Doctoral Scientists and Engineers in the United States 1995 Profile

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Table of Contents
Front Matter R1-R8
INTRODUCTION 1-2
DISTRIBUTION BY FIELD 3-3
Gender 4-4
Year of Doctorate 5-5
Citizenship Status 6-6
EMPLOYMENT STATUS 7-7
UNEMPLOYMENT RATES 8-10
EMPLOYMENT SECTOR 11-11
OCCUPATION 12-12
Retention and Mobility 13-13
PRIMARY WORK ACTIVITY 14-15
SALARY 16-16
RELATIONSHIP OF PRINCIPAL JOB TO DOCTORAL DEGREE 17-18
Academic Rank 19-20
Tenure 21-22
NUMBER OF POSTDOCS 23-23
REASONS FOR HOLDING POSTDOCS 24-24
1995 POSTDOCS 25-25
RELEVANCE OF POSTDOC TO 1995 PRINCIPAL JOB 26-26
5 SECOND JOB 27-28
6 EMPLOYMENT CHANGES SINCE 1993 29-30
ARTICLES 31-32
PATENTS 33-34
FOREIGN WORK OR RESEARCH 35-35
WORK-RELATED TRAINING 36-37
FURTHER EDUCATION 38-38
Contents 39-84
SAMPLE DESIGN 85-85
DATA PREPARATION 86-86
RELIABILITY 87-88
APPENDIX B 1995 SURVEY COVER LETTERS AND QUESTIONNAIRE 89-114
APPENDIX C Description of Terms 115-116
APPENDIX D Ph.D. Fields in the 1995 Survey of Doctorate Recipients 117-122
APPENDIX E Occupation Codes 123-126

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TABLE 1 Distribution of Science and Engineering Ph.D.s in the United States, by Field of Doctorate, 1995

Field of Doctorate	Number	Percent
All Fields	542,500	100.0
Computer Sciences	6,600	1.2
Mathematical Sciences	25,200	4.6
Chemistry	61,400	11.3
Physics and Astronomy	38,700	7.1
Earth/Atmospheric/Marine Sciences	16,500	3.0
Agricultural/Environmental Sciences	22,400	4.1
Biological Sciences	109,900	20.3
Health Sciences	16,900	3.1
Social Sciences	75,800	14.0
Economics	22,500	4.1
Political Sciences	16,300	3.0
Sociology	23,000	4.2
Other Social Sciences	13,900	2.6
Psychology	82,200	15.1
Engineering	87,000	16.0
Aerospace/Aeronautical	3,800	0.7
Chemical	12,600	2.3
Civil	7,700	1.4
Electrical/Electronics	22,900	4.2
Industrial	2,400	0.4
Mechanical	10,600	1.9
Other Engineering	27,000	5.0
SOURCE: National Research Council/National Science Foundation, Survey of Doctorate Recipients, 1995.

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