References
Adler, D. 1999. Personal communication from Deborah Adler, ethanol analyst, Environmental Protection Agency, to Tien Nguyen, program manager, Office of Fuels Development, U.S. Department of Energy, August 4, 1999.
AFPA (American Forest and Paper Association). 1994. Agenda 2020: A Technology Vision and Research Agenda for America's Forest, Wood, and Paper Industry. Atlanta, Ga.: American Forest and Paper Association.
APAC (Agricultural Policy Analysis Center). 1999. The POLYSIS Modeling Framework Overview. Available on line at: http:/apasweb.ag.utk.edu/Projects_Research/POLYSIS/polysys.html
Brown, M.A., M.D. Levine, J.P. Romm, A.H. Rosenfeld, and J.G. Koomey. 1998. Engineering-economic studies of energy technologies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions: opportunities and challenges. Annual Review of Energy and Environment 23: 287-386.
Christian, D.P., G.J. Niemi, J.M. Hanoski, and P. Collins. 1994. Perspectives on biomass energy tree plantations and changes in habitat for biological organisms. Biomass and Bioenergy 6: 31-39.
Dale, B.E. 1983. Biomass refining: protein and ethanol from alfalfa. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Product Research and Development 22: 466-472.
de la Rosa, L.B., B.E. Dale, S.T. Reshamwala, V.M. Latimer, E.D. Stuart, and B.T. Shawky. 1994. An integrated process for protein and ethanol from coastal Bermuda grass. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 45/46: 483-497.
Delucchi, M.A. 1991. Emissions of Greenhouse Gases from the Use of Transportation Fuels. Vol. 1. Fuels and Electricity. ANL/ESD/TM-22. Argonne, Ill.: Argonne National Laboratory.
DOE (U.S. Department of Energy). 1996. Clean Cities Alternative Fuel Vehicle Incentives. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy.
DOE. 1997. The Clean Fuels Report. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy.
DOE. 1999. The Fiscal Year 2000 Congressional Budget Request. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy.
DOT (U.S. Department of Transportation). 1998. Monthly Motor Fuel Reported by States. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Transportation.
EIA (Energy Information Administration). 1998. Annual Energy Outlook 1999, with Projections to 2020. DOE/EIA-0383(99). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy.
Foody, P. 1999. Personal communication from Patrick Foody, Iogen Corporation, to Robert Hall of the Committee to Review the R&D Strategy for Biomass-Derived Ethanol and Biodiesel Transportation Fuels, June 15, 1999.
Glassner, D.A. 1998. Biofuels Program C Milestone Completion Report. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Unpublished.
Hettenhaus, J.R. 1999. Corn Stover Potential to Build the Bridge to Bioethanol, Recast Related Industries and Improve the Environment. Presentation to the Committee to Review the R&D Strategy for Biomass-Derived Ethanol and Biodiesel Transportation Fuels, Beckman Center, Irvine, California, February 11, 1999.
Hettenhaus, J., and D. Glassner. 1997. Enzyme Hydrolysis of Cellulose: Short-Term Commercialization Prospects for Conversion of Lignocellulosics to Ethanol . Report to the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Ethanol Program. Unpublished.
Himmel, M.E., W.S. Adney, J.O. Baker, R. Elander, J.D. McMillan, R.A. Nieres, J.J. Sheehan, S.R. Thomas, T.B. Vinzant, and M. Zhang. 1997. Advanced bioethanol production technologies: a perspective. Pp. 2-45 in Fuels and Chemicals from Biomass, ACS Symposium Series 666, R.C. Sara and J. Woodward, eds. Washington, D.C.: American Chemical Society.
Hinman, N.D., D.J. Schell, C.J. Riley, P.W. Bergeron, and P.J. Walter. 1992. Preliminary estimate of the cost of ethanol production for SSF technology. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 34/35:639-649.
Hogsett, D.A., H.J. Ahn, T.D. Bernardez, C.R. South, and L.R. Lynd. 1992. Direct microbial conversion: prospects, progress and obstacles. Applied Biochemical Biotechnology 34/35: 527-541.
Katzen, R., P.W. Madson, and B.S. Shroff. 1994. Ethanol from Corn-State of the Art Technology and Economics. Presented at the National Corn Growers Association Corn Utilization Conference V, St. Louis, Missouri, June 8-10, 1994.
