Index
A
African Americans, 43, 45, 62-65, 66
military personnel, 222-223, 230-232
Age factors
education and training, 96
elderly persons, 42, 66, 77-79
gender factors and, 43, 44, 225
job stability and security, 77-79, 88, 89
military personnel, 8, 223, 224, 225, 281
minority groups, 42-43
professional and technical workers, 148-149
workforce trends, general, 41, 42-44, 63, 66
Agricultural workers, 59-60, 61, 105, 264
American Management Association, 74, 75, 98, 101
American Society for Training Developers, 95
Anthropological approach 10, 21, 23-24, 25, 48, 286
AP*NET, see Army Personnel Network
Apprentices and trainees, 179, 188
attitudes toward work, 57
General Aptitude Test Battery, 337
see also Skills
Armed Forces Qualification Test, 226
Armed Forces Vocational Aptitude Text Battery, 245
Army, see Military personnel
Army After Next, 237
Army Occupational Analysis Survey, 256
Army Personnel Network (AP*NET), 9, 259, 261, 262, 284-285
AT&T, 74
Attitudes and beliefs
clerical workers, 52-55
compensation, 50-51, 52-53, 56, 57
decision-making role and, 52-53, 84-85, 106
downsizing, 75-76, 77, 100, 270
gender factors, 50-51
meaning of work, 49-57, 97, 274
occupational groupings, 106
professional and technical workers, 51, 52-55
service workers, 52-55
social-psychological contracts, 97-102, 103
training/development opportunities and, 54-55
Australian Standard Classification of Occupations, 174, 175, 330-331
military personnel, 253-254, 260, 261, 262
service workers, 121-122, 125-126, 127
see also Computer applications
B
Beliefs, see Attitudes and beliefs
Black persons, see African Americans
Blue-collar workers, 21, 28, 41, 105, 108-121, 266, 335
blue-collar/managerial divide, 10, 103, 108-110, 113, 114-116, 120, 160, 265, 272, 283, 285-286
cognitive skills, 110, 112, 113, 115-116, 120, 160
computer use, 113-117, 120, 160
content analysis, 110-113
defined, 108
emotional work, 121
globalization of markets, 117-119
historical perspectives, 41, 108, 117-119, 159, 264, 265
interpersonal skills, 108, 109, 110, 113, 115, 121, 160
see also "teamwork" infra
occupational classification systems, 111-112, 159-160
organizational factors, 109-113, 117-121
see also "blue/collar managerial divide" supra
quality control, 110, 112-113, 117, 118, 119, 120
see also "interpersonal skills" supra
team skills, 84, 85, 110-113, 114, 115-119
task analysis, 109, 111-112, 160
teamwork, 84, 85, 110-113, 114, 115-121
technological innovation, 113-117
Bureau of Census, 21, 39, 42, 43, 44, 45, 48, 85, 167
Classified Index of Occupations and Industries, 176, 177, 178
CPS, 39, 42, 48, 59, 62, 68, 87-89, 93, 177, 190, 196
SOC, use of, 178
Bureau of Labor Statistics, 59, 60-61, 95, 96, 105, 190, 261
Occupational and Employment Statistics Classification System, 168, 190, 96
Occupational Employment Statistics, 176, 177, 178, 196
C
Canadian Classification and Dictionary of Occupations, 174, 175, 332-333
Career ladders/stages, 97, 188, 234-235
managerial jobs, 81
military, 234-235, 245, 249, 262
technical workers, 153-154
Career pattern changes, 14, 86-87, 90, 204, 210-211
military, 70-71, 210-211, 234-235, 245
Census Bureau, see Bureau of Census
Classification systems, see Occupational classification systems; specific occupational categories
Classified Index of Occupations and Industries, 176, 177
Clerical workers, 121, 124, 125-126, 150, 160
attitudes toward work, 52-55
proportion of workforce, trends, 59-62 (passim)
Cognitive skills, 10, 20, 24, 71, 106, 107, 172, 272-273
blue-collar workers, 110, 112, 113, 115-116, 120, 160
professional and technical workers, 154-156, 158
service workers, 121, 127, 128
see also Content analysis;
Problem solving;
Skills;
Task analysis
Combat activities, 219, 227, 229, 230, 239, 241, 244, 245, 246, 247, 251-254
Common Metric Questionnaire, 172, 173, 338-339
