such as Lockheed Martin and the Boeing Company, which developed their systems integration experience by designing complex weapons or command-and-control systems for the military and by operating their own substantial information and communications systems.

In general, systems integrators support limited R&D, and most of what is funded is development. Neither Andersen Consulting nor EDS—two of the largest systems integration firms—report R&D expenditures in their annual reports (Table 2.6). Andersen does have a small research division that employs about 200 computer scientists and business analysts to identify interesting technologies and build prototype applications for testing with potential customers; however, the division constitutes a small part of the company.²⁹ Its work focuses on areas such as e-commerce, intellectual asset management, and work group productivity.³⁰ Lockheed Martin, a diversified company with approximately $1 billion in R&D