Keim, C.R. 1980. Economics of ethanol and d-glucose derived from corn. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Product Research and Development 19(4): 483-489.
Lambert, P. 1999. Personal Communication from P. Lambert, director of the National Ethanol Vehicle Coalition, to Mary Jane Letaw, study director, and James Zucchetto, director, Board on Energy and Environmental Systems, March 18, 1999.
Lugar, R.G., and R.J. Woolsey. 1999. The new petroleum. Foreign Affairs 78: 88-102.
Lynd, L. 1996. Overview and evaluation of fuel ethanol from cellulosic biomass: technology, economics, the environment, and policy. Annual Review of Energy and the Environment 21: 403-465.
Lynd, L.R., R.T. Elander, and C.E. Wyman. 1996. Likely features and costs of mature biomass ethanol technology. Applied Biochemistry and Biochemistry 57/58: 741-761.
McCoy, M. 1998. Biomass ethanol inches forward. Chemical and Engineering News 76(49): 29-32.
Miller, R. 1999. Outlook for Bioethanol Development. Presentation to the Committee to Review the R&D Strategy for Biomass-Derived Ethanol and Biodiesel Transportation Fuels, Beckman Center, Irvine, California, February 11, 1999.
Miller, R., B. Heine, C. Jewitt, C. Reader, and W.R. Schwanst. 1996. Changes in Gasoline III: The Auto Technician's Gasoline Quality Guide. Brenin, Ind.: Downstream Alternatives, Inc.
Nguyen, T. 1999. Personal communication from T. Nugyen, program manager, Office of Fuels Development, U.S. Department of Energy, to John Sheehan, Office of Fuels Development, U.S. Department of Energy, April 12, 1999.
NRC (National Research Council). 1996. Toxicological and Performance Aspects of Oxygenated Motor Vehicle Fuels. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
NRC. 1998a. Designing an Agricultural Genome Program. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
NRC. 1998b. Peer Review in Environmental Technology Development Programs. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
NRC. 1999a. Review of the Research Program of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles, Fifth Report. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
NRC. 1999b. Ozone-Forming Potential of Reformulated Gasoline. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
NRC. 1999c. Biobased Industrial Products: Priorities for Research and Commercialization. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory). 1998. Bioethanol Strategic Roadmap: A Planning Framework for Development of Biomass-to-Ethanol Technology. Preliminary draft (December 22). Prepared by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory for the Office of Fuels Development, U.S. Department of Energy. Golden, Colo.: National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
NSTC (National Science and Technology Council). 1997. Interagency Assessment of Oxygenated Fuels. Washington, D.C.: Executive Office of the President.
OFD (Office of Fuels Development). 1998. Draft National Biomass Ethanol Program Plan, Fiscal Years 1999-2005, Draft. EE-31. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Fuels Development.
ORNL (Oak Ridge National Laboratory). 1998. Review of the Switchgrass Component of the Biofuels Feedstock Development Program (April 15). Latter report from Dwayne R. Buxton, Agricultural Research Service, and chair of Review Team for the Switchgrass Component of the Bioenergy Feedstock Development Program. Oak Ridge, Tenn.: Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
ORNL. 1999a. List of cooperators available on line: www.esd.ornl.gov/bfdp/papers/misc/cooperators.html
ORNL. 1999b. Draft Bioenergy Feedstock Development Program Fiscal Year 1999 Project Summaries, Draft. Oak Ridge, Tenn.: Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Also available on line: www.esd.ornl.gov/bfdp/bfdpmain.html
PCAST (President's Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology). 1997. Federal Energy Research and Development for the Twenty-First Century (November 5). Washington, D.C.: Executive Office of the President.
PCAST. 1999. Powerful Partnerships: The Federal Role in International Cooperation on Energy Innovation (June). Washington, D.C.: Executive Office of the President.
Piel, W. 1999. Personal communication from William Piel, business director, Tier Associates, to Robert Hall, member of the Committee to Review the R&D Strategy for Biomass-Derived Ethanol and Biodiesel Transportation Fuel, May 18, 1999.
PNW (Pacific Northwest). 1999. Information on crop development centers in the Pacific Northwest available on line: http://www.fsl.orst.edu/tgerc/index.html or http://poplar2.efr.washington.edu/fm
Ranney, J.W., and L.K. Mann. 1994. Environmental considerations in energy crop production. Biomass and Bioenergy 6: 211-228.