Communication, interpersonal, see Interpersonal skills and work
Compensation, 2, 67-69, 172, 267
attitudes toward work, 50-51, 52-53, 56, 57
computer use and, 39
educational attainment and, 67
global competition, 31, 32, 266
historical trends, 50-51, 52-53, 56, 57, 67-69, 70, 71
inequality, 67-69, 72, 93, 218, 253
military personnel, 218, 222, 226-227, 253
nonstandard employment, 93
social-psychological contracts, 99
Comprehensive Occupational Data Analysis Program, 168, 256-257
AP*NET, 9, 259, 261, 262, 284-285
blue-collar workers, 113-117, 120, 160
military personnel, 252-254, 255, 256, 258-259
national databases, 10-11, 159, 286, 287, 339
see also Occupational Information Network (O*NET™)
occupational analysis, general, 168
professional and technical workers, 142, 149, 150
service workers, 125, 127, 128, 131-133
Work Profiling System, 172, 173, 340
see also Internet
Concept For Future Joint Operations, 237
Content analysis, 3, 14-15, 27, 28, 105-163 (passim), 271-273, 277-278, 338-339
blue-collar workers, 110-113
demographic factors, 41
managerial workers, 128, 161-162
national database on work, 10-11
O*NET™ 6, 11, 184-186, 203, 279, 322
product cycle time and, 33, 266
professional and technical workers, 150, 154-157, 158, 161
service workers, 121-123, 128-132, 160
shareholder clout and, 34-35
see also Skills;
Task analysis
Contract work and workers, 75, 87, 91-94 (passim), 152, 278
training, 96
see also Self-employed persons
Cultural factors, 22-23
anthropological studies, 10, 21, 23-24, 25, 48, 286
corporate culture, 97, 136-137, 138-139
military personnel, 219-220, 251, 260
Current Population Survey (CPS), 39, 42, 48, 59, 62, 68, 87-89, 93, 177, 190, 196
D
Decision-making, viii, 1, 2, 3, 6, 11, 14, 18-19, 106, 107, 172, 277, 287
attitudes toward work and, 52-53, 84-85, 106
blue-collar/managerial divide, 10, 103, 108-110, 113, 114-116, 120, 160, 265, 272, 283, 285-286
career selection, 14
see also Counseling
individual, 164
ISCO, 174
military personnel, 8, 240, 251, 253-254, 260
organization-level, 73, 263-264, 276
see also Managers and management;
Selection and placement
Demand, see Supply and demand
Demographic factors, 2, 3, 4, 10, 15, 16, 28, 40-49, 57, 285
content analysis, 41
historical trends, 28, 41, 42-49, 59-67, 71-72, 265-266
age factors, workforce trends, 41, 42-44, 63, 66
blue-collar workers, 41, 108, 117-119, 159, 264, 265
change across occupations, 59-62
change within occupations, 62-67, 263
clerical workers, workforce trends, 59-62 (passim)
gender factors in workforce, general, 16, 28, 41-49 (passim), 63-66, 70
managerial work, 42-43, 52-53, 59-62, 64-65, 81-82
military personnel, 8, 216, 222-235
professional workers, trends, 51, 52-55, 59-62 (passim)
service workers, trends, 59-62 (passim), 121, 130
unskilled workers, 59-62 (passim)
occupational classification systems, 41, 42, 67, 69-70
organizational factors, 40-41
professional and technical workers, 51, 52-55, 59-62 (passim), 148-149
service sector, 59-62 (passim), 121, 130
see also Age factors;
Educational attainment;
Family factors;
Gender factors;
Immigrants;
Minority groups
Department of Labor
Dictionary of Occupational Titles, 7, 22, 23, 167, 168-169, 181-183, 264, 332
regulatory programs, 18
see also Bureau of Labor Statistics
Development Dimensions International, 85
Dictionary of Occupational Titles, 7, 22, 23, 167, 168-169, 181-183, 264, 332
O*NET™ 7, 186, 190, 191, 197, 203, 209, 210, 280, 321
see also Occupational Information Network
see also Computer applications
Dimensions of work, 40, 105-163
Dislocation Worker Surveys, 82
Downsizing, 34-35, 73, 74-81, 151, 267, 269-270
attitudes and beliefs, 75-76, 77, 100, 270
military, 8, 221-222, 240, 249, 283
social-psychological contracts, 99-100
E
Earnings, see Compensation
Economic factors, 24-25
