5

50 mg β-carotene

Skin cancer

No effect on occurrence of new nonmelanoma skin cancers

5.25

15 mg β-carotene, 30 mg α-tocopherol, 50 mg selenium

Cancer

9% reduction in total mortality; 13% decrease in cancer mortality; 21% decrease in stomach cancer deaths; 10% decrease in cerebrovascular mortality (nonsignificant)

6

50 mg α-tocopherol and/or 20 mg β-carotene

Lung cancer

50% increase in hemorrhagic stroke deaths among vitamin E group; 11% increase in ischemic heart disease deaths among β-carotene group; 18% increase in lung cancer among β-carotene group; no effect of vitamin E on lung cancer

4

25 mg β-carotene, 1,000 mg vitamin C, 400 mg α-tocopherol

Colorectal cancer

No reduced incidence of adenomas

4

30 mg β-carotene, 25,000 IU retinol (as retinyl palmitate)

Lung cancer

28% increase in lung cancer; 26% increase in CVD^d (nonsignificant); 17% increase in total mortality among treatment group

1.4

400 or 800 IU (268 or 537 mg) α-tocopherol

CVD death or nonfatal MI^f

77% decrease in risk of subsequent nonfatal MI; no benefit on cardiovascular mortality