Rat, NS, 50

100–125; 100 hr/mo for 14.5 mo

13.9–17.4

Diffuse, interstitial fibrosis; 18% died of pneumonia

LOAEL: 13.9

ND

ND

Gross et al. 1955b

Rabbit, NS, 20

89; 100 hr/mo for 10 mo

12.4

85% died of pneumonia

LOAEL: 12.4

ND

ND

Gross et al. 1955b

Guinea pig, NS, 24

45.4 (average); 2–3 hr/d, 7 d/wk for 6 mo

3.8–5.7

Pneumonitis, liver and spleen effects, decreased white blood cell counts

LOAEL: 3.8

ND

ND

Dernehl 1945

Rat, Wistar, 90/sex

45.5; 7 hr/d, 5 d/wk for 52 wk; 20-wk observation

9.4

Interstitial fibrosis, alveolar-wall cell hypertrophy and hyperplasia, and cuboidal and columnar cell metaplasia of the lungs

LOAEL: 9.4

ND

LOAEL: 5

Groth et al. 1986

Rat, Fischer 344, 55/sex

0.25, 1.08, 4.92, or 23.46; 6 hr/d, 5 d/wk for 13 wk; 27-wk observation

0.04, 0.19, 0.88, 4.19

6% decrease in body weight

Increased lung weight

NOAEL: 0.88 (M)

LOAEL: 4.19 (M)

NOAEL: 0.19

LOAEL: 0.88

0.324 0.585

ND

NOAEL: 0.006 LOAEL: 0.51

ND

Newton et al. 1994

Newton et al. 1994