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PAPERBACK list:$49.50 Web:$44.55 add to cart Rights & Permissions Free PDF Access Free Resources Sign in to download PDF book and chapters PDF EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Display this book on your site! Related Titles Assessment of the Scientific Information for the Radiation Exposure Screening and Education Program Review of the Worker and Public Health Activities Program Administered by the Department of Energy and the Department of Health and Human Services Other Related Titles Review of the Hanford Thyroid Disease Study Draft Final Report (2000) Commission on Life Sciences (CLS) Web Search Builder Use this book's key terms to search within this book, across our collection, or across the Web. Skim This Chapter Skim this chapter and use this chapter's key terms to search within this book. Reference Finder Paste in your own text to find books that relate to your topic. Page 198   E-mail  Facebook  Digg  Stumble  Twitter More Page 198 Front Matter (R1-R10) Public Summary (1-16) Executive Summary (17-39) 1 Introduction (40-41) 2 Overview of the HTDS Draft Final Report and Organization of the Committee (42-48) 3 Evaluation of Epidemiologic and Clinical Methods (49-60) 4 Evaluation of Dosimetric Methods and Results (61-85) 5 Evaluation of Statistical Data Analysis (86-98) 6 Statistical Power and Interpretation of the Study (99-110) 7 Comparison with Other Studies (111-113) 8 Communication of Study Results (114-136) 9 Summary of Responses to CDC (137-155) References (156-162) Appendix A: Subcommittee Activities (163-163) Appendix B: Responses to Selected Comments by the Public (168-175) Appendix C: Estimated Thyroid Doses From (176-197) Appendix D: Equation Relating to the Effect of Error is Assessing Childhood Milk Consumption (198-199) Glossary (200-200) Information on Committee Members (212-218)

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OCR for page 198
Appendix D Equation Relating to the Effect of Error in Assessing Childhood Milk-consumption The approximation for the inflation in sample sizes ~ -M ~MR2 due to errors in milk consumption is derived by noting that if the dose estimate is linear both in milk intake, Im, and also in other variables, W. which are independent of milk consumption, then the variance of the close distribution can be divided into two portions. For example if dose, D, is approximately equal to D = a + bW + CIm Then the variance of the dose distribution is approximately equal to var( D ) = b 2 var( W ) + c 2 var( Im ) Now if milk consumption is estimated using a questionnaire to give value Qm then which has correlation R with true milk consumption, then in order to estimate a linear dose response function in dose with no dose error attenuation bias, we replace D in the response mode} with E(D ~ Qm ~ = a + bell ~ Qm ~ + CE(lm ~ Qm (Carroll and others, 1995~. The variance of this quantity determines the sample size required to detect a nonzero dose response, as described in chapter X on statistical power. Assuming 198

OCR for page 199
Appendix D 199 also that the non-milk variables are independent of the questionnaire estimate of milk consumption, we have var(E(D ~ Qm JO = b2var6W ~ Qm ~ + c2var<~m ~ Qm = b2 var(W) + c2R 2 var(]m ~ . Letting M=c2Var(Im)/Var(D)be the fraction ofthe variance of dose that depends upon milk and 1-M the remainder, the we have var(E(D ~ Qm' = var(D)~-M +MR2) . Thus if we do not know true milk consumption, but only Qm, in order to have the same power to detect a linear dose response function we must (from the equation for the noncentrality parameter) have N2 var(D ~ Qm = N var(D) where N is the sample size needed with no errors in estimating milk consumption, and N2 is the sample size required when Qm is used to estimate milk. Therefore the inflation in sample size needed is N2 = I-M +MR2 .

Representative terms from entire chapter:

dose response