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=hlbit C
~_
PROGRESS IN i~:GS AS RID TO S~7I~T'ilAIl;ON (19$9-40)
Lorenz G. Straub
University of ~esota,
Con eapolis, hEimiesota
Activity in hydre;ul~s ~ related to sediment transportation and
erosion has been exceedingly great during the past year and numerous
contributions have been made to the scions' tic literature on the subject.
Publications have been so prolific that it is :~.~t unlikely that even a
searching review of the l~te:rature w~11 rot be wi^~hotlt temporary ove: -
sights of some noteworthy Works. In the brief review here presented
attention is focused primarily on the work of the past year, although in
a few instances reteronco is made to work of the previous year, part~cul=~-
ly to s~nposi~s on the general sect of sedi~tativ~ as xclated to
direr hydraull¢s problms.
Cony Critics on the hydraulics of.sedir~=tation are of ~ rando,:
naive, but studios halo boon stimulator and many of the research
projects crystall~od as the robust of sovowal specially scheduled
contoroncos, all of which t=~o not yot condo to com.p1~c fruition. The
publications of the important international cor,[~ences, nesting the
latter half of 1938, have appeared in the Past Year:
_ - .*
these refer to
the Sixth Baltic lIydrological Cv:aforence held in Lubeck, Ge~y,
August 15~20. 1938 (~-12)*. and to Fifth International Congress for
Applied Mechanics held ao Forward University and Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Oxbridge, Massachusetts, September 12-16, 1938 (13) ~
At the Applica Mechanics Conter~ce many problorns of fluid mecl:~ies
and fluid turbulence were discussed in detail, em: d the mechanics of
sediment suspensions was given £;ane consideration; mile at the Baltic
Conference Amorous river hydraulics problems were discussed, including
strea:m-bed forms and sediment transportation by flowing cater.
During the past year there Were scheduled fcDu:r contorences
which brought forth numerous observations and treatments of the ,~3nera1
problem of sed~me:~t transportation by rivers and related occurrences.
- Abets in parentheses refer to the numbers of the references at
the clo se cat this art! cle .
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number of papers were presented before the Section of Flydro1~3y,
America Geophysical Orion, at the meeting In 1939, April 26-29 (14),
another group at the Hydraulics Conference at Iowa City, Sponsored by
the Citric Eogineering Division of the Society for the Promotion of
Er~gineerin~ Education ma the Iowa Tote for Hydraulic Research,
June 12-15 (15), and a number of especially noteworthy papers of
interest by foreign observers (16-29) were presented at the meeting
of the Commission of Potamalogy, International Association of Sc~e~ntific
Hydrology, hell in Washington, September 4-15-, 1939. At this same
~termtional congress there was held at the Hydrauli cs Laboratory of
the Bureau of Standards a ''Round Table Discussion of the Role of
Hydraulic Laboratories ire Geophysical Research" (30-37~.
l
One of the topics for da scuss~an at the meeting of the Commission
of Potamalogy was phased as follows: "Studies of conditions under..wkdch
solid material is transported in streams with movable beds, evolution of
the bed fo~--fo:~tion of banks, bars and holes, laws of transportation
of material' especially with regard to the speed and depth of water, the
specific weight and dim - aions of materials, according to laboratory
tests and direct observation of natural strews."
. .
Countries presenting
pacers (16~29) include Be~i~, I:>e~n~, France, Gentry' Great
Britain, Italy, Latvia, Netherlands, Poland, =itzerla~, United States
and United Socialist Soviet Union. The broad international scope is
fair index of the work being done in the field of the mechanics of
sediment transportation by flowing water. ,` discussion of the content
of this imposing group of papers will be let t for- another time, when,
items hoped, they will be generally available as printed proceedings
of the International Associate Cal of Scientific F^yd:rology.
Soothe r meeting of international scope concerned esp ecially With
the genera subject of sed=~t transportation b-' rivers was scheduled
by the Internat~or~al Association for Hydraulic Structures Research, to
hairs been held in Liege the latter part of Septenber of last year.
This conference, of course, was.=laitied in consequence of the
~nte~ational tension which developed not long before the scheduled
time of the meeting. lIowever, considerably activity was stimulated
in the field of river hydraulics as related to sediment transportation
by virtue of the scheduled p:rogr~. Symposiums were to be presented
on "Bed-Load Transportation Research" and "Scour below Weirs."
