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Rights & Permissions Free Resources PDF EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Display this book on your site! Related Titles Controlling Dangerous Pathogens: A Blueprint for U.S.-Russian Cooperation, A Report to the Cooperative Threat Reduction Program of the U.S. Department of Defense Globalization, Biosecurity, and the Future of the Life Sciences Other Related Titles Controlling Dangerous Pathogens: A Blueprint for U.S.-Russian Cooperation, A Report to the Cooperative Threat Reduction Program of the U.S. Department of Defense--Russian Version (1997) National Research Council (NRC) Web Search Builder Use this book's key terms to search within this book, across our collection, or across the Web. Skim This Chapter Skim this chapter and use this chapter's key terms to search within this book. Reference Finder Paste in your own text to find books that relate to your topic. Page 53   E-mail  Facebook  Digg  Stumble  Twitter More Page 53 Front Matter (R1-R6) Executive Summary (1-12) 1 (13-28) 2 (29-41) 3 (42-52) 4 (53-60) A (61-63) B (64-64) C (65-66) D (67-68) E (69-73) F (74-80) G (81-81) H (82-87) I (88-89)

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ue~nx yKper~eH~n Joseph oco60 sa;KHoe 3Ha~eH~e dynes Mets atteKT~sHun HpaBOUp~MeH~TeRbHblM HOp~OK ~ 06MeH OUbITOM. Co BpeMeHeM KOM~CCH~ 6yDeT CTpeM~TbCH yCTaHOBUTb ~OHO~H~Te~bHMe MepbI HO yKpeII~eHn~o Joseph. B IIacTHocT~, ee ueJI~ 6y~eT 3aK~HaTbCH B pa3pa6oTKe HpaBM~ HO pery~lilpOBaHlIK) 06MeHa MHtOpMaUMeH Meanly ~ByM~ CTpaHaMM B 06RaCTH 06pa~eHHR ~ nc~o~b30saHnn onacHb~x naToreHos. B ~ ~eanbHoM comae, o6~ne xapaKTepucT~K~ scex 3HaYnTe~bHb1X Hay~Hb1X MCC~e,lOBaHHM ~ CBR3aHHb1X o6,beKToB, 3aH~MaloluMxcH OHaCHbIMM HaTOreHaMM B o6eux cTpaHax' 6y~yT H3BecTHM Ka~oMy HpaB~TeRbcTBy. o DeRTe~bHocTH Hay~HO-HCC~e~OBaTe~bCKHX KO=eKTHBOB Dynes pery~npHo C006WaTbCH, paBHO KaK ~ O IlITaMMax MHteKLIHOHHbIX areHTOB, co,Qep~am~xcH B Hay~HO-MCCRe~OBaTe~bCKHX ~ COrlyTCTBylOlU~X ue~x. KaK B c~y~ae C Hpe~araeMoH COBMeCTHOM ,leRTeRbHOCTblO, ,lO~Hb! 6nTb pa3pa6oTaHM Mepb! Rio o6ecHeHeHHIo a~eKBaTHOH 3amUTbI MHTemeKTyanbHOH co6cTBeHHocTH ~ ,Qpyroli CeKpeTHOli MHtOpMaUHM TaK~M