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The Life Sciences Recent Progress and Application to Human Affairs The World of Biological Research Requirements for the Future (1970)
National Academy of Sciences (NAS)

Page
332
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Page
332
Front Matter (R1-R10)
Contents (R11-R20)
Major Conclusions and Recommendations (1-31)
Chapter 1: Frontiers of Biology (32-35)
The Language of Life (36-51)
The Life and Times of a Cell (52-70)
Development of an Organism (71-79)
Form and Function (80-91)
The Nervous System (92-108)
Behavior (109-114)
Ecology (115-121)
The Origin of Life (122-125)
Heredity and Evolution (126-132)
The Diversity of Life (133-141)
Chapter 2: Biology in the Service of Man- Biological Research and Medical Practice (142-176)
On Feeding Man (177-187)
Man and His Environment (188-194)
Renewable Resources (195-209)
Industrial Technology (210-219)
Chapter 3: The World of Biological Research (220-222)
Where Life Scientists Work (223-228)
Mobility of Life Scientists (229-229)
Previous Education of Working Life Scientists (230-238)
Postdoctoral Training (239-244)
Educational Limitations (245-245)
With What Materials Do Life Scientists Work? (245-247)
With What Species Do Life Scientists Work? (248-251)
What Facilities and Tools Do Life Scientists Use? (252-256)
The Research Group (257-260)
What Do Life Scientists Do? (261-263)
Financial Support of Research in the Life Sciences (264-274)
Research Institutes (275-275)
Natural History Museums (275-275)
Biological Disciplines (276-277)
Chapter 4: The Academic Endeavor in the Life Sciences (278-278)
Academic Departments (279-305)
Medical Schools as Research and Educational Enterprises (306-313)
Agricultural Schools as Research and Educational Enterprises (314-315)
Financing Academic Research in Life Sciences (316-331)
Chapter 5: Requirements for the Future of the Academic Endeavor in the Life Sciences (332-332)
Individual Scientists (333-339)
Department Chairmen (340-350)
National Considerations (351-356)
Chapter 6: Education in Biology (357-359)
Elementary and Secondary Education (360-363)
University Education (364-384)
Chapter 7: Digital Computers in the Life Sciences (385-385)
General Facts about Computer Usage (385-387)
The State of Computer Application in the Life Sciences (388-401)
Conclusions and Recommedations (402-404)
Chapter 8: Communication in the Life Sciences (405-406)
Special Problems in Handling Biological Information (407-407)
Users of Biological Information (408-408)
Informal Information Transfer (408-410)
Primary Publication (411-418)
Review Articles and Data Compliation (419-422)
Secondary Information Services (423-423)
Specialized Information Center (424-424)
Libraries (425-425)
Looking Forward (426-426)
Chapter 9: Biology and the Future of Man- The Nature of Man (427-427)
The Great Hazards (428-451)
The Opportunities (452-470)
Methodology: Survey of Individual Life Scientists (471-499)
Methodology: Survey of Academic Life Science Departments (500-519)
Panels and Contributors (520-526)

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OCR for page 332
CHAPTER FIVE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE FUTU RE OF THE ACADEMIC ENDEAVOR IN THE LIFE SCIENCES The substance of the case for societal support of the research endeavor in the life sciences is presented throughout this report. No natural constraints to this endeavor are evident other than the supply of qualified investigators. If the people of the United States, and indeed all mankind, are to be ade- quately nourished in the future, if we are to pursue with utmost vigor the attempt to understand the nature of life, the nature of man, the diseases to which he is subject, and the environment in which he dwells so that, one day, this knowledge may be utilized to alleviate the human condition, to minimize suffering, and to extend the useful and enjoyable life-span, then the research endeavor in the life sciences must be supported in a manner and on a scale commensurate with our national aspirations in these regards. Both individual investigators and department chairmen were queried with respect to current constraints to research progress. The responses obtained from 10,083 individual scientists engaged in all research areas and employed in all classes of academic and nonacademic institutions were almost monotonously uniform. These are summarized in Tables 49 and 50. Funds, space, and research staff were considered to be serious problems by more than half the scientists who responded. 332

Representative terms from entire chapter:

uniform requirements