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Suggested Citation:"B: Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Fluid Resuscitation: State of the Science for Treating Combat Casualties and Civilian Injuries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9625.
×

B Acronyms


ABC—

airway-breathing-circulation

ACEP—

American College of Emergency Physicians

ACTH—

adrenal corticotropin hormone

ADH—

anti-diuretic hormone

ADP—

adenosine diphosphate

AMP—

adenosine monophosphate

APACHE—

acute physiology and chronic health evaluation

APAF- 1—

apoptosis-activating factor 1

AP 1—

activator protein 1

ARDS—

acute respiratory distress syndrome

ATLS®

Advanced Trauma Life Support®

ATP—

adenosine triphosphate

ATPase—

adenosine triphosphatase


BTLS—

basic trauma life support


c-Fos

protein

c-Jun

protein

ced C.elegens

death gene

Ca2+

calcium

CD—

family of leukocyte adhesion molecules

cGMP—

cyclic guanosine monophosphate

CINC—

cytokine-induced chemoattractant

CNS—

central nervous system

CO2

carbon dioxide

CPP32—

caspase 3

CPR—

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

CRADD—

a novel human apoptotic adaptor molecule for caspase-2

Suggested Citation:"B: Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Fluid Resuscitation: State of the Science for Treating Combat Casualties and Civilian Injuries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9625.
×

DCLHb—

diaspirin cross-linked hemoglobin

DFO—

desferoxamine

DHEA—

dihydroepiandrosterone

DIC—

disseminated intravascular coagulation

DNA—

deoxyribonucleic acid

DNase—

dioxyribonuclease


ECF—

extracellular fluid

eIF—

eukaryotic initiation factor

EKG—

electrocardiogram

EMS—

emergency medical services

eNOS—

endothelial nitric oxide synthase

EPR—

electron paramagnetic resonance

ER—

endoplasmic reticulum


FACS—

flow cytometry

FADD—

Fas-associated death domain

FDA—

U.S. Food and Drug Administration

Fe3+

iron

FKBP12—

FK-binding protein

FLICE—

alternate name for caspase-8


GCSF—

granulocyte colony-stimulating factor

GCN2—

an eIF2α kinase

GSSH—

oxidized glutathione


H2

hydrogen

H2O—

water

HES—

hydroxyethyl starch

HIV—

human immunodeficiency virus

HRI—

hemin regulated inhibitor

HSD—

hypertonic saline dextran

HTLV—

human T-cell leukemia virus


ICAM-1—

intracellular adhesion molecule 1

ICAM-2—

intracellular adhesion molecule 2

ICU—

intensive care unit

IGF—

insulin-like growth factor

IL—

interleukin

iNOS—

inducible NO synthase

IOM—

Institute of Medicine

IP-3—

inositol triphosphate

IP-3R—

inositol triphosphate receptors

IRES—

internal ribosome entry site

IRR—

insulin receptor-related receptor

Suggested Citation:"B: Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Fluid Resuscitation: State of the Science for Treating Combat Casualties and Civilian Injuries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9625.
×

IRS-1—

insulin-receptor substrate-1

ISS— 

injury severity score

IV—

intravenous


K+

potassium

K ATP

potassium-adenosine triphosphate

kDa—

kilodalton

kg—

kilogram


LD50

fifty percent lethal dose

LMA—

intubating laryngeal mask airway


M—

molar

MEG—

mercaptoethylguanidine

meq—

milliequivalents

ml—

milliliters

mmHG—

millimeters of mercury

MODS—

multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome

MORT1—

a human protein that binds to the death domain of FAS/APO1 and induces apoptosis.

mosM—

milliosmolar

m7GTP—

where GTP is guanosine triphosphate

mRNA—

messenger ribonucleic acid

MTLS—

military trauma life support

mV—

millivolts

ρM—

micromolar


Na+

sodium

NAD—

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

NADPH—

reduced nicotinamide adeninedinucleotide phosphate

NAS—

National Academy of Sciences

NEDD 2—

alternate name for caspase-2

NFκB—

nuclear factor κB

NO—

nitric oxide

NOS2—

inflammatory NO synthase

NRC—

National Research Council

NVC18


O2

oxygen

OH—

hydroxide ion


p53—

p53 gene

PARP—

poly(ADP ribose)polymerase

PARS—

poly(ADP ribose)synthase

Suggested Citation:"B: Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Fluid Resuscitation: State of the Science for Treating Combat Casualties and Civilian Injuries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9625.
×

PHTLS—

pre-hospital trauma life support

PKA—

protein kinase A

PKR—

protein kinase

PNA—

polynitroxyl human serum albumin

PP—

phosphatase


RES—

reticuloendothelial system

RTS—

revised trauma score

RyR—

ryanodine receptor


ser-51—

serine at position 51

SH—

src homology

SOD—

superoxide dismutase

STAT-3—

signal transducer and activator of transcription


TNF-α—

tumor necrosis factor alpha

TNFR—

Tumor necrosis factor receptor

tRNA—

transfer ribonucleic acid

TRISS—

trauma injury severity score

Suggested Citation:"B: Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Fluid Resuscitation: State of the Science for Treating Combat Casualties and Civilian Injuries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9625.
×
Page 167
Suggested Citation:"B: Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Fluid Resuscitation: State of the Science for Treating Combat Casualties and Civilian Injuries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9625.
×
Page 168
Suggested Citation:"B: Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Fluid Resuscitation: State of the Science for Treating Combat Casualties and Civilian Injuries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9625.
×
Page 169
Suggested Citation:"B: Acronyms." Institute of Medicine. 1999. Fluid Resuscitation: State of the Science for Treating Combat Casualties and Civilian Injuries. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9625.
×
Page 170
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Fluid Resuscitation: State of the Science for Treating Combat Casualties and Civilian Injuries Get This Book
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Historically, 20% of all injured combatants die on the battlefield before they can be evacuated to a field hospital. Blood loss—hemorrhage—is the single major cause of death among those killed in action whose lives might otherwise be saved. Fluid resuscitation and the treatment of hypovolemia (the abnormally decreased volume of circulating fluid in the body) offer the greatest opportunity for reducing mortality and morbidity associated with battlefield casualties.

In Fluid Resuscitation, a committee of experts assess current resuscitation fluids and protocols for the treatment of combat casualties and make recommendations for future research. Chapters focus on the pathophysiology of acute hemorrhagic shock, experience with and complications of fluid resuscitation, novel approaches to the treatment of shock, protocols of care at the site of injury, and future directions for research.

The committee explicitly describes the similarities and differences between acute medical care during combat and civilian emergency trauma care. Fluid Resuscitation should help energize and focus research in both civilian and military emergency care and help save the lives of citizens and soldiers alike.

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