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OCR for page 117
Evaluating Welfare Reform: A Framework and Review of Current Work
APPENDIX B
Summary of Welfare Reform Projects
OCR for page 118
Evaluating Welfare Reform: A Framework and Review of Current Work
TABLE B-1 Summary of Welfare Reform Projects
Project Title and Investigators
State/Locality Studied
Data Used
Study Design
Abt Associates, Inc.
Arizona's EMPOWER Program
AZ
Longitudional survey of participants
Experimental design; random assignment
Evaluation of Alabama ASSETS program
3 counties in AL
Administrative data
Quasi-experimental design; each of 3 counties matched with another county in Alabama running standard AFDC programs
Evaluation of Delaware's A Better Chance program
DE
Administrative data; survey data; aggregate cost data
Experimental design; random assignment
Evaluation of Electronic Benefits Transfer in Maryland
MD
Transaction data
Evaluation of Indiana Manpower Placement and Comprehensive Training Program
IN
Administrative data; client survey; interviews of administrators and staff
Experimental design; random assignment
Evaluation of NY State Child Assistance Program
7 counties in NY
Administrative; survey data
Experimental design at 3 localities
OCR for page 119
Evaluating Welfare Reform: A Framework and Review of Current Work
Project Title and Investigators
State/Locality Studied
Data Used
Study Design
Evaluation of New York Community Access Network (process and cost study too)
New York City after sample entry
Telephone surveys—3 months
Pre-, post-design
Evaluation of Ohio Transitions to Independence demonstration
15 counties in OH
Administrative data
Experimental design; random assignment
Evaluation of to Strengthen Michigan's Families Welfare Reform program
MI
Administrative data
Experimental design; random assignment
National Study of Low Income Child Care
25 communities in 5 to 10 states
American Public Human Services Association and National Conference of State Legislatures
State efforts to track and follow-up on welfare recipients
All states
APHSA and NCSL, with the National Governors' Association, are keeping track of leavers studies
Center for Law and Social Policy and Center for Budget and Policy Priorities
State Policy Documentation Project
All 50 states and DC
Monitor, document and analyze state welfare, health, and family support programs
OCR for page 120
Evaluating Welfare Reform: A Framework and Review of Current Work
Project Title and Investigators
State/Locality Studied
Data Used
Study Design
Center for Urban Poverty and Social Change at Case Western Reserve University
Study for Federation for Community Planning
Cleveland, OH
Study to aid county Department of Human Services
Cuyahoga County, OH
Transportation barriers to welfare recipients
Urban Change project with MDRC
Cuyahoga County, OH
Neighborhood indicators study
Urban Institute's National Neighborhood Indicators project
Cleveland
Will assist other communities in developing similar studies of inner-city welfare recipients' barriers to employment
Chapin Hall Center for Children
The dynamics of AFDC, Medicaid and food stamp use
IL
State-level administrative data
Description and event-history analysis
OCR for page 121
Evaluating Welfare Reform: A Framework and Review of Current Work
Project Title and Investigators
State/Locality Studied
Data Used
Study Design
The impact of welfare reforms on children's well-being
IL
Administrative data to track outcomes of families and children
Technical assistance to Illinois Department of Public Aid
Integrated Data Base on Children's Services
IL
Administrative data from child welfare, TANF, Medicaid, food stamps, special education, corrections, and mental health
Massachusetts Longitudinal Database for Research on Child Support Enforcement and Social Service Agencies
MA
Constructing a longitudinal database of administrative data from TANF, Medicaid, food stamps, child enforcement, wage reporting, and new hires
Also developing outcome indicators
Monitoring child and family social program utilization: Before and after welfare reform in 4 states
CA, IL, MA, NC
Individual-level administrative
Monitoring data
The State of the Child
IL
Monitoring study of child well-being
Child Trends
Measuring child outcomes under state welfare waivers (support for project from DHHS, NICHD, and other private sources)
CA, CT, FL, IL, IN, IA, MI, MN, OH, OR, VT, VA
Aggregate state-level data on child well-being indicators
Monitoring
OCR for page 122
Evaluating Welfare Reform: A Framework and Review of Current Work
Project Title and Investigators
State/Locality Studied
Data Used
Study Design
Welfare-to-Work (JOBS) National valuation of Child Outcomes Study with MDRC (funded by DHHS)
Fulton County, GA; Grand Rapids, MI; Riverside, CA
3,000 families; 790 in Fulton County, GA; survey of mothers and children 2 years after enrollment in JOBS program; administrative records
Mothers randomly assigned to program or control group
JOBS Observational Study
Atlanta, GA