The modern hydraulic laboratory is taking an ever-increas~ngly
important r61e in research in the various sedimentation probers.
Inch has been accosted In obtaining concerted action by a publica-
tion of the United States National Bureau of Standards, Hydraulic
Laboratory, on current hydraulic research in the United States (38~.
Here a brief resume is given of the status of current projects, a
large percentage of which are concerned with sediment transportation by
flowing water. Other material of importance presented in Chin publica
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~hibit C
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lion includes the a~ouncem~t of translation of pertinent foreign
articles being undertaken at the various hydraulic research institutes
of the country.
Patterned after the to~ of the Bureau of Standards Hydraulic
Laboratory researd:h resume ~ the i~ugurati on of si rn' lar periodical s
was started, one covering the research work in the hydraulic laboratories
of Russia (39), and another published by the Int¢rnatiom1 Association
for Hydraulic Structures Research (40), wash is intended to cover the
field of current work in hydraulic structures research, inclusively witl:
the exception of those ~n the United States arid the U.S.S.R.
River Model Studies
In recent years the river r.^ode1 has rapidly found an potent
place in hydraulic laboratory word:. Averments are made on movable-bed
river models with a view of obtaining an e-~erim~ent~ analysis of projected
river control structures. Tn the United States the O. :~. finer
Department, the Bureau of Recl~nastion, any the Soil Conserration Ser~rice
have especially bocn conc~ed with work of this character; likewise
the Tennessee Valley Authority and many university laboratories. With
a-view of crystallizing the fundamentals of this type of laboratory
research Ad to assist with the standardization of the present rather
heterogeneous system of symbols am nomenclature the Committee on -
Hydraulic Research of the ~nericax~ Society of Civil :Rng~neers is pre,~ar-
ing a 'laboratory Meal for :86~drau~ic .~.Iode! Studies," now in a preliminary
form ~41~.
Icicles have appeared both in this country and abroad concerned
particularly with the 1indtations of model expe~me~al wo=. Thus ~n
a paper on "Ptiver Physics laboratories of Grope and America" (42) a
review is presented of the river Eden e:~periments recent1~- performed ~n
} - ope ariL Arid nnd their significance. :Discussic'n i s g' ven of the
tidal experiments on smoked of the Severe River, Gee experiments on
models of the Abe, the Rhine, and experiments on models of the
Mississippi, rivers of India, and others. the results of recent
investigations at hydraulic laboratories in Ge~ny (43) are discussed,
giving consideration to sedi~nm;t transportation, levee construction,
and the like.
The 1'mitations of applicability of the results obtained from raved
model studios have been discussed both in tI:Lis country and abroad
(44-49~. Questions for discussion involved the distortion of models
with reference to depth, the use of granular material in models with
lower specific ~,ra~ty than the s=d fouled in actual rivers, and many
other points of interest. With the v=' ous types of disto:ction Enrolled,
it ~s well pointed out that rather than referring to "si:.~ilarity" in
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Alibi ~ C
-
models probably "correspondi~" accurre:aces ~vould be more appropr~ate.
The verification of model occurrences by comparing to the prototype have
been all too infreo.,ueat, but some studies of this character ails now
being made. Thus, ~t has been found that the scour below a heir on the
upper Rhine Biver, which had keen designed Etch the aid Qua experimental
a:rnlys~s some ten years ago, showed a good agreement of the present
condition in velure Its those observed in the.rivex ~ode1 (5O).
Other special studies win the use of models include sedimentation
at the confluence of rivers (51) ~ studies of meats of model strew
(52), the resistance to fro'' of water along; ~ tortuous stretch of river
and in a small-sca;Le model of the 5~T~ {53), and the formation of sand
bans and sand ripples Pith obstruction (piers and sills), bends and
contraction works (54~. Descriptions have been presented of net river
hydraulic laboratories (55) including what is called the first river
bydraul~c laboratory of Cbina (56~.