mergers, acquisitions, and joint ventures, 34, 86, 87
military personnel, socioeconomic status, 226-227
small and medium-sized businesses, 74, 121, 122, 126, 131, 214
see also Compensation;
Globalization of markets;
Market forces
Educational attainment, 3, 16, 45, 63-65
wages and salaries, 67
Education and training, 1, 24, 64-65, 66, 95-97, 168, 170, 173, 331
apprentices and trainees, 179, 188
attitudes toward work, 54-55
computer applications, vii, 95-96, 239
gender factors, 96
historical perspectives, 95, 96-97
military personnel, vii, 2, 9, 210, 217, 237, 239-240, 242-243, 245, 252-253, 254, 258, 260, 262
professional networking, 90-91
teamwork, cross-training, 84
technological innovation, 95
see also Knowledge factors;
Skills
Elderly persons, 42, 66, 77-79
Electronic Performance Support Systems, 96
Emotional work, 106, 108, 121, 122, 137-138, 199, 201, 244, 251, 273, 277, 282
blue-collar workers, 121
gender factors, 201
managerial workers, 138
military personnel, 251
professional workers, 156-157, 158, 161
service workers, 122
Employee development, 95-97, 168
attitudes toward work, 54-55
see also Counseling;
Education and training
Employment, nonstandard, 31, 58, 91-94, 102-103
compensation, 93
self-employed persons, 91, 94, 146, 207
Enumerative systems, 169-171, 173-174, 197, 329-333
Environmental factors, vii, 2, 27, 30-72, 164, 170, 264-273
military personnel, 222-243
see also Demographic factors;
Economic factors;
Market forces;
Organizational factors;
Technological factors
Ethnography, see Anthropological approach
F
Fair Labor Standards Act, 108
Families of jobs, see Job families
Family and Medical Leave Act, 18
Family factors, 8, 16, 17, 18, 28
family-operated enterprises, 179
military personnel, 220, 225, 281
networking, 89-90
Farm workers, see Agricultural workers
Federal government
occupational classification/analysis systems, not SOC, 167
see also Army Personnel Network (AP*NET);
Occupational Information Network (O*NET™)
SOC, 7, 168-169, 174, 176, 177-181, 333
see also specific departments and agencies;
terms beginning "Military . . ."
Fertility, 43
Fleishman Job Analysis System, 172, 173, 186, 335-336
Force XXI Operations, 251, 252, 255-256
Foreign countries, see International perspectives
G
Gender factors, 3
attitudes toward work, 50-51
education and training, 96
emotional work, 201
historical perspectives, 16, 28, 41-49 (passim), 63-66, 70
military personnel, 8, 223, 224-225, 227-230, 281
nonstandard employment, 91
occupational classification systems, 61-62
unpaid work, 26
workforce, general, 16, 28, 41-49 (passim), 63-66, 70
worklife expectancy, 45-47
work timing, 57
General Accounting Office, 85
General Aptitude Text Battery, 327
General Social Survey, 49-51, 56-57
General Work Inventory, 172, 173, 337-338
Germany, 39
Globalization of markets, 16-17, 31, 71, 266-267
blue-collar workers, 117-119
foreign direct investment, 32, 118
organizational factors, 32, 35
technological factors, 31, 32-33
Group performance, see Team skills; Teamwork
H
Handbook for Analyzing Jobs, 182
High-performance work systems, 109-110, 130, 189, 264, 272, 274, 278
Hiring, see Recruitment, military; Selection and placement
military personnel, 223, 230-232
shift work, 57-59
temporary employment, 20, 75, 92-93, 94
Human Performance Practices survey, 95
I
Immigrants, 3
networking, 89-90
Index of Industries and Occupations, 177
Individual performance, vii, 23, 111, 164
military personnel, 224, 225-226, 240
social-psychological contracts, 99
Industrial relations, 10, 11, 16, 18, 23-24, 25, 86-102, 107-108, 270-271, 278, 286
managerial workers, 139
social-psychological contracts, 97-102, 103
trade unions, 31, 32, 67, 90, 99
see also Job security and stability
Information technology, see Computer applications; Digitization; Technological factors