In-home observational study of 250 mothers and children
Mothers randomly assigned to program or control group
New Chance Observational Study of Teen-Mothers with MDRC
16 locations in 10 states
Observational study of 290 teen mothers and children who are on welfare
Voluntary program participation
Measurement of the impacts on children in evaluations of state welfare reforms (with DHHS funding)
CT, FL, IN, IA, MN
Technical support to states to develop measures of child outcomes
Assessing the New Federalism (part of Urban Institute's Project)
AL, CA, CO, FL, MA, MI, MN, MS, NJ, NY, TX, WA, WI
Child Trends is responsible for conceptualizing and designing ways to measure changes in child well-being as a result of policy changes
OCR for page 123
Evaluating Welfare Reform: A Framework and Review of Current Work
Project Title and Investigators
State/Locality Studied
Data Used
Study Design
Department of Health and Human Services: Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, and Administration for Children and Families
Analyzing the employment and wage patterns of welfare recipients (see MPR)
CA, IL, OR, TX
NLSY and post-employment services demonstration
Assessing effective Welfare-to-Work strategies for domestic violence victims and survivors in the Options/Opciones Project (Taylor Institute)
North Lawndale community of Chicago
Study effective strategies of addressing needs of abused women
Assisting states to design and conduct follow-up studies of recipients who leave welfare (NGA, NCSL, and APHSA)
Conference in 1998
Report as issue brief—Tracking Welfare Reform: Designing Followup Studies of Recipients who Leave Welfare
Baseline data on Aid to Families with Dependent Children
All states
Descriptive historical tables of families using AFDC
Child Care Research Partnerships
5 research partnership sites
Field-initiated research on child care policies especially for low-income families
OCR for page 124
Evaluating Welfare Reform: A Framework and Review of Current Work
Project Title and Investigators
State/Locality Studied
Data Used
Study Design
Child outcomes study of the National Evaluation of Welfare-to-Work Strategies (see Child Trends)
Domestic Violence and Welfare: An Early Assessment (see Urban Institute)
Implementation study of states; implementation of the TANF Family Violence Option and child support enforcement responses
Employment Retention and Advancement Project
CA, IL, MD, NJ, NC, OH, RI, SC, TN, TX, VA, WA, WI
Planning grants
Programs are required to utilize random assignment, experimental designs
Evaluation of community-based job retention programs (the Pittsburgh Foundation)
Pittsburgh, PA
Implementation study; monitor outcomes
Evaluating the feasibility of using food stamp administrative data to track welfare leavers
Examining the possibility of tracking welfare leavers using linked federal quality control and state automated data systems
Evaluation of Los Angeles Jobs-First GAIN (see MDRC)
Los Angeles, CA
OCR for page 125
Evaluating Welfare Reform: A Framework and Review of Current Work
Project Title and Investigators
State/Locality Studied
Data Used
Study Design
Evaluation of New Jersey Substance Abuse Research
NJ
Will compare 2 models for providing services for substance abusing welfare recipients
Front-Line Management and Practice Study (see Rockefeller Center-SUNY Albany)
Part of 20-state study
In-depth observations of three local offices in four states
Implementation study
Improving States' Capabilities to Evaluate Child Care Policy Options as Components of Welfare-to-Work Strategies (Urban Institute/Mathematica Policy Research)
Development of expanded simulation model for state welfare administrators to consider interactions between child care assistance and welfare policies
Integration of Welfare and Workforce Development Systems
5-8 sites
Case studies
Jobs-Plus Community Revitalization Initiative for Public Housing Families (see MDRC)
Mandatory review and modification of child support orders in TANF cases. (see IRP)
Fiscal impact on state and federal governments of optional child support case modification of child support review under PRWORA
OCR for page 126
Evaluating Welfare Reform: A Framework and Review of Current Work
Project Title and Investigators
State/Locality Studied
Data Used
Study Design
Measurement of impacts on children in evaluations of state welfare reforms (see Child Trends and Chapin Hall Center for Children)
Phase I: CA, CT, FL, IL, IN, IA, MI, MN, OH, OR, VT, VA
Phase I: Planning phase;
Technical assistance to states to develop data collection ability
Phase II: CT, FL, IN, IA, MN
Phase II: Large-scale data collection activities to expand states' abilities to measure and track child outcomes for impact analyses
Modified State Welfare Reform Projects -13 states funded to continue evaluations of welfare reform demonstrations in place prior to TANF
CA, IL, IA, MD, MN, NE, NH, NC, ND, OH, SC, VA
Sources of data vary at each site
Some experimental designs; site some nonexperimental designs
