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PAPERBACK list:$29.00 Web:$26.10 add to cart Rights & Permissions Free PDF Access Free Resources Sign in to download PDF book and chapters PDF SUMMARY Display this book on your site! Related Titles Cooperation in the Energy Futures of China and the United States--Chinese Version The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs Other Related Titles Cooperation in the Energy Futures of China and the United States (2000) Office of International Affairs (OIA) Web Search Builder Use this book's key terms to search within this book, across our collection, or across the Web. Skim This Chapter Skim this chapter and use this chapter's key terms to search within this book. Reference Finder Paste in your own text to find books that relate to your topic. Page 92   E-mail  Facebook  Digg  Stumble  Twitter More The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. Energy Conversion ENERGY CONVERSION FACTORS From one: To: EJ Btce Btoe Tcm NG Quad Exajoule EJ 1.000 0.033 0.022 0.025 0.948 Billion metric tons coal equivalent [2] Btce 30.300 1.000 0.675 0.761 28.720 Billion metric tons oil equivalent [3] Btoe 44.900 1.482 1.000 1.128 42.559 Trillion cubic meters natural gas [4] Tcm NG 39.800 1.314 0.886 1.000 37.725 Quadrillion Btu Quad 1.055 0.035 0.023 0.027 1.000 [1] These factors are as per footnote 1 on p. 2, and follow the U.S. convention of high-heat values. [2] Chinese conversion factors for coal and other fuels are low-heat values. Chinese average raw coal contains 20.93 GJ/metric ton (low heat), or 22.51 GJ/t (high heat), assuming that low-heat values for coal are 93% of high-heat values. China typically converts all its energy statistics into “metric tons of standard coal equivalent” (tce), a unit that bears little relation to the heating value of coals actually in use in China. One tce equal 29.31 GJ (low heat) equivalent to 31.52 GJ/tce (high heat). [3] China uses a conversion factor for its oil of 41.87 GJ/metric ton (low heat), equivalent to 44.07 GJ/ t (high heat), assuming that low-heat values for oil are 95% of high-heat values. [4] China uses a conversion factor for its natural gas of 38.98 GJ/thousand cubic meters (low heat), equivalent to 43.31 GJ/tcm (high heat), assuming that low-heat values for natural gas are 90% of high-heat values. Page 92 Front Matter (R1-R12) Executive Summary (1-10) Highlights of Conclusions and Recommendations (11-14) 1 Energy Setting for China and the United States (15-43) 2 Perspectives and Commentary (44-64) 3 Conclusions and Recommendations (65-88) Acronyms (89-91) Energy Conversion (92-93) References (94-96)

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OCR for page 92
Cooperation in the Energy Futures of China and the United States Energy Conversion ENERGY CONVERSION FACTORS From one: To: EJ Btce Btoe Tcm NG Quad Exajoule EJ 1.000 0.033 0.022 0.025 0.948 Billion metric tons coal equivalent [2] Btce 30.300 1.000 0.675 0.761 28.720 Billion metric tons oil equivalent [3] Btoe 44.900 1.482 1.000 1.128 42.559 Trillion cubic meters natural gas [4] Tcm NG 39.800 1.314 0.886 1.000 37.725 Quadrillion Btu Quad 1.055 0.035 0.023 0.027 1.000 [1] These factors are as per footnote 1 on p. 2, and follow the U.S. convention of high-heat values. [2] Chinese conversion factors for coal and other fuels are low-heat values. Chinese average raw coal contains 20.93 GJ/metric ton (low heat), or 22.51 GJ/t (high heat), assuming that low-heat values for coal are 93% of high-heat values. China typically converts all its energy statistics into “metric tons of standard coal equivalent” (tce), a unit that bears little relation to the heating value of coals actually in use in China. One tce equal 29.31 GJ (low heat) equivalent to 31.52 GJ/tce (high heat). [3] China uses a conversion factor for its oil of 41.87 GJ/metric ton (low heat), equivalent to 44.07 GJ/ t (high heat), assuming that low-heat values for oil are 95% of high-heat values. [4] China uses a conversion factor for its natural gas of 38.98 GJ/thousand cubic meters (low heat), equivalent to 43.31 GJ/tcm (high heat), assuming that low-heat values for natural gas are 90% of high-heat values.

OCR for page 93
Cooperation in the Energy Futures of China and the United States Chinese factors:   low heat conversion high heat average raw coal GJ/t 20.93 0.93 22.51 standard coal equivalent GJ/tce 29.31 0.93 31.52 oil GJ/t 41.87 0.95 44.07 natural gas GJ/tcm 38.98 0.90 43.31 Both tables courtesy of J.E. Sinton, Energy Analysis Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Multiplier Prefixes for use with International System of Units (SI) Prefixes kilo = thousand = 103 mega = million = 106 giga = billion = 109 tera = trillion = 1012 peta = quadrillion = 1015 exa = quantrillion = 1018 Adapted from EIA, Annual Review of Energy 1997 Abbreviations Quad = quadrillion (1015) British thermal units (Btu) mtce = million ton of coal equivalent mtoe = million ton of oil equivalent boe = barrel of oil equivalent One barrel of oil = 0.136 tons of oil One short ton (2000 lbs.) = 0.907 metric tons One cubic foot = 0.0283 cubic meters

Representative terms from entire chapter:

coal equivalent