Interdisciplinary approaches, see Multidisciplinary approaches; Teamwork
International perspectives
Australian Standard Classification of Occupations, 174, 175, 330-331
Canadian Classification and Dictionary of Occupations, 174, 175, 332-333
foreign direct investment, 32, 118
ISCO, 174-176, 179, 329-330, 332
military
joint operations, 8, 237, 250, 281
mission change, 4, 8, 9, 18-19, 29, 217, 235-237, 244, 245, 247, 248, 252, 260, 282-283, 284
Netherlands Standard Classification of Occupations, 174, 175, 331-332
occupational classification systems, other than ISCO, 169, 173
see also Globalization of markets
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO), 174-176, 179, 329-330, 332
Internet, 16, 37, 127, 205, 209-211, 217, 250, 259
Interpersonal skills and work, ix, 8, 29, 71, 106, 107, 172, 273, 335
blue-collar workers, 108, 109, 110, 113, 115, 121, 160
military, 250-251
professional and technical workers, 156-157, 158, 161
see also Emotional work;
Managers and management;
Service workers;
Team skills;
Teamwork
J
Japan, 37, 116, 118-119, 135, 139
Job descriptions, 1, 5, 103-104, 169-171, 173, 277-278, 334-340
interdisciplinary, 10
ISCO, 174
managers, 10
military personnel, 167, 256-257, 260, 261, 262, 264
national database on work, 10-11
O*NET™ 6, 184-185, 188-189, 190, 199-200, 205, 262, 264, 322, 324-326
see also Dictionary of Occupational Titles;
Task analysis
Job families, 6, 106, 170, 173, 179, 180, 273, 277, 330-331, 332, 337
ISCO, 330-331
O*NET™ 6, 324-325
Job security and stability, 52-53, 56, 64-65, 71, 74-81, 269-270
defined, 76
historical perspectives, 64-65, 76-79, 80-81, 87, 269
managerial workers, 75, 81-82, 103, 140, 269
nonstandard workers, 93-94
see also Temporary employment
social-psychological contracts, 97-102, 103
see also Downsizing;
Temporary employment
Job titles, 6, 92, 104, 118, 132, 167, 169, 177, 277-278, 279, 331, 332, 333
O*NET™ 191, 196, 200-201, 211, 212
see also Dictionary of Occupational Titles
Joint operations, military, 8, 237, 250, 281
Joint ventures, see Mergers, acquisitions, and joint ventures
The Joint Vision 2010, 237
K
Knowledge factors, 1, 2, 170, 266-267
defined, 188
military personnel, 240, 244, 251, 254, 260, 261, 262, 284
O*NET™ 185, 186, 187, 188, 284, 323
see also Educational attainment;
Education and training;
Military occupational specialities;
Skills
L
Laborers, see Unskilled workers
Legal factors, 11, 15, 16, 17-18, 274
globalization, 31
military personnel, 218-219, 224
social-psychological contracts, 97-102, 103
Legislation, specific, 17
Fair Labor Standards Act, 108
Family and Medical Leave Act, 18
National Labor Relations Act, 108
Wagner-Peyser Act, 167
Life expectancy, 45-46
see also Worklife duration
M
Managers and management, 2, 8, 10, 17, 18-19, 28, 134-140, 159, 161-162, 267, 324, 335, 339
attitudes toward work, 51, 52-55
basis for assessing other jobs, 23
blue-collar/managerial divide, 10, 103, 108-110, 113, 114-116, 120, 160, 265, 272, 283, 285-286
computer applications, 134, 135
content analysis, 128, 161-162
demographic factors, 42-43, 52-53, 59-62, 64-65, 81-82
digital technology, 40
emotional work, 138
hierarchies, flattening of, 32, 73, 81-86, 87, 103, 107, 270, 271
job security and stability, 75, 81-82, 103, 140, 269
military, 246, 248, 252, 261, 262
networking, 90-91
proportion of workforce, historical trends, 59-62 (passim), 81-82
quality control, 136-137
service workers, 128
technological innovation, 40, 134, 135
Manpower and Personnel Integration, 239-240
Marital status, military personnel, 223, 225
Market forces, 2, 3, 4, 5, 15, 30-36, 71, 86, 266-267, 333
managerial work, 134-135
see also Globalization of markets;
Supply and demand
Media influences, 75-76, 77, 85
Men, see Gender factors
Mergers, acquisitions, and joint ventures, 34, 86, 87