o6pa3oM' HT06bI ueJIn 6oJIee ~MpOKOH TpaHCHapeHTHOCTH HpH STOM He cTpaAa~. ~ B HacToHmee speM~ TaKoH BCeCTOpOHHHM 06MeH MHtOpMaUMeH CRO*HO, ec~ He Heso3Mo*Ho, ycTaHosuTb, o~HaKo, no Mepe pOCTa DOBepH~ Me~y DByMR CTpaHaMM, 60RbWaH OTKpbITOCTb ~OR*Ha CTaTb B03MO*HOH. Bo~ee TOrO, H3-3a 06eCHOKOeHHOCTH B OTHOWeHHM 6~06e30HaCHoCTH ~ TeppOpH3Ma HOBbI~aeTCH 3aNHTepeCOBaHHOCTb HpaB~Te~bCTB, HO KpaNHeH Mepe, B COe~MHeHHbIX ~TaTaX AMep~K~, B pa3pa60TKe TaKHX Tpe60BaHHM B OTHO~eHHM HpeDOCTaB~eHHR OTHeTOB HaUMOHaRbH~M opraHaM. TaK~M 06pa30M, MO*eT HMeTbCH Me~yHapODHaH ~ HaUMOHa~bHaH OCHOBa,Z~SI yKpeHReHMR ~OBepHR HOCpe~CTBOM paC~MpeHHb1X 06MeHOB MH+OpMaUMeM. TEXHlI~ECKlIE ACIIEKlbI IIPOrPAMME,I clIe'Qylo~He pa3,QeJIbI IIp~BO,~T OH~CaHMe KOHKpeTHbIX HO~XODOB B HeKOTOpbIX o6~acTRx COBMeCTHO C OUeHKOM 3aTpaT no MX peanH3aUHM ~ HpaB~TeRbCTBa C~A HOMMMO nMe~om~xcn nHsecTnu~. B xo,Qe 60Ree HOApO6Hb1X 06C~eHMM HpOrpaMMb! B HpaB~Te~bCTBe C~A ~ C pOCCH~CK~MM OtHUHa~bHbIMM RHUaMM HeKOTOpble H3 3T~X Hpe=O*eHMM CMeTHaH OUeHKa 3aTpaT 6y~yT HO~BeprHyTM Hen36e*Ho~ KOppeKTHpOBKe. HayqHO-MCCJIe~OBaTeRbCKOe COTpy,~qeCTBO CHeUHaRMCTbI, HpeDCTaBRHIO~He Hay~HbIe MHTepeCbI o6e~x CTpaH, 6y~yT CO6HpaTbCH, V V _ HO Kpa~HeH Mepe, e~erO~HO =H pa3pa ~OTKH HpOrpaMM HO COBMeCTHbIM HayYHO ~cc~e~osaTenbcK~M ~poeKTaM =n noc~e~y~o~ero yTsep~eH~n ~syMn r~pas~Te~bcTsaMn. Ho Mepe no~Horo passuTnn Q>asbI 2, HayYHo-ncc~e~osaTe~bcKan uporpaMMa, seponTHo, 6y~eT HeMHoro Kpy~Hee' HeM HporpaMMa no h,Huquamuee ~ o6~acmu namoBeHoe' Mo>KeT 6bITb, Ha 30 IlpoueHTos. YseJI~YeHne ~o TaKoro yposH~ ocHoBaHo Ha p~e coo6pa:KeH~. Bo-nepsbIx, HeKOTOpble pOCCHUCKHe CHeUMa~HCTbl, BepORTHO, 6y~yT HpODO~*aTb MrpaTb Be~y~He pORM B 3aKOHHOM BOeHHOH HayYHO-HCCReDOBaTeRbCKOM ~eRTeRbHOCTH B xo~e ~Huquamueu ~ odnacmu namoBeHoe, TaK KaK OHM He ~eRa~T 6pOCaTb CBOH rapaHTHpOBaHHbIe MCTOYH~KH ~oxo~a pa~n yHaCTH~ B Me~yHapO~HOM HpOrpaMMe, KOTOpaH MO*eT HOCHTb BpeMeHHbIM XapaKTep. O~HaKo, noc~e H~TH ~eT HeUpepbIBHOrO COTpy~HHHeCTBa 3TH CHeUHaH~CTbI AO~HbI HOH~Tb Ba)KHOCTb ~ CTa6~BHOCTb HpOrpaMMM, ~ MO*HO 6y~eT O*~aTb, HTO HeKOTOpbIe H3 H~X 06paTHTCH C 3aRBKOM Ha yHaCTHe B paC~MpeHHOM HpOrpaMMe. BO-BTOpbIX, B COeD~HeHHb~ ~TaTaX AMep~KH ~O~Ha B03paCTH 3aNHTepeCOBaHHOCTb, OC06eHHO