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DRI DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES FOR Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids
Duration
Findings
5–12 d
↓ In vivo nitrosation (N -nitrosoproline)
1 wk
↓ Urinary β-glucuronidase activity (linked to bladder cancer)
4 wk
↓ Gastric mucosa DNAa
4 wk
↑ O 6 -alkyltransferase DNA repair enzyme
—
Significant (p < .001) correlation between gastric mucosa ascorbyl radical concentration and ROSb
4–12 mo
↓ Nitrotyrosine in gastric mucosa (measure of RNSc
1 d
↓ In vivo nitrosation by urinary nitrosoproline products
Vitamin C Dose
Findings
18 mg/min (infusion)
↑ Forearm blood flow 1.6-fold (measured after acetylcholine infusion)
2,000 mg (oral)
↑ Brachial artery dilation 3.2-fold (measured after 2 h)
24 mg/min (infusion)
↑ Forearm blood flow 1.4-fold (measured after methacholine infusion)
10 mg/min (infusion)
↑ Brachial artery dilation 1.7-fold (measured after 20 min)
3,000 mg (infusion)
↓ Coronary artery vasoconstriction 2.6-fold (measured after acetylcholine infusion)
24 mg/min (infusion)
↑ Forearm blood flow 1.3-fold (measured after methacholine infusion)
25 mg/min (infusion)
↑ Radial artery dilation 1.6-fold (measured after 10 min)
2,000 mg (oral)
↑ Radial artery dilation 1.5-fold (following 4 wk supplementation)
2.4 mg/min (infusion)
↑ Forearm blood flow 1.3-fold (acetycholine)
24 mg/min (infusion)
↑ Forearm blood flow 1.4-fold (measured after methacholine infusion)
Front Matter (R1-R23)
Summary (1-20)
1 Introduction to Dietary Reference Intakes (21-34)
2 Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and •-Carotene and Other Carotenoids: Overview, Antioxidant Definition, and Relationship to Chronic Disease (35-57)
3 Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and •-Carotene and Other Carotenoids: Methods (58-72)
4 A Model for the Development of Tolerable Upper Intake Levels for Nutrients (73-94)
5 Vitamin C (95-185)
6 Vitamin E (186-283)
7 Selenium (284-324)
8 •-Carotene and Other Carotenoids (325-382)
9 Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes (383-400)
10 A Research Agenda (401-408)
A Origin and Framework of the Development of Dietary Reference Intakes (409-412)
B Acknowledgments (413-415)
C Dietary Intake Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994 (416-431)
D Dietary Intake Data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), 1994–1996 (432-437)
E Canadian Dietary Intake Data, 1993, 1995 (438-439)
F Serum Values from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994 (440-457)
G Options for Dealing with Uncertainties (458-462)
H Glossary and Acronyms (463-468)
I Biographical Sketches of Panel and Subcommittee Members (469-482)
Index (483-506)
