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The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. B Background factors students, 24, 25, 39, 69, 146, 155, 156 see also Socioeconomic status Beginning teachers, see Induction phase Beginning Teacher Support and Assessment Project, 92(n.1) Benchmarks for Science Literacy, 17, 32 Boston Plan for Excellence in the Public Schools, 160-161 C California Beginning Teacher Support and Assessment System, 159 California Commission on Teacher Credentialing, 92(n.1) California Learning Assessment System, 63 California State University, 175 Career-long professional development, 5, 7, 10, 16, 19, 23-24, 28, 37, 67, 75, 88, 108, 109, 114(n.1), 144 Carolina Teacher Performance Assessment System, 50 Center for Teaching Excellence (University of Kansas), 121(n.2) Cerritos College, 175-176 Certification, see Accreditation, institutions; Licensing and certification China, 62-63 Clark University-Worcester Public Schools, 165-166 Clinical schools and training, 7, 19, 22, 75, 161, 162, 166 see also Practicum experiences Cognitively Guided Instruction, 64 Collaborations and partnerships, see Partnerships and collaborations Collaboratives for Excellence in Teacher Preparation, 173 Colleges and universities, xiv, 2, 5, 10, 11-12, 41, 42, 45, 74-75, 109, 111-112, 116-128 accreditation, 32, 35, 88, 106, 117, 185 certification of teachers, 96, 116-117 curriculum development, 78, 95 lower division courses, 95, 120, 121-122 defined, 187-188 partnerships, x, xiv, 8-10, 11, 19, 22, 28, 43, 74, 75, 81, 82-83, 87-108 (passim), 109, 111, 112, 116-117, 118, 119, 123-128, 129, 161, 164-176 beginning teachers, induction assistance, 91, 92(n.1), 96, 107 clinical schools and training, 7, 19, 22, 75, 161, 162, 166 information technology, 98, 103 inservice education, 76, 87, 88, 89, 91, 94, 97, 98-99, 100-103, 107, 126-128, 161 post-graduate programs, 98, 170 preservice education, 88, 92-97 (passim), 107, 164-176 Professional Development Schools (PDS), 5-6, 22, 75-79, 81, 166-167, 169-170 pedagogy, 11-12, 23, 118, 119, 175 professors, selection criteria, 23 professors, tenure and promotion, 105, 106 Project 2061, 66 reform movement, general, 17, 19, 20, 22, 85 research by, 12, 43, 111, 121-122 standards, 17, 35-36, 100-101, 174; see also “accreditation” supra see also Community colleges; Post-graduate programs; Preservice education; Professional development; Teacher educators Colorado, 56 Colorado College, 170 Columbia University, 8(n.3) Community colleges, x, xiv, 93, 94, 124, 173-175, 176 recruitment and retention, 93, 173-174, 176 see also Colleges and universities Computer technology, see Information technology; Internet Conceptual understanding, 68 defined, 186 inquiry-based education, 21
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