HpH yCHeWHOM Hp~B~eYeHMM K ~Huquamuee ~ odnacmu namoceHoe MOROD~X aMep~KaHCKHX CHeUH~HCToB' KTO Ha CO6CTBeHHOM OUbITe MCHbITbIBaeT pe3y~bTaTbI Me~yHapODHOrO Hay~HOrO COTPY~HHHeCTBa. XOTH KOM~TeT rIo~ep;K~saeT CKpOMHMM pOCT, OH CH~TaeT, UTO ,~S! oGecne~eH~n BbICOKOrO KaHeCTBa HO~ep*MBaeMb~ HpOeKTOB uporpaMMa ~O~Ha HMeTb HaDp~Mep, B COe~HHeHHbIX ~TaTaX AMepH~ MeXaHH3M 3a~HTbI SaHaTeHTOBaHHb1X X~M~KaTOB ~ Hpe~OCTaB~eH~ aJe~aTHOH MH¢OpMaUMM B ne~x HOpMaTHBHOrO pe~nMpOBaH~ pa3pa60TaH ~ MO*eT C~Tb HpeUe~eHTOM Hp~MeHeH~ B o6~acTH 6no~or~. 56

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ycTaHos~eHHun sepxHnn rIpe,qe~. KaK yKa3aHO B rRaBe 3, STOT MaKCHMaRbHMM ypOBeHb ~enTe~bHocTn peryn~pyeTc~ KaK sa~cHocTbIo orpaHn~eHnn Dacha 06'beKTOB, 3aH~TbIX B pa60Te HO OHaCHbIM HaTOreHaM, TaK ~ pe3epBaMM Tpy0OBbIX peCypCOB B BMDe MMe~MXCH B Onyx CTpaHaX CHeUHa~HCTOB, CHoCO6H~X pe~aTb Ba*HbIe BOUpOCbI 06~eCTBeHHOrO 3~paBOOXpaHeHMR B y3KOCHeUMaRM3MpOBaHH0H 06~aCTH. C~e~y~o~u~n no ~xo,q, KOTOpbIM MO*eT 6bITb OtHUHa~bHO yCTaHOB~eH KOMUCCHeM, Ka)KeTCH yMeCTHbIM B OTHO~eHHM paC~MpeHHOH HpOrpaMMbI B xo~e Oa3bI 2: Cpe,~n pOCCH~CKHX OpraHH3aUHM ~ MCC~eDOBaTeReH ~O~*HbI HpOBODUTbC~ rODOBbIe lI HOJIyrO~OBbIe KOHKypCbI Ha HO~yUeHMe tHHaHCOBOM HO~ep*KH ~ HpOeKTOB, B TOM ~nc~e paccMoTpeH~e 3ansoK Ha no~ep~cKy Hay~HbIx ncc~e~osaH~n rIo sbI6paHHbIM HaTOreHaM KaK B ~Huquamuffe ff odnacmu namocenoe. ~pyr~e onacHbIe naToreHbI ~ cMe*HbIe MCC~eDOBaTe~bCKHe HpOeKTbI, KOTOpbIe upe~aramTc~ =H HO~ep*KH OT~e~bHbIMM MCCRe,JOBaTe~HMM, BepO~THO, nORyMaT ropa3,~0 6o~bmee BH~MaHHe. B ne~x OT60pa HpOeKTOB ~H Hpe~OCTaBReHH~ HO=ep*KH ~O~HbI 6bITb yCTaHOB~eHbI COBMeCTHbIe pOCCH~CKO-aMep~KaHCKHe KOM~CCHM CHe~Ha~HCTOB. · p;O~HbI 6bITh HORyqeHbI OKOH~aTe~bHbIe yTBep~eHHn HpaBuTeRbCTB, BbIIIORHeHbI ~OrOBOpeHHOCTH n0 +HHaHCOBOM no~ep*Ke, BK~IOHaH OrpaHHHeHHy~ HO~ep*Ky C~ pOCCH~CKOM ~eRTe~bHOCTH Hepe3 Me~yHapO~HbIM Hay~HO-TeXHMUeCKHM ueHTp (MHTu), KaK OITHCbIBaeTCH HM*e, HRH Hepe3 KaKoH-~60 B paBHOH CTeneHn 3~teKTHBHbIM MeXaHH3M B c~ae, ecRH 6bI Hpe~noRaraRocb H3MeHeHMe xapaKTepa MHTU B 6y'DyIueM. . 