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The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. referred to as “zinc oxide pox” (itchy papular-pustular eruptions that occur in the pubic region, inner surface of the thigh, and axilla and inner surface of the arms). Turner (1921, as cited in ATSDR 1994) found that 14 out of 17 men developed zinc oxide pox at least once during their employment in the bagging or packaging of zinc oxide. However, that effect has been attributed to poor hygiene among the workers, and not necessarily exposure to zinc oxide. In a similar study, Batchelor et al. (1926, as cited in ATSDR 1994) found that only 1 out of a total of 24 workers with occupational exposure to zinc dusts developed zinc oxide pox. Agren (1990, as cited in ATSDR 1994) reported that application of patches containing 25% zinc oxide (equivalent to 2.9 mg Zn2+/m3) to the skin of human volunteers did not produce dermal irritation following 48 hr of exposure. The dermal irritancy of several zinc compounds has been investigated in mice, rabbits, and guinea pigs (Lansdown 1991). Animals were treated topically once a d for 5 consecutive days with zinc oxide (20% suspension in Tween 80), zinc chloride (1% aqueous solution), zinc sulfate (1% aqueous solution), zinc pyrithione (20% suspension), or zinc undecylenate (20% suspension). In open patch tests, zinc chloride was a strong irritant in all three species, and caused the formation of epidermal hyperplasia and ulceration. All other compounds produced less severe erythema than zinc chloride. None of the compounds caused ulceration or scaling over the 5-d test period. Zinc chloride produced severe dermal irritation in rabbits within 3–5 d of application in occlusive patch tests, zinc acetate produced moderate irritation, and little dermal irritation was caused by the other zinc compounds. Histological examination of skin samples from animals treated with zinc chloride or zinc acetate showed evidence of acanthosis, parakeratosis, hyperkeratosis, and inflammatory changes in the epidermis. No studies were identified that investigated the ability of zinc oxide to act as a senzitizer. Boric AcidDermatitis has been reported following occupational exposure to borax (Birmingham and Key 1963). Boric acid (5 mL, 10% w/v in water) and borax (10 mL, 5% w/v in water) were found to be moderate and mild irritants, respectively, in guinea pigs. Both were mildly irritating to abraded skin after 24–72 hr in rabbits (Roudabush et al. 1965). No studies were identified that investigated the ability of boric acid to act as a skin sensitizer.
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