Multi-Site Evaluation of Welfare to Work Grants
Sites to be selected
4 study components: descriptive assessment of all grantees; net impact and cost-effectiveness analyses with process/implementation analyses; process/implementation analyses only; and study of Tribal Welfare to Work
National Evaluation of Welfare-to-Work Strategies (see MDRC)
OCR for page 127
Evaluating Welfare Reform: A Framework and Review of Current Work
Project Title and Investigators
State/Locality Studied
Data Used
Study Design
National Study of Low Income Child Care (see Abt Associates)
National study
National Longitudinal Study of Children and Families in the Child Welfare System
Longitudinal survey data; sample representative of children and families who enter the child welfare system; over 6,000 children; 1st interview in Spring 1999; 3 annual follow-up rounds planned
Neighborhoods, Service Providers and Welfare Reform in Los Angeles County (see RAND)
Los Angeles County
Partner and Father Involvement in the Lives of Low-Income First Time Mothers-- Children's Hospital, Denver, CO
Elmira, NY; Memphis, TN; Denver, CO
Longitudinal study
Experimental design; random assignment
Policy Implications of Welfare Reform: Technical Assistance to States for Serving People with Disabilities (with Urban Institute and SSA)
All states
Review of state efforts to provide welfare services to those with disabilities; also case study series
The Role of Child Care in Low Income Families' Labor Market Participation (Urban Institute/Mathematica Policy Research)
Project will develop optional research designs to identify and address child care services needed; working paper series
OCR for page 136
Evaluating Welfare Reform: A Framework and Review of Current Work
Project Title and Investigators
State/Locality Studied
Data Used
Study Design
Cross-state study of time-limited welfare
CT, FL, VT
Focus groups and in-person interviews of 100 current welfare recipients
Implementation component and monitoring component
Florida's Family Transition Program
2 counties in FL
2,800 computerized records of monthly AFDC/TANF, food stamps and quarterly earnings; follow-up survey to 600 recipients 2 years later
Randomly assigned to AFDC or FTP; longitudinal for part of sample
Jobs-Plus Revitalization Initiative for Public Housing Families—Employment Demonstration Program
Public housing developments in 7 cities
Individual household study plus public housing project study
Los Angeles Jobs First GAIN Program
Los Angeles, CA
Administrative data for almost 21,000 households
Experimental design with random assignment to program
Minnesota Family Investment Program
MN—3 urban and 4 rural counties.
1994–1996 baseline data, administrative data, 12 -and 36-month client surveys, staff attitude surveys, and field research
14,639 families randomly assigned to one of 4 research groups
National Evaluation of Welfare-to-Work Strategies
7 sites nationwide
55,000 sample members; in some sites telephone and in-person interviews
Random assignment; process, implementation, and impact study components
OCR for page 137
Evaluating Welfare Reform: A Framework and Review of Current Work
Project Title and Investigators
State/Locality Studied
Data Used
Study Design
New Chance Demonstration and Observational Study
16 locations in 10 states
Young moms in 10 States (n = 2,322); observational study has videotapes of 290 mother/child combinations
Individual data and the coding of mother/child interactions
New Hope Project
Milwaukee
Linked administrative data; 2-year follow-up survey of all applicants
Experimental design; applicants randomly assigned to program
Ohio's Learning, Earning and Parenting Program
OH—12 counties
Teen mothers on welfare: survey of 1, 118 teens 1 year after randomly assigned to program; review 263 participant cases; survey of 913 teens 3 years after randomly assigned
Case reviews, survey, random assignment
Oregon's Evaluation of Welfare-to-Work program
OR
Administrative data on 5,547 single-parent AFDC applicants and recipients aged 21+ who attended orientation between 10/93 and 10/94
Experimental design
Parent's Fair Share
7 counties across the country
Administrative data and survey data
Experimental design; randomly assigned to program
OCR for page 138
Evaluating Welfare Reform: A Framework and Review of Current Work
Project Title and Investigators
State/Locality Studied
Data Used
Study Design
Project on Devolution and Urban Change
L.A., Miami, Cleveland, Philadelphia
Survey of households—two cohorts of AFDC/TANF single mothers.; in-depth interviews; Welfare office site visits; Interviews with community institutions and service agencies, neighborhood-level indicators
5 components: individual impact study, implementation study, neighborhood indicators study, ethnographic study, institutional study
ReWORKing Welfare
Guidance to planning and implementing welfare reform
Vermont's Welfare Restructuring Project
6 districts in VT
Winning New Jobs
3 California sites
Mathematica Policy Research, Inc.