9m~eM~o~or~s B xo,Je q)a3bI 2 oco60e BHuMaHMe 6y'1eT y,QeJIeHO Hay~HuM MCCne,QOBaHH~M, HMeK)lUHM OTHOWeHMe K SHH~eMHO~OrMM 3a60ReBaHMM, CBR3aHHbIX C OHaCHbIMM HaTOreHaMM, XOTH HeKOTOpaR ~eRTeRbHOCTb MO*eT 6bITb BBe~eHa B OrpaHMUeHHOM MaC~Ta6e B xo~e q~a3bI }. COHeTaHMe B03MO*HOCTeH B STOH 06~aCTH ~OR*HO Hp~HeCTH Kpy~HbIe pe3y~bTaTbI B ctepe obluecTseHHoro 3~pasooxpaHeHn~ Ilo 6opb6e c pacllpocTpaHeHHeM 3a6oResaHHi~' KaK B HaUnOHaJIbHOM Mac~Ta6e, TaK ~ Ha Me~yHapO~HOM yposHe, Ilp~ ncIIoJIb30saH~ cJIe~y~om~x MeXaHI13MOB. Ba*Hoe sHa~eHne HMelOT 6bICTpbIe 06MeHbI Ba*HOM MHtOpMaUMeM n0 HaDpaBReHH9M ~ HeO6b~HbIM CRyHaHM 3a60ReBaHHM, CBR3aHHbIX C OHaCHbIMM HaTOreHaMM, B COeD~HeHHbIX ~TaTaX AMep~KH ~ poccHM. HeKOTOpbIM pOCCHuCK~M OpraHM3aUM~M Tpe6yeTcH 'RorIonH~TenbHoe 3neKTpoHHoe o6opy'~oBaHMe ,QnH IIO,006HOll CBR3H, ~ 3Ta noTpe6HocTb'~o~xcHa 6bITb paCCMOTpeHa B KOHTeKCTe KOHKpeTHbIX COBMeCTHbIX HpOeKTOB, KaK OH~CbIBaeTCH B rnaBe 3. KpoMe Toro' HpoBeDeHMe coBMecTHbIx ceM~HapoB 6y~eT no~e3Ho ~n~ BbIpa6oTKH o6mero MHeHHn no HaCTOTe ~ MeXaHH3MaM o6MeHoB ,QaHHbIMM ~ no pa3Hoo6pa3HIo ~ tOpMaTy '~aHHbIx' no,Qne~a~nx o6MeHy. 9Ta ,lenTenbHOCTb 'Ron*Ha COOTBeTCTBOBaTb MHTepeCaM BCeMNpHOH opraHn3aUnn 3ApaBOOXpaHeHMR ~ ~on*Ha r~o~ep*~saTb ee e;KeDHeBHble SHH~eMMoRorHMecKHe OTHeTbI ~ YNKRH 9~DeMHORO=H PenopTc") . MH~OpMaUMM O HanpasneHn~x 3abonesaHn~ . C Me~yHapODHbIM 06MeHOM DaHHbIX CBR3aHa HOTpe6HOCTb B yKpeDneHHM BHyTpeHHUX Bo3Mo:KHocTen PoccHn rIo rIposeDeHHIo 6bICTpOH OUeHKH ~ o6pa6oTKH ~ MX BCIlbIIIIKaX. ,0;On~CHbI 6bITb paCCMOTpeHbI HpOeKTbI, KOTOpbIe H03BOHHIOT BbI6paHHbIM MHCTHTyTaM, B HaCTHOCTH OCHOBHbIM HneHaM " 5HonpenapaTa , OKa3bIBaTb CO,QenCTBMe HaUMOHanbHOH ,QenTenbHOCTH M~H~cTepcTBa 3DpaBOOXpaHeHHR. ~ByXCTOpOHHMe CeM~HapM ~ COBMeCTHbIe nccnenosaTenbcK~e HpOeKTbI ,lOn*HbI 6bITb HaIIpaBneHbI Ha yCTaHOBJIeHMe ~ pa3pa6oTKy coBepIlIeHcTBoBaHHbIx TexHonorMIi n0 DHarHOCT~Ke paCCMaTp~BaeMbIX areHTOB ~ 3a60nesaHun. ~- v . ~ xo,Qe BCHbI~eK B O,lHOM CTpaHe Onpe,JeneHHbIX 3a6onesaHHn ~ CBB3aHHbIX C OIIaCHbIMlI IlaTOreHaMlI, CIleUllaJIMCTbI B ,Qpyroli CTpaHe ,QOn*HbI 6bITb MOTHB~pOBaHbI HaIIpaBuTb cooTBeTcTByIo~yIo MHtopMaLIHIo ~ OIlpe,Qen~Tb rIyTH, IIpH KOTOpbIX OHn MOI)T 57