Military Occupational Databank, 256
Military occupational specialties, 9, 168, 197, 233-235, 245-249, 250, 252-253, 257-259
gender breakdowns, 227-228
racial/ethnic factors, 222-223, 230-232
Military personnel, vii, 2, 7-9, 28, 216-262, 280-285, 337-338
African Americans, 222-223, 230-232
age factors, 8, 223, 224, 225, 281
AP*NET, 9, 259, 261, 262, 284-285
automation, 253-254, 260, 261, 262
budgetary considerations, 221
career ladders/stages, 234-235, 245, 249, 262
career pattern changes, 70-71, 210-211, 234-235, 245
combat activities, 219, 227, 229, 230, 239, 241, 244, 245, 246, 247, 251-254
compensation, 218, 222, 226-227, 253
computer applications, 252-254, 255, 256, 258-259
cultural factors, 219-220, 251, 260
decision-making, 8, 240, 251, 253-254, 260
demographics, 8, 216, 222-235, 281
downsizing, 8, 221-222, 240, 249, 283
educational attainment, 223, 226
education and training, vii, 2, 9, 210, 217, 237, 239-240, 242-243, 245, 252-253, 254, 258, 260, 262
emotional work, 251
environmental factors, general, 222-243
gender factors, 8, 223, 224-225, 227-230, 281
historical perspectives, 167, 256
demographics, 8, 216, 222-235, 281
mission change, 4, 8, 9, 18-19, 29, 217, 221, 235-237, 244, 252
individual performance, 224, 225-226, 240
interpersonal skills, 250-251
joint operations, 8, 237, 250, 281
key features, 216-222
knowledge factors, 240, 244, 251, 254, 260, 261, 262, 284
legal environment, 218-219, 224,
managers, 246, 248, 252, 261, 262
mission change, 4, 8, 9, 18-19, 29, 217, 235-237, 244, 245, 247, 248, 252, 260, 282-283, 284
occupational classification, general, vii-viii, 180
O*NET™ 7, 9, 196, 206, 259, 262, 280, 284-285
primary vs duty occupations, 232-235
reserve personnel, 240, 241, 242-244, 248, 281
skills, 8, 240, 243, 247-248, 250-251, 252-253, 261, 262, 281, 284
SOC, 180
task analysis, 256-257, 262, 264, 284
see also Military occupational specialities
teamwork, 111, 238-239, 244, 251, 256, 260
see also "combat activities" supra
technological innovation, 8, 210, 237-240, 245, 247, 252-253, 281-282, 284
telecommunications, 238-239, 250, 259, 260, 261
Minnesota Job Description Questionnaire, 186-187
Minority groups, 3, 16, 43, 45, 63-66
age factors, 42-43
military personnel, 222-223, 230-232
service workers, 121
see also specific groups
Mission change, military, 4, 8, 9, 18-19, 29, 217, 235-237, 244, 245, 247, 248, 252, 260, 282-283, 284
joint operations, 8, 237, 250, 281
Multidisciplinary approaches, 9, 23-27, 263, 285
see also Team skills;
Teamwork
Multipurpose Occupational Systems Analysis Inventory-Close Ended, 172, 173, 339-340
N
National Association of Staffing Services, 93
National Center on the Educational Quality of the Workplace, 85
National Employer Survey, 85
National Establishment Survey, 85
National Guard, 240, 241, 242, 244, 248
National Labor Relations Act, 108
National Occupational Classification, 333
National Occupational Information Coordinating Committee, 7, 196, 280
National Skills Standards Board, 91
Naval Air Warfare Center Training Systems Division, 111
Netherlands Standard Classification of Occupations, 174, 175, 331-332
Nonstandard employment, see Employment, nonstandard
O
Occupational Analysis Inventory, 336-337, 338
Occupational analysis systems, general, vii-viii, 1-3, 6-7, 14, 164-215, 276-280, 330-340
blue-collar workers, 111-112
defined, 21, 22, 165, 166, 227-257
demographic factors, 42, 61-62
framework, 15
history of, general, 166-169, 171, 178
military, 2, 7, 9, 27, 216-262
see also Military occupational specialities;
Military personnel
organizational factors, 29, 197-198
service workers, 121
types of, 169-197
see also Aptitudes;
Content analysis;
Knowledge factors;
Occupational Information Network (O*NET™);
Skills;
Task analysis
Occupational and Employment Statistics Classification System, 168, 190, 196
