=apOB; 2000 t~HaHcosbI~ ro~ - 8,5 M~H.
aMep~KaHcKnx ~oJIJIapos; 2001 t~HaHcosbI~ ro~ - 8,5 M11H. aMepilKaHCKlIX ~O~apOB; 2002
t~HaHcosbI~ ro ~ - 8, 5 M~H. aMep~KaHCKHX DOMapOB. ~ORbWaH HaCTb 3T~X CpeDCTB
aCCHrHOBaHa Ha HeHOCpe~CTBeHHy~ HO=ep*Ky HpOeKTOB, KaK HOKaSaHO B Ta6~ue E-4.
10
OCR for page 11
Korea mama ~ o6~acmu r~amozeHoe 6y~'eT rIORHOCTblO paspa6oTaHa B 2000 t~HaHcosoM
rosy, SaTpaTM Ha pOCCH~CKHM Hay~HMM KO=eKTHB COCTaB~T 4, 5 ASH. aMep~KaHC~X
Capes (53%~; saTpaTu Ha aMep~KaHcKnx coTpy,qH~Kos cocTasaT 2,5 MOTH. aMep~KaHCKHX
'~omapoB (29%~; SaTpaTu Ha Met no cocTaB~eHHIo rIpoeKTa cocTaB~T 500000
aMep~KaHcKHx '~o~rmapoB (6%~; ~ SaTpaTu Ha oueHKy BblHoRHeHnH rIporpaMMM' tHHaHcoBoe
y~paB~eHMe ~ COrlyTCTBylO~ylO BCHOMOraTe~bHylO '~enTeRbHocTB COCTaB~T 1 MATH.
aMep~KaHcKmx Capes (12%~.
Ta6J'=a E-4.
PaCIIpeAeJIeHHe tO-OB DO ·MHaHCOBbIM rO,QaM B DepHO,ZI AeHCTB~
~Huquamusb! ~ o6~acmu na rnozenos (B M.T H. aMep~KaHCI ~ AO~apOB)
(P~HaHcosu ~13lO~KeT Hosue 06~ee COHEN ~COHEN ~COHEN ~
rod IIpoeKru KO~HeCTBO pOCCH~CKOH CO~y~H~KOB HpOe=HOrO
HpOeKTOB2 CTOpOHM CIIIA yr~pas~eH~
1998 6,0 10 10 3,5 1,5 1,0
1999 7,0 12 22 4,0 2,0 1,0
2000 8,5 15 37 4,5 2 5 1,5
2001 8,5 15 42 4,5 2,5 1,5
2002 8,5 15 45 4,5 2,5 1,5
Lana 2: Spa 6O~ee,=~Te~bnoro cTa6mbHoro coTpy,~ecTsa
KaK r~oKa3aHo BbI~e, paSMepbI HpOrpaMMb! HpeDHORO*HTeRbHO 6y~yT HOCTeHeHHO
yBe~MBaTbCH C OHM BbIpaBH~BaHMeM B done cTa6~RbHoro coTpy~HHHecTBa.
COrRaCHO MODe~H, Hpe~araeMoH B KaHeCTBe ueRM paCm~peHMR ~eRTeRbHOCTH, paCHeTHble
ro,qosbIe 3aTpaTbI ,~ Coe,~nHeHHbIx ~TaTos AMep~K~, Ha~Ha~ c 2003 t~HaHcosoro ro,qa,
cocTasaT 5 MJIH. aMeplIKaHCKlIX AO=apOB (50~) Ha no~ep~Ky aMep~KaHcKnx coTpy~H~Kos; 2
M~H. aMep~KaHCKHX DO=apOB (20%) Ha no~ep*Ky sbI6paHHbIx acneKTos poccu~cKoro
~aCTHR B MepOUpH~TH~X, HpeDCTaBRH~MX OCO6bIM MHTepeC =R COeD~HeHHbIX ~TaTOB
AMep~KH; 1 M~H. aMep~KaHCKHX ~O=apOB (10~) Ha pa3pa60T~ ~ OueHKy BbIHORHeHHS
HpOeKTa ~ CODyTCTBy~He MepOUpH~THH; ~ 2 M~H. aMep~KaHCKHX DO~apOB (20~) Ha
HO=ep*Ky Me*HpaB~Te~bCTBeHHOrO MexaHH3Ma ~ CODyTcTBy~oIuMx cHeuMa~3MpoBaHHEIx
KoM~TeTos rIo Ha~30py 3a sceu ,renTeJIbHocTb~o. 06~ sK~a~ CIIIA 6y,qeT cocTas=Tb 10
M~H. aMep~KaHCKHX DOmapOB B ro,l, a OT pOCCH~CKHX y~pe~eHHM 6y~eT O*~DaTbCH
_ V
rIoKpbITHe )oRBIlIeH YaCTH CBOnX paCXO,QOB.
