NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the NRC's Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making the published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their participation in the review of this report: J. Myron Atkin, Stanford University; Kent F. Hansen, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Frank Huband, American Society for Engineering Education; Takeo Kanade, Carnegie Mellon University; Milton Levenson, Bechtel International; Roland W. Schmitt, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (review coordinator); William Spooner, Creative Business Solutions Group; Michiyuki Ueonohara, NEC Corp.
While the individuals listed above have provided constructive comments and suggestions, responsibility for the final content of this report rests solely with the authoring committee and the institution. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations that provided support for the project. This project was made possible with funding support from the United States-Japan Foundation and the National Academy of Engineering.
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievement of engineers. Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce Alberts and Dr. Wm. A. Wulf are chairman and vice-chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.
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Copyright © 1999 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
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U.S.-Japan Joint Task Force on Engineering Education
Mildred S. Dresselhaus (co-chair)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Eleanor Baum
The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art
George Bugliarello
Polytechnic University
Samuel C. Florman
Kreisler Borg Florman
Jeffrey Frey
University of Maryland
B. John Garrick
PLG, Inc. (retired)
Mark B. Myers
Xerox Corp.
Harold W. Stevenson
University of Michigan
Ex-officio
Gerald P. Dinneen
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (retired)
Sogo Okamura (co-chair)
Tokyo Denki University
Kaneichiro Imai
Engineering Academy of Japan
Fumio Kodama
University of Tokyo
Yasukuni Kotaka
NEC Corporation
Shogo Nakamura
Tokyo Denki University
Minoru Nakayama
Tokyo Institute of Technology
Fujio Niwa
National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies
Kenji Ogata
Ando Electric Co. (retired) Hisao Oka Mitsubishi Electric Corporation
Jiro Ohta
Edogawa University
Takashi Sakamoto
National Institute of Multimedia Education
Yasutaka Shimizu
Tokyo Institute of Technology
Yasuhara Suematu
Kohchi Institute of Technology
Seiichi Takeuchi
Tokyo Denki University
Ikuo Yamada
Mitsubishi Research Institute
COMMITTEE ON JAPAN
Erich Bloch, Chairman
Council on Competitiveness
Richard J. Samuels, Vice-Chairman
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Sherwood L. Boehlert
U.S. House of Representatives
Lewis M. Branscomb
Harvard University
G. Steven Burrill
Burrill & Company
Lawrence W. Clarkson
The Boeing Co.
Mildred S. Dresselhaus
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
David A. Duke
Corning, Inc. (retired)
Daniel J. Fink
D. J. Fink Associates, Inc.
John O. Haley
University of Washington
Jim F. Martin
Rockwell Science Center
Joseph A. Massey
Dartmouth College
Mike M. Mochizuki
The Brookings Institution
Hugh T. Patrick
Columbia University
John D. Rockefeller IV
United States Senate
Robert A. Scalapino
University of California, Berkeley
Susan C. Schwab
University of Maryland
Ex Officio Members:
Harold K. Forsen, Foreign Secretary,
National Academy of Engineering
F. Sherwood Rowland, Foreign Secretary,
National Academy of Sciences
OFFICE OF JAPAN AFFAIRS
Since 1985 the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering have engaged in a series of high-level discussions on advanced technology and the international environment with a counterpart group of Japanese scientists, engineers, and industrialists. One outcome of these discussions was a deepened understanding of the importance of promoting a more balanced two-way flow of people and information between the research and development systems in the two countries. Another result was a broader recognition of the need to address the science and technology policy issues increasingly central to a changing U.S.-Japan relationship. In 1987 the National Research Council, the operating arm of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering, authorized first-year funding for a new Office of Japan Affairs (OJA). This program element of the Office of International Affairs was formally established in 1988.
The primary objectives of OJA are to provide a resource to the Academy complex and the broader U.S. science and engineering communities for information on Japanese science and technology, to promote better working relationships between the technical communities in the two countries by developing a process of deepened dialogue on issues of mutual concern, and to address policy issues surrounding a changing U.S.-Japan science and technology relationship.
Staff
Thomas Arrison, Senior Program Officer
Maki Fife, Program Officer