Occupational classification systems, vii-viii, 1, 6, 14, 27, 61, 103, 158-163, 165, 276-280
Australian Standard Classification of Occupations, 174, 175, 330-331
blue-collar workers, 111-112, 159-160
Canadian Classification and Dictionary of Occupations, 174, 175, 332-333
demographic factors, general, 41, 42, 67, 69-70
gender factors, 61-62
historical perspectives, 21-23, 164, 166-169, 171, 178, 179, 264
ISCO, 174-176, 179, 329-330, 332
managerial workers, 161-162
military, 27, 167, 168, 244-249, 253, 337-338
see also Military occupational specialities
Netherlands Standard Classification of Occupations, 174, 175, 331-332
organizational factors, 83, 86, 103-194, 197-198, 278
product cycle time and, 33
professional workers, 141-146, 161
recruitment, 165
technical workers, 141-146, 179
United Kingdom, 38-39, 174, 175, 332
U.S., major systems, 176-201
see also Dictionary of Occupational Titles;
Occupational Information Network (O*NET™);
Standard Occupational Classification
see also Content analysis;
Enumerative systems;
Job descriptions;
Task analysis;
specific occupational categories
Occupational Employment Statistics, 176, 177, 178, 196
Occupational families, see Job families
Occupational Information Network (O*NET™) 6-7, 9, 169, 178, 183-213, 278-279, 321-328, 332
AP*NET, 9, 259, 261, 262, 284-285
classification systems, general, 6-7, 169, 279
cognitive skills, 186, 199, 322, 324
computer screen samples, 192-194
content analysis/model, 6, 11, 184-186, 203, 279, 322
data collection, 11, 202-205, 207-208, 213-214, 286, 321-322
Department of Labor, 6, 178, 206, 209
descriptive information, 6, 184-185, 188-189, 190, 199-200, 205, 262, 264, 322, 324-326
Dictionary of Occupational Titles and, 7, 186, 190, 191, 197, 203, 209, 210, 280, 321
educational attainment, 184-185, 186, 188, 323
enumerative aspects, 6, 7, 196, 197
environmental factors, general, 185-186, 279, 280, 324
field test and prototype evaluation, 190-191, 204-205, 207-208, 321-328
interpersonal skills, 187, 199, 322, 324
military occupational specialties, 7, 9, 196
military personnel, 7, 9, 196, 206, 259, 262, 280, 284-285
AP*NET, 9, 259, 261, 262, 284-285
organizational factors, 185-186, 189, 197, 203-204
ownership, control, and liability, 206
selection and placement, 184, 185, 327-328
skills, 184, 185, 186, 187-188, 194, 195, 322-324
task analysis, 185, 186, 189, 264, 284
team skills, 199, 200-201, 204, 209, 211-213
technological factors, 205, 209
Occupational safety and health, 18
military personnel, 240
O*NET™ 190
Occupational Values Questionnaire, 186-187
Office of Personnel Management, 173, 339
O*NET™, see Occupational Information Network
Operational Data, Analysis, and Structure system, 258
Organizational factors, vii, 1-6 (passim), 10, 14, 15, 18-20, 23-24, 27, 28-29, 73-104, 164, 268-269
blue-collar/managerial divide, 10, 103, 108-110, 113, 114-116, 120, 160, 265, 272, 283, 285-286
blue-collar workers, other, 109-113, 117-121
blurring boundaries, 10, 28-29, 83, 102-103, 105-106, 108-110, 113, 114-116, 119, 120, 124, 127, 141, 146, 158, 160, 161, 256, 263, 272, 283, 285
military personnel, 254-255, 256, 283
see also "hierarchies" infra
corporate culture, 97, 136-137, 138-139
decision-making, organizational level, 73, 263-264, 276
demographics, 40-41
hierarchies, flattening of, 32, 73, 81-86, 87, 103, 107, 270, 271
horizontal division of labor, 28, 107, 110, 136, 151-154, 157, 158, 162, 163, 255, 268, 269, 270
see also Team skills;
Teamwork
mergers, acquisitions, and joint ventures, 34, 86, 87
military personnel, 8, 216, 217-222, 225, 237, 240-243, 254-256
mission change, 4, 8, 9, 18-19, 29, 217, 235-237, 240-241, 244, 245, 247, 248, 252, 260, 282-283, 284
occupational classification systems, 83, 86, 103-194, 197-198, 278
O*NET™ 185-186, 189, 197, 203-204