Addressing Barriers to Employment for Welfare Recipients
OCR for page 139
Evaluating Welfare Reform: A Framework and Review of Current Work
Project Title and Investigators
State/Locality Studied
Data Used
Study Design
Early Head Start Research and Evaluation Project
17 diverse communities
3 rounds of site visits, program documents, parent services follow-up interviews, child care observations, staff surveys, parent report, direct assessments of children, observations of children, videotape coding of parent-child interactions, interviews of parents
Experimental design: implementation study, impact evaluation, local research studies, policy studies, guide to EHS programs
Evaluation of Iowa's Family Investment Program and Limited Benefit Plan
Iowa
Surveyed 137 families; case records of over 4,000 families
Experimental design; process study; impact study; cost-benefit study; client focus-group discussions
Evaluating Welfare Reform: New Freedom, New Challenges for States
CA, CO, MI, MN, WI
Advice to states in evaluating welfare reform
Expanding Health Insurance Coverage for Low Income People: Experiments in 5 States with Urban Institute
HI, MD, OK, RI, TN
Current Population Survey; interviews with local and state officials, managed care reps, health care providers, consumers; focus groups with consumers and providers
Implementation study
National Evaluation of Welfare to Work Grants Program:
State and local sites
(a) Descriptive assessment of program designs
All sites
Surveys to grantees; about 35 site visits
OCR for page 140
Evaluating Welfare Reform: A Framework and Review of Current Work
Project Title and Investigators
State/Locality Studied
Data Used
Study Design
(b) Impact and cost-effectiveness
8–10 sites that agree to participate
Experimental design; random assignment
(c) Process and implementation study
12–15 sites
Site visits, discussion with staff, focus groups with participants, program observations
Post-Employment Services Demonstration
Chicago, Portland, Riverside, San Antonio
Survey of about 300 in each site; participants administrative data for full sample of participants
Experimental design: random assignment
Teenage Parent Demonstration
Camden, Newark, and South Chicago
Site observations, interviews and case reviews with program staff, program data, state records data, baseline and follow-up interviews with teens, focus groups, in-depth semi-structured interviews
Experimental design; n= 6,000; late 1987–1991
Welfare Reform: New Requirements for Teen Parents
Welfare waiver states
Youth Fair Chance Program
17 sites in high-poverty areas
Telephone survey of youth in target areas
OCR for page 141
Evaluating Welfare Reform: A Framework and Review of Current Work
Project Title and Investigators
State/Locality Studied
Data Used
Study Design
Michigan Women's Employment Survey
An urban county in MI
Simple random sample of 753 single mothers with children who received cash assistance in Feb. 1997; face-to-face interviews; in total, 3 waves of data to be collected
National Center for Children in Poverty—Columbia University
Research Forum on Children, Families and the New Federalism
Three purposes: promote monitoring and evaluation research; promote collaboration among key stakeholders; information exchange that includes a clearinghouse for welfare research projects
National Governors' Association
Tracking Welfare Reform: Designing Follow-up Studies of Recipients Who Leave Welfare
All states
NGA, with National Conference of State Legislatures and American of Public Human Service Association, is keeping track of leavers studies
Summaries of Selected Elements of State Programs for Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF)
All states
Keeping track of state welfare policies
OCR for page 142
Evaluating Welfare Reform: A Framework and Review of Current Work
Project Title and Investigators
State/Locality Studied
Data Used
Study Design
Working Out of Poverty: Employment Retention and Career Advancement for Welfare Recipients
Explores promising welfare-to-work programs and practices of states and localities
Summary of state welfare-to-work plans
All States
Summarizes state plans
RAND
Los Angeles Survey of Families and Communities
65 neighborhoods (census tracts) in L.A. County
Stratified random sample of neighborhoods with oversample of poor neighborhoods and of households with children under age 18; 4-year panel study
Annual household survey and annual neighborhood survey: household survey contains program participation questions and questions on child outcomes; neighborhood survey collects administrative data and interviews key neighborhood informants
OCR for page 143
Evaluating Welfare Reform: A Framework and Review of Current Work
Project Title and Investigators
State/Locality Studied
Data Used
Study Design
Statewide CalWORKS evaluation — 5 components to study: State-level process study; county-level process study; implementation study; statewide impact and cost-benefit study; county-level impact and cost-benefit study
58 California counties
For the corresponding 5 components: (1, 2, and 3) all-county implementation survey with county and state site visits; (4, 5) administrative data from the state and counties, household survey in 6 focus counties, first in 9/99 and again a year later, plus data from components 1–3 of study.