Laboratory Studies of Bed-Load ~nt1
__ _ _ __
Sus~ded-Load \£ovement by Flowi:n~ Water
,, . ~___
Some studies are in progress under idealized conditions of bee-load
fran~portat~on by flowing water. ~ recent nap er on tb; s subject describes
laboratory investigation of the probl=s of flue fraction Id tr~spor-
tat~on (57~. Another paper related to this general problem describes
e~er~;ental studies of the transportation of sand and gra~rei in alpine
11ne- (58) ~ Studies made abroad are reported, ~ndica-tir~ the dependence
of bed-load movement upon form of: Brain and te:.;pe~ature (therefore
viscosity) of the water (59~. ~ strut ~ result of this investigation
is the great increase in sedi'~entar`y load with decrease in viscosity of
the wate:e, thus ind~catix~ that turbulence plays ~ important role in
the mechanics of bed-10ad movement. i3~pe:rim.~ental studies ~ve been made
of the velocity of water and its orosiYe~ess in effect erosion process (6O) .
Viscosity, of course, plays an important :cole in the movement of
sedimentary Aerial by suspension. Boils practical Ad idealized discus-
sions have been presented recently on this g;e:ueral sub ject. Papers
have been given on suspended-load control and the problem of channel
stab' lizatio3a ~ 61), the hydrod~ical theory of the viscosity ~ f suspen-
s~ns (62), the motion of o~31indri~ particles in viscous flow (63),
and a discussion of the flow of plastic am pseudo~plastic materials as
Compared with and in contrast to viscous flow (64~.
Tne ~ of Turbulence as Rented to
~ ~ ~ _
Sediment Tr~portat~on ~ F10wi~ Water
The theory of fluid turbulence has developed rapidly the last
several years and is now providing a possible exp1~ation and rational
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~_
e~lamliontor the meccas of sediment transportation. Although much
~$ to be accomplished in this Modern field of thouglit, several
well-conceived. disc~ssiox~ have been presented: both ire this country and
abroad. Thus' using the. kinetic theory of gases as a basis j
differential equations have been developed for the suspends load of a
aired in general' in a two-dimensional homogeneous streets, Id finally
in a tu~pu~ent stream (65), Application Q. start principles ~d
turbulent Research to bed-load movement as well -as to suspended load
indicates that a mode general theory Will eventually be developed with
this approach ~ 66-69 ~ .
It in now generally recognized that ~ theory; of sediment trans-
portation by flowing water canon be complete without consideration of
fluid turbulence. ~ general theory, therefore, can become finite
com3?1ex~ Various approaches to tile problan are now being proposed;
come of them consider only bulk factors, others Bra the mechanic of
internal turbulence in scme detail. Tho practicing engineer prefers to
deal With bulk factors provided they give reasonably reliable results.
A mmber of checks have been made on the mono rational analysis involving
consideration. of mechanism of internal turbulenes, and it As; quite
. . . . .. . ...
likely that a usable procedure will be developed as more data become
available, Various approaches are we11 presented by ~ for of
American and foreign papers which halve appoorod in taco course of the pest
ycccr (70-79).
. .
P`ivers River :Estuar~as Id Bach ~rcs~on
; tDiSCUSsioOS at the be~=c:r of rivers with rarti collar reference
to their sedimental, charact~istic,s have been frequent. A study of
the water a~ sediment movement in serpentined river stretches was
presented (80) and general fundamental principles for the regulation~=d
-improvement of an alluvial river (81). Ol;hear papers include a study
of solid matter discharge in rivers With sandy beds (82) with particular
reference to the Don River, also the Whine in Holland (83), the F=is
River in centre;L Sweden (84), the Yellow Diver of Bra (85), and
others. A study of materi~.S in su£;pens~Gn tn the Mississippi River
(86) and discussion regarding the erect of cut-offs ~n the lower
river upon its regimen have appeared (87~90). Other studies include
salt problems of I~=iaQ 3Orrigatio:n Strict as Erected by completion
of Boulder Dam (91), the depos:~tion of sediment in rese:r~roirs (92),
a~ the functions of - Debris dams ~ 93 ~ .
. . .
. . ... .
. Hydraulic model studies hairs been made of harbor problems (94-95)
and the influence of sedi::.:ent neon in a tided river (96~; other
tidal model experiments were in connection with the R~oon River and
the mouth arms of the Irawadi Ever delta (gal.
i- .. . .
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Me problem of beach oros~o:~ has been discussed from the v~ew-
point of the engineer (-98~, giving a short geological, hydrographic class
fication of the coast of the U. S. A., also the deve~opme~Lt and ~stalla-
t~on of laboratory facilities for the investigation of evade tanks on
beaches (99~. Studies have been Made re~;ardi~ the inclination of the
strand alo~ sandy beach shores (100-101), ~;ivin,~ co=~derat~on to the
principal direction of the wind Id the mean grain size of to-, m£tteria1
to~ng the strand. Other studies were trade of erosion and sedimenta-
t~or~, that is, rise and f~1 of sand along the Ligurian coast (102~.