professional bureaucracies, 146-147, 151-152
psychological approaches, 10, 21, 23-24, 25, 97-102
technological innovation, 19, 20, 87
see also Downsizing;
Industrial relations;
Managers and management;
Team skills;
Teamwork
Outsourcing, see Contract work and workers; Self-employed persons
P
Part-time employment, 57-58, 92, 93
see also Temporary employment
Placement, see Selection and placement
Position Analysis Questionnaire, 171-173, 327-328, 334-335
Problem solving, 5, 33, 187, 260, 274
Professional and Managerial Position Questionnaire, 335
Professional associations, 90-91
Professional workers, 141-144, 146-158, 161, 264
age factors, 148-149
attitudes toward work, 51, 52-55
bureaucracies, 146-147, 151-152
cognitive skills, 154-156, 158
computer applications, 142, 149, 150
content analysis, 150, 154-157, 158, 161
demographic factors, 51, 52-55, 59-62 (passim), 148-149
downsizing, 75
emotional work, 156-157, 158, 161
historical perspectives, 51, 52-55, 59-62 (passim), 105, 141, 146, 147-148, 149, 264-265
interpersonal skills, 150, 156-157, 158, 161
networking, education and, 90-91
occupational classification systems, general, 141-146, 161
proportion of workforce, trends, 59-62 (passim), 105
skills, 150, 156-157, 158, 161
SOC, 179
technological factors, 147-148, 149-151
see also Managers and management;
Military occupational specialties
Promotion, 51, 56, 87, 101-102, 262, 270
Psychological approaches, vii, viii, 2, 20, 167, 340
industrial/organizational, 10, 21, 23-24, 25, 97-102
military personnel testing, 167, 251
social-psychological contracts, 97-102, 103
see also Attitudes and beliefs
Public Employment Service, 210
Q
Quality control, 2, 17, 20, 33, 71, 83, 95, 108
blue-collar workers, 110, 112-113, 117, 118, 119, 120
managerial workers, 136-137
service workers, 123, 125, 126, 133
Quality of life, 15
R
military, 9, 225-226, 245, 248-249, 260, 262
see also Selection and placement
Regulatory issues, see Legal factors
Reserve personnel, military, 240, 241, 242-244, 248, 281
S
Salaries, see Compensation
Sales workers, 21, 52-53, 59, 60, 61, 84, 105, 119-125 (passim), 129-131
Selection and placement, 1, 24, 97, 165, 168, 172, 260, 281
see also Promotion;
Recruitment
Self-employed persons, 91, 94, 146, 207
see also Contract work and workers
Service workers, 10, 13, 17, 21, 28, 121-133, 160-161, 266, 285
attitudes toward work, 52-55
automation, 121-122, 125-126, 127
cognitive skills, 121, 127, 128
computer applications, 125, 127, 128, 131-133
content analysis, 121-123, 128-132, 160
demographics, 59-62 (passim), 121, 130
educational attainment, 122, 132
education and training of, 125, 128-130
emotional work, 122
historical perspectives, 52-55, 59-62, 121, 124-125, 133
managerial work, 128
minority groups, 121
occupational classification systems, 123, 160-161
proportion of workforce, trends, 59-62 (passim), 121
quality control, 123, 125, 126, 133
specialist, 128-129
team skills, 84
technological factors, 125, 127, 128, 131-133
telecommunications, 125-126, 127
unskilled, 125-126
see also Clerical workers;
Sales workers
Sex-based factors, see Gender factors
Shareholder interests, 34-35, 274
managerial workers, 137
Shift work, 57-59
Simulation training, military, vii, 239
Skills, vii, 1, 2, 13, 29, 66, 67, 106, 170, 172, 266-267, 330-333
attitudes toward work and, 52-55, 57
blue-collar workers, 113-115, 160
compensation, 106
computer applications, general, 37-40, 67
Dictionary of Occupational Titles, 183
digitization, 37-40
managerial workers, 136-137
military personnel, 8, 240, 243, 247-248, 250-251, 252-253, 261, 262, 281, 284
O*NET™ 184, 185, 186, 187-188, 194, 195, 322-324
professional and technical workers, 150, 156-157, 158, 161
service workers, 121-123, 128-132
technological innovation and, 36, 37-40, 71, 127
see also Aptitudes;
Cognitive skills;