Reicher, D. 1998. Growing an Industry: Overview of DOE's Bioenergy Activities and Proposed Plan of Activities. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Energy's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. Also available on line: http:/www.eren.doe.gov/bioenergy_iniative/sub2.html
RFA (Renewable Fuels Association). 1999. Ethanol: Brief Report on its Use in Gasoline. Available on line: http://www.ethanolrfa.org/techreports.html
Schell, D., C. Riley, P. Bergeron, P. Walter. 1991. Technical and Economic Analysis of an Enzymatic Hydrolysis-Based Ethanol Plant. SERI/TP232-4295. Golden, Colo.: Solar Energy Research Institute.
Sperling, D. 1988. New Transportation Fuels: A Strategic Approach to Technological Change. Berkeley and Los Angeles, Calif.: University of California Press.
Sterky, F., S. Regan, J. Karisson, M. Hertzberg, A. Rohde, A. Holmberg, B. Amini, R. Bhalerao, M. Larsson, R. Villarroel, M. Van Montagu, G. Sandberg, O. Olsson, T. Teeri, W. Boerjan, P. Gustafsson, M. Uhlen, B. Sundberg, and J. Lundeberg. 1998. Gene discovery in the wood forming tissues of poplar: analysis of 5,692 expressed sequence tags. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 95: 13330-13335.
Ting, P. 1999. Personal communication from Paul Ting, Salomon Smith Barney, to Robert Hall, member of the Committee to Review the R&D Strategy for Biomass-Derived Ethanol and Biodiesel Transportation Fuels, April 30, 1999.
Tolbert, V.R., and A. Schiller. 1996. Environmental enhancement using short-rotation woody crops and perennial grasses as alternatives to traditional agricultural crops. Pp. 209-216 in Environmental Enhancement through Agriculture, W. Lockeretz, ed. Boston, Mass.: Center for Agriculture, Food and Environment, Tufts University.
Tolbert, V.R., and L.L. Wright. 1998. Environmental enhancement of U.S. biomass crop technologies: research results to date. Biomass and Bioenergy 15(1): 93-100.
Tuskan, G.A. 1999. The Development of Bioenergy Crops: An Integration of Improved Cultural Practices, Pest Control, Genetics and Biotechnology. Presentation to the Committee to Review the R&D Strategy for Biomass-Derived Ethanol and Biodiesel Transportation Fuels, Beckman Center, Irvine, California, February 11, 1999.
Tyson, K.S. 1998. Biodiesel Strategic Plan: Opportunities for a New Century. Draft Version 2. Internal Review Document (October 26). Golden, Colo.: National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
van Walsum, P., S.G. Allen, M.S. Laser, M.J. Spencer, M.J. Antel, and L.R. Lynd. 1996. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 57/58: 157-170.
Wang, M.Q. 1997. GREET 1.0-Transportation Fuel Cycles Model: Methodology and Use. ANL/ESD-33. Argonne, Ill.: Argonne National Laboratory.
Wang, M., C. Saricks, and D. Santini. 1998. Fuel-cycle energy and greenhouse gas emissions effects of fuel ethanol Argonne, Ill.: Argonne National Laboratory.
Wooley, R., M. Ruth, J. Sheehan, H. Majdeski, and A. Galvez. 1999. Lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol process design and economics utilizing co-current dilute acid prehydrolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis: current and futuristic scenarios. Draft. NREL TP-580-2615. Golden, Colo.: National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
Wright, L., and G.A. Tuskan. 1997. Strategy, results and directions for woody crop research funded by the U.S. Department of Energy. Pp. 791-799 in Proceedings of the 1997 Pulping Conference. Atlanta, Ga.: Tappi Press.
Wyman, C. 1999. Opportunities and Technological Challenges of Bioethanol. Presentation to the Committee to Review the R&D Strategy for Biomass-Derived Ethanol and Biodiesel Transportation Fuels, Beckman Center, Irvine, California, February 11, 1999.
Wyman, C.E., N.D. Hinman, R.L. Bain, and D.J. Stevens. 1992. Ethanol and methanol from cellulosic biomass. Pp. 865-924 in Fuels and Electricity from Renewable Resources, R.H. Williams, T.B. Johansson, H. Kelly, and A.K.N. Reddy, eds. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.