Miscellaneous Studies, Mechanical Analysis of Sediment
~ ~. u ~_ . ~. ~.
I especially co~rohens~ve treatment of the general subject of
sedimentation was presented as ~ symposium (103~; included are sections
on transportation of detritus by bang; water, effect of transportation
on sediment particles, et cetera. Another treatise on sedimentation
appearing in 1939 presonts a cc~prehe~as~ve discussion of the sources of
sediment (104), the onviro~ntal [actors that influence their productions
transportation and deposition, et cetera. Other reports include the
measui:.ement of sediment discharge e (105), observations of the influence
of forest upon the soil am detritus fo~tion (106), silt problem
of tlie western part of the United States (107), am the report of the
Committee on Dynamics of Streams of the Inert can Geophysical Union
conk an extensive bibliography covering a two-year period of
literature appearing in various languages (1Q8), referring in part to
(a) investigations of regimen of stirrers and bed load studies, (b)
mechenias of sedimentation; suspended load of rivers; de:~sity currents;
sedimentation tn reservoirs, and (c) miscellaneous river hydraulic
studies i nvol~i~ sea, mentati on p roblem$ .
A number of discussions Gaffe appeared regarding the classification
and graphical representation of the ~cnechan~cal composition of sedimentary
radial ~ lO9-112 ~ .
Concorde Co_
The transportation of solid materials by moving fluid forms one
of the most complex fields of hydraulic research. q:hus, the vagaries
in the behavior of rivers have long been and still are baffling to the
most careful observers. The river hydraulic laboratory is now aiding
materially in the closer observation of sediment transportation phenomena,
for here some of the variables ca:a be controlled arid the observations
made under more or less idealized conditions.
The various co~l~cti~ statements which have appeared from time
to time in the past emphasize the importance of the careful observation
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_nibit C
in nature ~:a order to establish merge definitely the physical facts and
provide ~ finger basis for a mathematical approach. certainly, detritus
motion is not yet clarified, either in its mechanics or in its practic~J.
aspects. However, the prober is further complicated by the difficulty
of ma;ki~ robe field observations. Innumerable types of sediment
traps have variously been dew sed for making observations of the
transportation of material Plow the strums: beds end others for determi:?.-
in;g Mounts nod character of the ~ter~a:L transported in suspension.
Studies are now in progress to ascertain the relative merits of these
various devices.
The internal turbulence of a stream is now becoming generally
recognized as of importance in the suspended load distribution. Thus,
the theory of turbulence is now being tal:en into account in the general
theory of sediment transportation. This increases the complexity of
the analysis but should teed to focal points, eventually providing a
better concept of the nature of the transportation phenomena. Mthc~gh
this notion has been recently,,? well crystallized for the part of the
strew some distance above the bed, the nech~is~n of turbulence is still
very bluely understood in the 'mediate region of the strew bed.
Analytical treatments have bed proposed regarding; the forces on the
~ndi~dual stream bed particle at impending ~:Lot~on. This latter problem
must be further studied in the light of information regarding the
laninar film boundary layer.
The :~ath~tical fonnulat ~ on of many localized phenomena of bod-
load rnove~nent returns unaccompl' shed. :~3ed movement is recognized to
occur variously as a relative!'; smoothly moving sheet in which individual
particles progress un~for~nly with Mite ~perceq?tible pulsations, as
ripples in batch ~.ndividue1 particles come to rest completely pe£.iodi~
cally, as large sand or g~ave1 bars ~cli progressively move much after
the fashion of sand dunes and as ~ combination or inte=~cdinto condition
of these Perry typos of motion. The condition also exists in which ~
pa:r~icular type of form.atio n robins fixed <~d the sand progresses through
the foundation Mtho'.:t ch~gi~ the location of the latter. Some of
these phenomena have bash recognized as stable conditions reproducible
under laboratory control =~ yet their o-~lar`ation is still vague.
Certainly, definite progress Is being made. The introducta on
of dimensionless parameters has variously bee:a suggested ~ a means of
defining sediment transportation occurrences, at least under idealized
conditions. It is q~te-possitIe that by such maws the physical
[actors influenc~:~; the various types of movement can be identified.
