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The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. PHS Physicians' Health Study Provitamin A carotenoids α-Carotene, β-carotene, and β-cryptoxanthin PUFA Polyunsaturated fatty acid RBC Red blood cell RDA Recommended Dietary Allowance Risk assessment Organized framework for evaluating scientific information, which has as its objective a characterization of the nature and likelihood of harm resulting from excess human exposure to an environmental agent (in this case, a nutrient); it includes the development of both qualitative and quantitative expressions of risk Risk characterization Final step in a risk assessment, which summarizes the conclusions from steps 1 through 3 of the risk assessment (hazard identification, dose-response, and estimates of exposure) and evaluates the risk; this step also includes a characterization of the degree of scientific confidence that can be placed in the UL Risk management Process by which risk assessment results are integrated with other information to make decisions about the need for, method of, and extent of risk reduction; in addition, risk management considers such issues as the public health significance of the risk, the technical feasibility of achieving various degrees of risk control, and the economic and social costs of this control RNA Ribonucleic acid RNI Recommended Nutrient Intake RNS Reactive nitrogen species ROS Reactive oxygen species SD Standard deviation SE Standard error
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