Educational attainment;
Education and training;
Interpersonal skills and work;
Team skills;
Unskilled workers
Small and medium-sized businesses, 74, 121, 122, 126, 131, 214
Social Change and Economic Life Initiative, 38-39
Social-psychological contracts 97-102, 103
Social Science Research Council, 167
Sociology and social factors, 1, 2, 5, 10, 14, 15, 24, 25, 107-108, 286
anthropological studies, 10, 21, 23-24, 25, 48, 286
networking opportunities, 89
see also Cultural factors;
Demographic factors;
Family factors;
Interpersonal skills and work
Standard Occupational Classification (SOC), 168-169, 174, 176, 177-181, 333
British, 332
O*NET™ 7, 178, 196, 197, 205, 208, 213, 280
see also Downsizing
T
Task analysis, 20, 106, 107, 170, 172, 173, 272, 277-278, 331-332, 340
blue-collar workers, 109, 111-112, 160
demographics and, 42
Dictionary of Occupational Titles, 181, 182, 183
ISCO, 174
military personnel, 256-257, 262, 264, 284
see also Military occupational specialities
O*NET™ 185, 186, 189, 264, 284
see also Cognitive skills;
Content analysis
Task taxonomies, 9, 19, 24, 186, 261, 262, 335-336
Team skills, vii, 5, 29, 72, 83-84, 97, 277
blue-collar workers, 84, 85, 110-113, 114, 115-119
cross-training, 84
managerial workers, 86, 136-138, 140, 211-213
O*NET™ 199, 200-201, 204, 209, 211-213
service workers, 84
Teamwork, 5, 8, 19, 20, 28-29, 33, 83-86, 97, 135, 270, 271, 272, 274
blue-collar workers, 84, 85, 110-113, 114, 115-121
demographic factors, 42-43, 120
historical perspectives, 42-43, 83, 85, 120
military, 111, 238-239, 244, 251, 256, 260
see also Combat activities
occupational classification systems, 83, 86, 165-166
unskilled workers, 83-84
Technical workers, 28, 105, 141-158, 161, 264, 324
age factors, 148-149
attitudes toward work, 52-55
career ladders/stages, 153-154
cognitive skills, 154-156, 158
computer applications, 142, 149, 150
content analysis, 150, 154-157, 158, 161
downsizing, 75
historical perspectives, 51, 52-55, 59-62 (passim), 141, 146, 147-148, 149, 264
interpersonal skills, 156-157, 158, 161
military personnel, 210, 231-234 (passim), 246, 252-254, 262
occupational classification systems, 141-146
SOC, 179
skills, 150, 156-157, 158, 161
technological factors, 147-148, 149-151
training, 95
see also Military occupational specialties
Technological factors, 2, 3, 4, 10, 15-16, 26, 36-40, 71, 108, 272-273, 275-276
blue-collar workers, 113-117
high-performance work systems, 109-110, 130, 189, 264, 272, 274, 278
high-tech communities, 87
historical perspectives, 15-16, 36-37, 40
military, 8, 210, 237-240, 245, 247, 252-253, 281-282, 284
professional and technical workers, 147-148, 149-151
service workers, 125, 127, 128, 131-133
skills, general, 36, 37-40, 71, 127
training, 95
see also Automation;
Computer applications
Telecommunications, 37, 74, 130-132
Internet, 16, 37, 127, 205, 209-211, 217, 250, 259
military personnel, 238-239, 250, 259, 260, 261
Temporary employment, 20, 75, 92-93, 94
see also Part-time employment
Titles, see Job titles
Total Personnel Command, 249
networking, 90
social-psychological contracts, 99
Training, see Education and training; Employee development
U
Unions, see Trade unions
United Kingdom, 38-39, 174, 175, 332
Unskilled workers, 13, 150, 268
attitudes toward work, 51, 52-55
proportion of workforce, trends, 59-62 (passim)
service workers, 125-126
teamwork, 83-84
V
Values, see Attitudes and beliefs
W
Wages and earnings, see Compensation
Wagner-Peyser Act, 167
War Manpower Commission, 167-168
White-collar workers, see Managers and management; Professional workers
Women, see Gender factors
Wonderlic test, 327
Worklife duration, 45-49
military personnel, 218
see also Job security and stability
Work Profiling System, 172, 173, 340
WorkTrends™ 49, 51, 57, 84-85, 96, 100, 105-106
World Wide Web, see Internet