Observational study—standard regression approach and case-control design; process and implementation analyses
Rockefeller Institute of Government Federalism Research Group
State Capacity Study & Implementing PRWORA (SUNY Albany)
20 sample states
Implementation and process study of institutions administering social welfare programs
Field research evaluation
University of California Data Archive and Technical Assistance (UC-Data)
CA Work Pays Demonstration Project (with California Department of Social Services Research)
California
State-level administrative records for AFDC, Medical, UI, other state and federal assistance programs, and employment tax files; county-level administrative records for AFDC and food stamp programs; nonautomated client records at county
OCR for page 144
Evaluating Welfare Reform: A Framework and Review of Current Work
Project Title and Investigators
State/Locality Studied
Data Used
Study Design
welfare offices; and telephone interviews with AFDC recipients
Advisory Panel for Research Uses of Administrative Data—with JCPR
Published in January 1998
CAL—Learn Program Evaluation
CA—4 counties
3 cohorts of AFDC teens n = 4,900
Random assignment; 2-way factorial design of the 2 program elements.
Inventory of state effort to use administrative data for welfare research (funded by ASPE)
28 states
Interviews with state-level data system managers, administrators, and researchers to determine how each state use administrative data records for monitoring evaluation and research
University of Maryland, School of Social Work, Welfare and Child Support Research and Training Unit
OCR for page 145
Evaluating Welfare Reform: A Framework and Review of Current Work
Project Title and Investigators
State/Locality Studied
Data Used
Study Design
Life After Welfare Study
Maryland
Matched administrative records; 5% random sample of closed cases taken every month for a year (2,156 cases); survey of former recipients
Examining Customer Pathways and Assessment Practices
Maryland
In-person staff interviews, site visits, case record review, observation of worker-customer interactions
Process analysis of Maryland's welfare program, which is state supervised, locally administered
Urban Institute: Assessing the New Federalism
State indicators
All 50 states
Compiled data on income security, social services, health, child and youth well-being, taxes, etc.
Aggregate state-level data
State case studies of policy and programs
AL, CA, CO, FL, MA, MI, MN, MS, NJ, NY, TX, WA, WI
Collecting data in base year (1996) and again in following years
Development and implementation of policies
National Survey of America's Families
AL, CA, CO, FL, MA, MI, MN, MS, NJ, NY, TX, WA, WI
Survey of over 40,000 households in 1997; follow-up survey of second cross-section in 1999
Well-being changes of two cross-sections to be analyzed
Child Well-Being, with Child Trends (see above)
All 50 states
Tracks legislation at federal and state level. Child Trends is developing ways to measure changes in child well-being
OCR for page 146
Evaluating Welfare Reform: A Framework and Review of Current Work
Project Title and Investigators
State/Locality Studied
Data Used
Study Design
Understanding the Impact of TANF and Other Laws on Immigrant Families
Los Angeles and New York City
Large-scale study of immigrants and communities
Welfare Children and Families: A Three-City Study
Various researchers across country
Boston, Chicago, and San Antonio
Longitudinal data on 2,800 households; developmental study of 800 children in 2,800 households; comparative ethnographies of 170 families
Cohort design
Representative terms from entire chapter:
welfare reform
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