Some progress has been show by this method of attach Although the
theory Id laboratory hare been used as tools in the solution of sed~-
ment transportaticI1 problems, it is quite important ~Q recognize that
much observational work remains to be accomplished on rivers ther:sel~res
for the complete understanding of the sediment transportation problems.
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Inhibit C
_
,
Seifert, Rudolf. Methodik fir die Messung von Geschiebe-, Sink-
und Schwebestoffneng;en, I~up~bericht 19 , 10 pp ., VI Baltische
Hydro l ogi s che Konf er ens, 1 9 38 .
2, I3rk, Walter. ~ethodik fir die ~essung von GLescl~iebe-, Sink- used
Schwebestof~engen, Bericht 19 B (Germany), 16 pp., ibid.
3. Le~pik, ~on. lldethodik fur die Mess von Geschiebe-, Sink- und
Schwebestof~engen, Bericht 19 C ~ ;E3;thonia), 15 pp., ibid.
4. K~etax~owicz, Zb~gmew. Untersu~ungsmethoden dex S~nkstofibewegung
in den Plilssen Sudpolens, Bericht 19 D (Poland), 19 pp`, ibid.
5. Prat je, Otto. Die Mat erialwanderung an den Ei~sten der Ostsee und
ibre Berechn~g nach der Fo~l von Ix';unch-Petersen' ~;pt-
bericht 11, 8 pp., ilbid.
6. Was~n~d, ;Brich. Orenzen der Bsrechnung gesteinstransportierender
Ktafte an der deutschen Ostsee~ste, Bericht 11 A (Ge=}any),
11 pp ., ~bi d.
7. Leppik, ~on. Zur Frage der Sinkstoff- ux~d ~schiebe~ ng an
~deeresk:sten. Bericht 11 B (Esthonia), 10 pp., ibid.
8. K~naps, B. P~fu~ der }Po~1 von Prof. Munch-Petersen ~ber ~ter~al-
wanderung a:n der lettischen Ku-ste, :Beri cht 11 C (Latria3,
60 pp., ibid.
9. Bevel~s, Paul~s. b~terialwanderung an der lettischen Kuste,
Bericht 11 D (Latvia>, 30 pp., ibid.
10. :~)lusk~, Ste Z~um Problem der Wanderung von Kuste~aterial an der
polui$chen Ostseek~ste, Bericht ll E (Poland), 14 pp., ib~d.
ll. Rozankowski, A. D'e I(u$te an der We~chselmundung, llitteilung zu
14 (Poland), 2Spp., ~b~d.
12. L~db~e, J. T. Stud~e~3L uber Jleeresablageru~gen in den danischen
Gewassern, Bericht 19 ~ (I)enmq~, 5 pp., nb'4,
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13. Proceedings of the Fifth International Congress for Applied
Inhibit C
. _
._ ~
7;lech=~cs, John Wiley tc Sons, Inc., New York, 748 pp., 1939.
14. Transactions, American Geophysical Union, National llesearcl:`
Council, Part IV, 741 pp.' AllguSt 1939.
15 . Proceedings of Hydrauli cs Conference. Bull etin GO, ITnivers~ty
of Towa Studies in engineering, 247 pp., starch 1940.
16. White, C. M. '~e ::nfluence of Transported Solids upon Rivers.
British Research, Question 3, Report 1, Proceedings of
International Association for Scientific Hydrology, 23 pp.,
Gauth;~Vi1lars, Paris, 1939 (~n page proof: publ~catio}:
del ayes by international confli ct ~ .
17. Bonnet, L., ala To-, T. }testis sur nodes conduit pour up
seuil de fleuve maritime, Question 5, Report 2, 13 pp., ibid.
18. I~Iatakiewicz, M. tier GescI~ebebewe~g, Question 3, Report 3,
15 pp., ibid.
19. Schaank, 13. 1~. :~. He Transportation oft Sand in Divers,
Question 3, Report 4, 17 Ply, itia.
20. Tison, L. J. Erosion du fond des cours d'eau, Question 3, Report
5, 14 pp., ibid,
21. Glangeaud, L. Le mouveme:nt des students et la formation des
banes, sculls et moll~lles dans la heroine et ltestua~re de
la Gironde, Question 3, Report 6, 14 pi., ibid.
22. Debaki, ~z~mie=. DB:r Geschiebetrisb Am Flussbette der Wisla,
QUQS1iOIL 3, Report 7, 8 pp., ibid.