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OKa3aTbCH HaH60nee HOne3HbIMM ~H OUeHKH ~ pearMpOBaHHR Ha TaKHe BCUbl~KH. B yMecTHb~x cnyllanx, CHeUMaJIMCTb! Ha Myron cTpaHu 6y~yT up~rnaIIIeHu and uposepKu MHtOpMaUHM ~ POMONA B BbIHOnHeHHM OUeHOK, echo OHM 06RaDaI0T OCO6bIMM CHeUMaRbHbIMM 3HaHH~MM, KOTOpble MOryT 6bITb HORe3HbIMM. · POCClIlICKlIe CHeUHaRMCTbI' KOTOpbIe yYaCTBy~T B HpOBOD~MbIX Ha MeCTaX MCCneDOBaHH~X, ~On*HbI 6bITb MOTHB~pOBaHb! 06paTHTbCH C 3aRBKOH Ha y~aCTHe B porpaMMax o6y~eHu~ UeHTpOB no KOHTpOnIO ~ HpOtHRaKT~Ke 3a60nesaHn~. OCO6blM MHTepeC HMe~T MCCne~OBaTenbCKHe HpOeKTbI B 06RaCTH 3~DeMHOROrMM, KOTOpble HpuBneKaloT' KaK 6bIBWHe coBeTcKHe OpraHH3aUHM B 06naCTH 6~0nOrM~eCKOrO Opy*ll~, TaK ~ rpa~aHcKne opraHn3aUnn (HanpuMep, MHCTHTyTM KoMuneKca "~onpenapaT" COBMeCTHO pa6oTaloT c MHCTHTyTaMM M~H~cTepcTBa 3,QpaBOOXpaHeHHn HnH AKa,JeMMeM Me~HUHHCKHX HayK). Be3ycnosHo, yKpenneH~e BHyTpeHH~X OpraHM3aUMOHHbIX CBH3eH Ha Tepp~TopHn poccHM HMeeT Ba;KHoe 3HaHeHMe' ecnH ee yUeHMe B o6nacTH 060pOHb! ~On*HM 6y'JyT MrpaTb Ba;KHylO pOnb B pa6oTe HauMOHanbHOrO o6luecTBeHHoro 3~lpasooxpaHeHHH. B~o6e3onacHocTb uenb yCHnHM B o6euX cTpaHax B 06naCTH 6~06e30HaCHoCTH 6y~eT 3aKn~HaTbCH B CODeNCTBHM HOCRe~OBaTenbHOCTH B Kp~TepH~X 6~06e30HaCHoCTH ~ ee HpaKT~KH B Mccne'~osaTenbcKHx na6opaTopH~x Hnn Ha ,Jpyrux o6~eKTax, pa6oTalolU~x C orIacHbIMM DIaToreHaMH. TaKHe ycHnHR oKa:KyTcH rIone3HbIMM ,JnH HperdocTaBReHHn rapaHTHM, (~) HTO 06pa~eHHe C MHteKUMOHHbIMM areHTaMM HpOMCXODUT B COOTBeTCTBHM C ~a60pamOpHbW c~paeo~ubm pyKocodcmeoM no 6uo6esonacuocmu BceMupnouV opeanusaquu s~paeooxpanenu~2 ~ (2) HTO MH+eKUMOHHbIe areHTbI He HePeRaIOTCH CTOPOHaM, KOTOPbIM He PaSPeWeHO 06Pa~eHHe C H~MH. KPOMe TOrO, 06eCHeHeHHe COr~aCOBaHHOCTH rIPaB~ HO BaKUHHaUHM ~ HOP=KY 6~06e301IaCHOCTH y~pocTHT B3aHMHbIe HOCe~eHMR Ha Ra60PaTOPHM BbICOKOrO P~CKa. KOM~CCHR ,LOR*Ha COCPeROTOU~Tb CBOe BH~MaHMe Ha HPOBePKe PaSPa60TK~, BbITIORHeHMM ~ 06eCHeHeHHM BbIHORHeHMR HaUMOHaRbH~X CMCTeM B COeQHHeHH~X ~TaTaX AMep~KH ~ Pocc~ no KoHTpoRMpoBaHHIo o6pa~eHun ~ MCHORbSOBaHHR OHaCHbIX HaTOreHOB. ,3;O~HO BCHHeCKH nO,~ep;K~BaTbCH, HT06b! Ka~oe HpaB~TeRbCTBO pa3pa6aTbIsano ~ McHoRb3oBano nO,lXO,lbI, KOTOpble 6bmM 6bI ~ 3~teKTHBHbIMM, ~ TpaHCrIapeHTHbIMM, H' TeM CaMbIM, CO~e~CTBy~ B3aHMHOMy ~OBepH~ B OTHO~eHHM C06~eHMB Me~yHapODHbIX 06~3aTeRbCTB. ~pH paCCMOTpeHHM