O~AEMbIE PE3YJILTAThI IIPOrPAMME'I
~pe~araeMbIe COBMeCTHbIe MepOUpH~TH~ MO~T yCTaHOB~Tb 3HaY~TeRbHbIM ypOBeHb
~OBepHR Me~y Hay~HbIMM KpyraMM Poccn~ ~ COeD~HeHHb1X ~TaTOB AMep~K~, TeM CaMbIM
CO~eUCTBy~ CMeHe AHH~OMaTHHeCKOrO TOHa B OTHOWeHMM aCHeKTOB Me~yHapODHOH
6e30HaCHoCTH B 06RaCTH OHaCHbIX HaTOreHOB. TaKHe MepOUpH~TH~ MOryT Bo3bIMeTb r~y6oKoe
Hp~MOe ~ KOCBeHHOe BRH~HHe Ha CHH*eHHe yrpo3b~ paCHpOCTpaHeHHR ~ Teppop~3Ma. TaK*e,
rIporpaMMa rIp~BHeCeT MHOrO noRe3Horo B De~o 60pb6bI C onacHbIMM MHC~eKUMOHHbIMM
3a6oneBaHH~MM ~ RBRH~Cb MO,QeRblO BCeMnpHOH DeBTeRbHocTH B yCROBH~X 60Ree nO~HOrO
pacrIo3HaBaHHn OrIaCHOCTH HOBbIX ~ 3aHOBO nOBB=IOlU~XCH 3a6oneBaHHn BO MHOr~X CTpaHaX.
Bepo~THbIM pe3y~bTaToM rIposeDeHHs MHOrOJIeTHeH llporpaMMbI B poccHM
Ilpe,JCTaBRHeTCH rIepecTpo~Ka CTpyKTypbI Hay~HO-HCCReDOBaTeRbCKOrO Hpe~HpH~THR,
3aH~MaIoluerocn oHacHbIMM riaToreHaMn. Mccne~qosaTenbcKne HpoeKTbI 6y~yT BCe 6onEme
COCpeDOTaH~BaTbCH B He60nbW0M KOnHHeCTBe nyHm~x y~pe~eHHM ~ KoTopbIe cTaHyT
UeHTpaMM OT~. OHM ~on*HbI 6bITb 3a~HTepeCOBaHb! B OTbICKaHHM pa60TbI BHe 06~aCTH
OHaCH~X HaTOPeHOB, HpH 3TOM B TOH Mepe, HpH KOTOpOH DpyrHe MHCTHTyTbI 6y~yT ocTaBaTbcH
~ClI3HeCHOC06HbIMH.
3To o6mee KOnHHeCTBO He BKnIOHaeT 3KcHepuMeHTaRbHbIe ripoeKTbI.
11
OCR for page 12
TaK~M 06pa30M? MMeeTCH BbICOK~ BepORTHOCTb TOrO, HTO HpOrpaMMa Cyst
CHOC06CTBOBaTb DOCTH*eHH~ UeReH M~H~CTepCTBa 060pOHb! CWA, 3aK~Hamm~xcH B
HepaCHpOCTpaHeHHM ~ nepecTpo~Ke aCHeKTOB hero COBeTCKOrO KOMH~eKCa
6~0~0rMUeCKOrO BOOpy~eHHR B Hpe~HpH~THe MeHee paCHRbIBYaTOe, MeHee HeOUpeDeReHHO
thee OpHeHTHpOBaHHOe Ha 06~eCTBeHHOe 3DpaBOOXpaHeHHe.
12
Representative terms from entire chapter:
tem cambim