23. Seifert . Untersuchungen uber der Gesctiebe~hrung von Wasserlauten
mat boweglichem Bett, besonders uber die Austild~ der
:Flussohle in Sa:ndbar~ken und Kolken: ~sa~enhnng des
Geschiobetriets mit den Pliesageschwind~gkeit, der Wassertiefe,
dam ~nheit~ewicht und der Kox~gr~sse des Geschiebes, nac:b
Laboratoriumsversuchen und Boobachtun~gen, Question 3, Report
&, 14pp., ibid.
24, Van V - n, A. Rec3ierches geo-hyd~iogiques dans 1e Pas-de-Calais,
Question 3, Report 9, 12 pp., ~bid.
25. ~eyer-Pete~r, :E:. Das Profile dor Gsschiebe~lh~ng Nat~irlicher
Flusse, Question 3, Report 10, 25 pp., ibid.
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26. Vitols, A,lfreds. Beitrag our Losing des Problems der Geschiebebewe-
gu:~' Question 3' Report 11, 24 pp., ibid.
27 . Conti, Luciamo . Traspc~rto solido den corsi d'acqua ri Chicano di
alcune nozioni ge::erall, Questic'n 3, Report 12, 14 pp., ibid.
28. Velikanov, A. A. Formation of Sand Ripples on the Strew Bottom,
Question 3, Report 13, 17 pp., ibid.
29. Straub, I,or~z G. Sediment Transportation by givers, Question 3,
ibi d.
30. Knapp, P`. T.. Density Currents, Topic l(b), P`ound-Table D~s~ssion
on Role of Hydraulic Laboratories in Geophysical Research,
Association of Scientific Hydrology 3!deeti~ in TYashi~ton,
8 mimeographed pp., 19139 (Publication delayed by '~ter~on-
a:l conflicts .
51. Whittield, C. J. Wind Erosion, ~es' etc., Topic 7(a), 8 mimeo-
graphe~pp., ibid.
32. Cook, Howard L. Fro sion of the Soil by Water, Topic 7tb), 10
mi meograp3hed Up . ~ ibid .
33, Happ, Stafford C. Strew and Va;110y :Erosion and Deposition,
Topic 7(c), 5 m~me~raphed pp., ibid.
34. Lymph, Jr., A. M. Silting of P`eservoirs, Topic 7(a), ~ ~neo-
graphed Up ., ibid.
35. Johnson, Joe W. Transportation of Sediment by Strums: Bed Load,
Topic 8(a3, 9 mimeographed pp., ibid.
36. Rouse, Hunter. Lairs of Tr~pportat~on of Sediment by Streams:
Suspended Iliad, Topic 8~), 7 mimeographed pp., ibid.
37. B~bei~, W. C. Settling Velocity ~d the Orientation of Sedi-
mentar~r Particles, Topic 9, 8 mimeographed ply, ibid.
38. Current lIydraulic Laboratory Research in United States, 1;~. S.
National Bureau of Standards, ITydraulic Laboratory Bulletin
7, Series A, 146 pp., T=uaxy 1939.
39. Exchange of Hydrotec~ical Research Results, Bulletin No. 7, USE
Commission f03r E2:cha~;e I By~aulic Oratories Research
Results, 35 pp., Lea~:ngrad, 1936
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40. Iouiende U~tar~uchun~an 1~ ~asserbau11cbes ~ e ~uchswesen' Bulletin
II' ioternatio~1 Association for B9dredlie Structures
Research' IS? >~' lgS8 ~
41. Laboratory Manual for B9drsulic Model Studies, Committee on B~d~aulic
pebea~ob, *Sheridan Society of Civil E~ineera' 94 mimac~taphed
he'd; lam
42. BOse# N" K. 81~8r Pb78108 Iabo~atorica in Europe and America,
~ Proc. ~!. Irate Sdi. Indis' >. 4, pp. 477 ~ ~` lOS8
45. Win H. Wasse~bauliche For bedbug' Deutechs Washers, No. 6
pp" 846^855, lgSg.
44. ThoEpson, Paul W' Hydraulic Gael Tasting in the Spotlights
- Proceedings of B'drauIics Couiers~oe' Bulletin Nb@ 00, 00i~8r-
aity of Iowa Studies in E4~ineeri~' pp. 21-50, ~rcb lg40
. . . . .