pery=THBHO-HOpMaTHBHOM 6a3bI KOM~CCHR MO*eT HpOBep~Tb, K HpUMepy' pa60llMM rIepeHeHb MHteKuMoHHbIx areHToB, KoTopMe y;Ke H3~0*eHbI B HpaBH~aX ~ pyKOBO,05IIU~X DOKyMeHTaX, HOp~OK perMCTpaUMM ~pe~eHHM B HaUMOHaRbHb1X OpraHaX s~acT~, HaunoHanbHbIe TpeGosaHnn r~o r~epe~a~e areHTos B HaUMOHa~bHOM MaC~Ta6e ~ Ha Me~yHapODHOM ypOBHe, KpUTepHM 6~06e30HaCHocTH ~H y~pe~eHnu, Tpe60BaHM ~n0 y,qaneHn~o areHTos ~ HO~rOTOBKy y~eHbIX ~ o6cy*nsammero nepcoHana. Cpe~ MeXaHI13MOB COTpy~HHHeCTBa B 06RaCTH c~e~y~omne IIO~XO~bI: .% _ . ~ 61106e30IIaCHOCTlI MMe~TCH YeryJIRpHbIe OOMeHbI MHtOpMaUMeH H0 COCTORHH~ pa3B~TH~ HaUMOHaRbHOM ClICTeMbI HOpMaTHBHOrO peryJI~posaH~; CHeUHa~bHbIe 06MeHbI ~aHHbIMM n0 KOHKpeTHOM DeRTe~bHOCTH, Hpe~CTaB~HIO~eM OC06bIM MHTepeC ~H Ka~OH CTpaHbI, HaH0~06He, lICC~e~OBaHM~, HpOBO~HMOrO Ha CHeUMaRM3MPOBaHHbIX HpeDUpH~TH~X B o6JIacTu 6noJIornYecKon ~oKaJIn3aU~ pacrIpocTpaHeHnn mn Ha ~pyrux cIIeu~an~3nposaHHbIx upe~rIpn~T~nx; a Tamce B3alIMHbIe Hoce~eHHR Bbl6paHHb~ 06~eKTOB cHeUHa~HcTaMM B o6RacTH 6noGe3or~acHocTu, cosepIIlaeMue I10 Ilp~r~aIIleHn~o. 2 BceM~pHa~s opraH~3aL~ ~pasooxpaHeH~. 1993 ro~. ~Ia6opamopHoe cnpaffoRHoe pylcoBo~cmeo no 6uode3onacuocmu, 2-a~ pe~aKum. ~CeHesa: B03. 58

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O~AEME'IE 3ATPAThI O*ll~aeTCH, HTO Ha MOMeHT pa3pa60TKH ~a3M 2, poccn~cKne y~acTsymmne OpraHH3aUMM 6y~yT B COCTORHHM BM~a~HBaTB SHaY~TeRbHO 60~b~y~ pacts MX SaTpaT B paMKaX 3TlIX COBMeCTHbIX MepOIlpH~THH. KpOMe TOrO, peKOMeH,QyeTCH Ha,~e)KaIUMI! rIepexo~d Measly ~MHaHCHpOBaHMeM ~HU~UamUffb! ~ o6~acmu namocenoe ~ t~HaHcosou no~ep*Kou HpOeKTOB B Oase 2. B YaCTHOCTH, KaK yKaSaHO B Ta6~nue E-2, ~HaHc~posaH~e Tpex~eTH~x HpOeKTOB B TeHeHMe DIOC~e,JHUX '~ByX ~eT 0NUqUamUeb! ~ o6~acmu namozenoe ,lO=CHO oGecne~Tb sa*Hy~o ocHosy ~esTe~bHocTn ~ r~epsbIx ~syx ~eT 4>asbI 2. BpeMn, Tpe6yI0~eeCH ~ HO~HOM paSpa6oT~ ~aSM 2 SaB~CHT B 60~bm0H cTeneHM OT pOCCH~CKOH 3KOHOMlIKII 11 IIpilOplITeTOB, yCTaHOB;IeHHbIX p;]ISI DeRTe~bHOCTH B HaUpaBReHMM OHaCHbIX IIaTOreHOB. TaK KaK pOCCHuCKaH 3KoHoM~Ka, HaBepHOe, 6y,leT ocTaBaTbcH cHa601i B TeHeHHe ,leCHT=eTH~ H~H 60Ree, B OTHO~eHMM HeKOTOpOM pOCCH~CKOH ~eRTeRbHOCTH 6y~eT Heo6xo~nMa no~ep*Ka CWA. B YaCTHOCTH, aMep~KaHCKHM BK~a~ B pOCCH~CKy~ HaCTb paCXO,QOB MO*eT 6bITb COCpe,QOTOHeH Ha (~) SaKynKaX ClIeUManH3MpOBaHHOrO 060py,loBaHMR ~ BCHOMOraTeRBHb~ MaTepHaROB, Hpe~Ha3HaHeHHbIX ~H 3KCHep~MeHTOB B PoccHM, KOTOpbIe HeHOCpe~CTBeHHO CBR3aHM C 3KCHep~MeHTaMM B COe~HHeHHbIX ~TaTaX AMep~KH; a TaK*e (2) Me~yHapO~HbIX HOe3~KaX H36paHHbIX pOCCH~CKHX ~aCTH~KOB, KOTOpbIe B HpOTHBHOM c~y~ae, BepO~THO, He CMOr~H 6bI HpHeXaTb B COeD~HeHHbIe ~TaTM AMep~KH. O~HaKO, aMep~KaHCKHe DeHe*HbIe CpeDCTBa DOR*HbI MCHO~b30BaTbCH, B OCHOBHOM, ~H HOKpbITHR 3aTpaT aMep~KaHCKHX ~aCTH~KOB. ~e3 yUeTa MHtRRUHM 3aTpaTbI COeD~HeHHbIX ~TaTOB AMep~KH HO BbIHO~HeHMIO DeBTeRBHOCTH B xoDe ~a3b! 2 OUeH~BaeTCH HpH6~3HTeRbHO B pa3Mepe 10 M~H. aMep~KaHCKHX DO~apOB B ro~. OKono 5 M~H. aMep~KaHCKHX DO=apOB (50%) 6yneT sb~e~eHo Ha no~ep*Ky paCXO~OB aMep~KaHCKHX COTpy~H~KOB, HpH 3TOM Ka~bIM H3 paCHeTHbIX 60 coTpy~H~Kos (no 20 HOBbIX COTpy~H~KOB Ha BbIHORHeHMe Tpe~eTH~X HpOeKTOB Ka~bIM ro~) HO~HT B CpeDHeM 80000 aMep~KaHCKHX DO=apOB B ro~ 3a ~x pa6OTy. Dono~H~Te~bHo 2 M~H. aMep~KaHcKmx ~onnapos (20%) 6y~eT sb~e~eHo Ha a,qM~HucTpaTusHbIe pacxo~b~, csn3aHHbIe c aMep~KaHCK~M yHaCTHeM B KOMUCCHM ~ ee rpynnax cneu~an~cTos, KoTopoe 6y~eT Hac~nTbIsaTb 5 ~TaTHbIX ~eHOB, pa60TalO~MX Ha HORHylO CTaBKy. OKORO ~ M~H. aMep~KaHcKnx,qomapos (10%) 6y~eT sb~e~eHo Ha Ilpose~eHne ceM~Hapos, ~enTe~bHocTb IIO pa3pa60TKe HpOeKTOB ~ 3aCe,QaHHn HO H~aH~pOBaHH~ ~ OUeHKe Me~y pOCCH~CK~MM ~ aMep~KaHcK~Mn crIeL~uanucTaMu. OcTasmneca 2 M~H. aMep~KaHCKHX DO=apOB (20~) 6y~yT BbIZI;eReHbI Ha HO=ep*Ky HOTpe6HOCTeH pOCCH~CKHX CHeQ~aRMCTOB, KOTOpbIe Bb~O~T 3a rpaHHUbI MMe~MXCH y H~X CpeDCTB: He60RbW0e 060py~0BaHHe ~H HpOBe~eHMR SKCHep~MeHTOB, HpeDCTaBRH~MX OC06bIM MHTepeC =H COe~HHeHHb~ ~TaTOB AMep~K~, ~ CBH3aHHbIe C HpOeKTOM Me~yHapO~HbIe HOe3~KH HeKOTOpbIX yHaCTH~KOB (paCHeTHbIe 3aTpaTbI Ha CyMMy 35000 aMep~KaHCKHX ~O=apOB B ro~ Ha upoeKT). CTa6~JIbHOe aMepilKaHCKOe tHHaHCHpOBaHHe 4)a3bI ~ HeCOMHeHHO nOTpebyeT COr~a~eHHR Me~y MCHORH~TeRbHOM BeTBb~ ~ KOHrpeCCOM B OTHOWeHHM HO~CTpO~HOrO HyHKTa B 6IO~eTe BbI6paHHOrO Be~OMCTBa. ~pe~CTaB~eTCH Hpe~eBpeMeHHbIM rOBOp~Tb O TOM, KaKOe BeDOMCTBO DO~*HO HMeTb tHHaHCOBOe 06~3aTeRbCTBO. O~Ip;AEMBIE PE3YJIETAThI [lpOrpaMMa (I)a3bI 2 6yDeT Hpe~OCTaBR~Tb =H ~ByX CTpaH tHHaHCOBbIe, Hay~HbIe CTlIMy~bI ~ CTHMy~bI B OTHOWeHMM COBMeCTHOrO MCHORb30BaHHR MHtOpMaUMeM B ue~nx pacmnpeH~n ~ cTa6~3aunn csn3en Me~y uX cr~eunan~cTaMn. B~nHne KOHKpeTHOn cosMecTHon lenTe~bHocTn Ha rIpo6neMbI o6~ecTseHHoro a~pasooxpaHeHnH ~ upoUne HpO6~eMbI Tpy~HO CHpOrH03MpOBaTb, O~HaKO, pOCCHUCKHe ~ aMep~KaHCKHe CHeUMaRMCTbI HeHOKORe6MMbI B CBOeM peW~MOCTH BHeCTH Cy~eCTBeHHMM BK~a~ B STy 06~aCTb, HpeDCTaB=~ylO HeOC~a6eBa~H MHTepeC BO BCeM MNpe. 59

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Han60Ree BepORTHOe De~CTBMe CTa6~bHOH HpOrpaMMb! IT Bbip~aTbCH B KOppeKTlIpOBKe CTpyKTypbI pOCCH~CKOrO Hay~HO-MCCRe0OBaTe~bCKOrO HpeDUpH~T~, SaH~Ma~erOC~ HpO6ReMaMM OHaCHb1X HaTOreHOB. ~CCReDOBaTeRbCKHe HpOeKTb! IT B SHaH~TeRbHOM CTeHeHM CKOHUeHTpUpOBaHb! B He60~bW0M HUcRe HaH~yHm~x B CTpaHe OpraHH3aUHM, KOTOpble CTaHyT HeHTpaMM OTT. HeKOTOpble 60Ree curable opraHHaauHn Me,D;~eHHO yTpaTHT CBO~ CHOCO6HOCTb HpOBO~HTb Hay~Hble MCCReDOBaHMR B 06~aCTH OHaCHb1X IIaTOreHOB, ~ CTOJIKHyTbCH C ewe 60Rb~eH Tpy~HOCTb~ B OTHOWeHHM paCHOp~eHHR tHHaHCOBOM HO=ep*KOM TaKOH pa60TbI, HeM B HECTORS KpH3HCHbIM HepHoD. Heo6xo~nMo 6y,qeT Hpe~Hp~HSTb ocobb~e ycu~n ~ oGecne~eHnn HODrOTOB~eHHOCTH 60~ee CHRbHb1X OpraHMSaUMM Op~H~Tb HeKOTOpb1X yUeHb1X HS 60~ee c~a6b~x MHCTHTyToB' HT06b! OHM He C06Ra3HMRMCb Ha nepe~a~y Mx Hoy-xay rocyDapcTBaM' Bbl3bIBammMM OHaCeHH~ B OTHOWeHMM paCHpOCTpaHeHMH. XOTH KOHCORM~aUMR B pOCCHUCKOM MCC~e~OBaTeRbCKOM KOMH~eKCe 6y~eT KaSaTbCH Hensbe*Ho~, n0~06HoH KOHCORM~aUMeH HeO6XO~HM0 6y~eT BH~MaTeRbHO pyKOBO~HTb. EC~H COeQHHeHHMe ~TaTb] AMep~KH ~ POCCH~ 6Y~YT B COCTORHHM HpOBO~HTb KOHCTpyKTHBHy~ COBMeCTHy~ pa6oTy Ha HpOT~eHHM ~HTe~bHOrO BpeMeHM, Me~yHapO~HbIM DHHROMaTHHeCKHM TOH B STOH 06RaCTH MO*eT 6bITb 3HaHUTe~bHO y~yH~eH, HTO Hp~BeDeT K HOBOMy ~ B~HOMy OCRa6ReHH~ yRpO3bI paCHpOCTpaHeHHR ~ TeppOpH3Ma, a TaK*e K y~yH~eHM~ pOCCHUCKO-aMep~KaHCKHX OTHOWeHMM B 06RaCTH, KOTOpaR CRH~KOM HaCTO HpepbIBaRaCb KORKOCTHMM ~ H3BUTeRbHOCTb~. KpOMe TOrO, ~ORrOCpO~HaH COBMeCTHaR DeRTe~bHOCTb BHeCeT 60RbW0H BKRaD B CHH*eHMe BCeM~pHOH OHaCHOCTH, KOTOp HpeDCTaB=~T HOBble ~ BHOBb HO~B~HeCH MHteKUMOHHble 3a60ReBaHMH. 60

Representative terms from entire chapter:

odnacmu namocenoe