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Rights & Permissions Free Resources Display this book on your site! Related Titles International Human Rights Network of Academies and Scholarly Societies: Proceedings - Symposium and Seventh Biennial Meeting, London, May 18-20, 2005 Engaging Privacy and Information Technology in a Digital Age Other Related Titles Science and Human Rights (1988) National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Web Search Builder Use this book's key terms to search within this book, across our collection, or across the Web. Skim This Chapter Skim this chapter and use this chapter's key terms to search within this book. Reference Finder Paste in your own text to find books that relate to your topic. Page 84   E-mail  Facebook  Digg  Stumble  Twitter More Page 84 Front Matter (R1-R4) Contents (R5-R6) Foreward (R7-R10) Preface (R11-R14) Overview (1-15) Welcoming Remarks (16-17) Introduction (18-20) Part 1: Torture, Psychiatric Abuse, and the Ethics of Medicine: Introduction (21-22) The Work of the Medical Association of Chile (23-25) Comments (26-27) Comments (28-32) Comments (33-33) Questions and Answers (34-38) Part 2: Human Rights, Human Needs, and Scientific Freedom: Introduction (39-39) Apartheid in South Africa (40-45) Comments (46-51) Comments (52-53) Comments (54-54) Questions and Answers (55-60) Part 3: Human Rights and Human Survival: Introduction (61-61) The Soviet Union, Human Rights, and National Security (62-66) Comments (67-69) Comments (70-70) Comments (71-72) Questions and Answers (73-78) Closing Remarks (79-80) Appendix A: Affiliations of Participants (81-83) Appendix B: Mandates, Committee on Human Rights and Committee on Health and Human Rights (84-85) Appendix C: Organization of a Human Rights Committee (86-92)

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Appendix B Mandates, Committee on Human Rights and Committee on Health and Human Rights COMMITTEE ON HUMAN RIGHTS The National Academy of Sciences' Committee on Human Rights (CHR) was created in 1976 in response to increased concern by academy members over repression of scientists in many areas of the world. The committee's membership includes voting representation from the National Academy of Engineering (NAE), the Institute of Medicine (IOM), and the National Academy of Sciences. Eight members are from the academy, two are from the NAE, and two members and an adviser are from the TOM. The committee's inquiries and appeals are based on principles set forth in the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights, a decIara- tion that has been adopted by the UN member states. It proclaims certain common standards of human rights for all peoples standards that include the right to life, liberty, and security of person; to free- dom from torture and arbitrary detention; to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal; and to freedom of speech, conscience, and religion. Though the committee's concern is for all victims of abuses of human rights, the focus of its work is on scientists, engineers, and health professionals believed to be victims of severe repression. The committee only undertakes cases of colleagues who, to the best of its knowledge, have not used or advocated violence. The committee undertakes cases of scientific colleagues anywhere in the world. In the past it has worked on cases in several dozen countries, including Chile, Czechoslovakia, Guatemala, Iraq, Kenya, 84

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85 Morocco, the Philippines, South Africa, the Soviet Union, Vietnam, and Zaire. COMMITTEE ON HEALTH AND HUMAN RIGHTS The Institute of Medicine was chartered by the National Acade- my of Sciences in 1970. Its approximately 460 active members are elected on the basis of their professional achievement and serve with- out compensation in the conduct of studies, conferences, and other TOM inquiries into matters of national policy for health. The Committee on Health and Human Rights (CHHR) of the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences was cre- ated in 1987 at the request of the TOM council. The committee focuses its efforts on health-related human rights issues. Its concerns include, but are not limited to, torture, incarceration of health pro- fessionals without due process, collusion of health professionals in torture, abuses of psychiatry and other medical knowledge for po- litical purposes, breach of confidentiality and falsification of medical information, and other unethical medical practices involving prison- ers or people in detention. The CHHR works to identify such practices through scholarly work and research; to increase public and professional awareness (through periodic meetings, workshops, and conferences); to use the prestige of the TOM to bring pressure to bear on the abusers (through appeals, inquiries, and visits or missions to countries); and to support and defend health professionals and groups that work to combat abuses of human rights. The CHHR is currently composed of seven members of the TOM and is directly responsible to the TOM council. The committee is funded by the TOM and has part-time staff support.

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health professionals