45. Thomphon, Paul W; The Use and Tr~stwortbiness of _ ll~scaIe
' Hydraulio ~ d81~, Civil EA~inoer1~, v" 8' pp. 855-257, 1958
46. Vogel' Bdibert D. B9drsulic ~dddls-~GeometricaI or Distorted
~ Pro6~ddin~s of Byd~auties Coh~erenee' Bu11et1n ~0@. 80'
. . . .
UniverSity of Iowa Studies in ~b~ineeri~# pp. 175-177'
~rcb lg40
47. Einstein, R. i., ~ llez, Bob,; ~ er die ~ ichkeit bet
flussbaulicben ~bJellversudben' Schwe1~. Arch. ang8W@ Missy
Tachn", v. 5, pp. 2B6~359, lags
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50. Rehbop~, Th. ~bdelTvaraucbe ~ ar KolLbildu~; und Scat tzenCestal-
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OCR for page 82
-- 82 --
Exhibit C
__ _
. . ~
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. . . . ..
66. (;hislds, A. Application of S~mil~arity Principles and Turbule~:;ce
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. . . . .
. . ~
68. ~linske, A. A. Bela ti ~ of the Statistical Theory of Tu:rbu~ence
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· . . . . · . . .
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~. . .
70. Vitols, Alfreds. Wine verallgemeinerte Hydraulik (Ps~'n~:o
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~, . . .
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.. .
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OCR for page 83
Exhibit C
-- 83 --
. . ,
77. SperliDg. Betrachtu~en uber die Gas chiebobowegu£~g Am
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80. ~Vit~n, H. 17asse3~- und Geschiebobeweg~ ~n gakrur=ten Fluss
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86. Study of ~qter,als ~n Su~pension, ~ssissipp~ River, 11. S.
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87. ~ss~ss~pp~ River Navigation and F1ood Co:~$rol Out-ofts fron:
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OCR for page 84
-- (34 --
Exhibit C
88. I:ississippt Diver Cutoffs Effective, ~r~:neertng News-~ecord, v.
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89. Fergu$on, IIarleyB. Flood Controlof the~ississippi Fiver,
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90. Study of b~ter~a:L:; in Transport Passes of ~ss~ssipp.i River,
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91. Dowd, M. J. It, Problems of ]:mper~al Irrigation District as
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93. Bircher, E. Die Yerl~du~ der Staubecken und Stauh~lt~A~,e~
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93. Eenyon, Jr., :E. C. The Buncos of Debri$-Dams arid the Loss
of Reservoir-~acityr through Silt' no, T;ransact:. ons, I~`eri-
can Geophysical Union, Part 1, pp. 16-20, 3939.
94. Ihompso:rt, P. Yi. Model Tests Solve Harbor Problem, Engineering
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95. Model Study of Outer bar, U. S. \Yaterways liXpeximent Station
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96. Hens en, W. Der Influx der lSrdumdrehung auf Tide,lusse in der
Natur und im Novell, Bautec~ik, No. 21, pp. 235~28£3, 1939.
97. Tidal Models, ~gineer'ng, v. 1AL7, pa;, 43~3-440, 1939.
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OCR for page 85
Exhibit ~
- -
~ - 85 --
102. Ascari, LI., Baccino, L., and ~u'~eti, G. Le :;piagge delta
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spiagge ., I ., VI, 329 pp., Ron~e, 1937 .
103. Trask, Parker I)., editor; several co-authors. Recent Marine
Sediment s, s~m~posimm by Imbibers of Committee on Sedimenta-
tion, N. R. O., Amorican Association 0£ Petroleum Goono-
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104. Twanhotel, W. E. Principles of Sedimentation, McGraw-Mll Book
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und Geschiebebildu~,~ Deutscher Wasserwirtschatt, No. 9,
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308. Straub, Lorenz G. Report off Committee on Dynamics of Streams,
1938-S9, Transactidus, icecap Geophysical Union, Part If,
pp ~ 555-579, ~ 939
109. Cowbell, I?ra~l: B. Graphics] Representation of the I,techanic~
Analyses of Soils, Transactions, American Society of Civil
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110. Umber, Y7. C. Graphic P`esentation and Statistical Analysis
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111. Otto, George H. A Modified [ogar~thmic Probability- Graph for
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112. Otto, George lI.,and Rouse, Hunter. Wind-Tu~el Classifier for
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1939.
Representative terms from entire chapter:
geophysical union
