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award. Postsecondary teachers of science and engineering were from 23 to 36 percent of the total.
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The proportions working as scientists or engineers, on the other hand, decreased as years since doctorate increased. Of those with 5 years or less since doctorate 52 percent were scientists and 13 percent were engineers; of those more than 25 years since doctorate 33 percent were scientists and 7 percent were engineers.
Retention and Mobility
In this report, the percentage of employed individuals with degrees in a particular field that were also working as practitioners or postsecondary teachers in that specialty is called the “retention rate” of the field.
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In 1995 the retention rates ranged from highs in computer sciences and psychology, 72 and 71 percent, respectively, to a low of 41 percent for agricultural/environmental sciences doctorates (see Table 11 ).