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To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System (2000)
Institute of Medicine (IOM)

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. "2 Errors in Health Care: A Leading Cause of Death and Injury." To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2000.

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96. Thomas, et al., 1999.

97. Alliance for Aging Research. When Medicine Hurts Instead of Helps. Washington, DC: The Alliance for Aging Research; 1998.

98. Johnson, et al., 1995.

99. Hallas, et al., 1997.

100. Willcox, et al., 1994.

101. Knox, 1999.

102. Einarson, 1993.

103. Bates, David W., et al. The Costs of Adverse Drug Events in Hospitalized Patients, op cit, 1995.

104. Classen, David C.; Pestotnik, Stanley L.; Evans, R. Scott, et al. Adverse Drug Events in Hospitalized Patients: Excess Length of Stay, Extra Costs, and Attributable Mortality. JAMA. 277:301–306, 1997.

105. Schneider, Philip J.; Gift, Maja G.; Lee, Yu-Ping, et al. Cost of Medication-Related Problems at a University Hospital. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 52:2415–2418, 1995.

106. Bloom, Bernard S. Cost of Treating Arthritis and NSAID-Related Gastrointestinal Side-Effects. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. l(Suppl 2):131–138, 1998.

107. Bootman, J. Lyle; Harrison, LTC Donald L., and Cox, Emily. The Health Care Cost of Drug-Related Morbidity and Mortality in Nursing Facilities. Arch Intern Med. 157(18):2089–2096, 1997.

108. Federal Aviation Administration, Office of System Safety. Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) Database [Web Page]. 1999. Available at: http://nasdac.faa.gov/safety data.

109. National Patient Safety Foundation. Diverse Groups Come Together to Improve Health Care Safety Through the National Patient Safety Foundation [Web Page]. 1997 Aug 29. Available at: http://www.ama-assn.org/med-sci/npsf/pr897.htm. Note: press release.

110. National Patient Safety Foundation, 1997.

111. National Patient Safety Foundation, 1997.

112. National Patient Safety Foundation, 1997.

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