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Toxicological Risks of Selected Flame-Retardant Chemicals
1987; Pinto 1989; Gudi and Schadly 1996). However, a study by Helleday et al. (1999) identified statistically significant increases in recombination frequency in the Sp5 and SPD8 cell lines.
The limited dermal data available suggest that HBCD is at most a mild skin irritant and a mild allergen, if allergenic at all (Momma et al. 1993; Nakamura et al. 1994). Acute exposure to high dermal doses of HBCD apparently produced systemic toxicity (diarrhea and slight weight loss) in rabbits (Dean and Leong 1977), but the systemic effects of long-term dermal exposure have not been published. The lack of information on systemic effects from subchronic or chronic dermal exposure to HBCD precludes the derivation of an RfD based on dermal toxicity data. However, the oral RfD was used in this risk assessment in place of the dermal RfD as the best estimate of internal dose from dermal exposure (derivation of the oral RfD is presented below).
Inhalation RfC
The subcommittee did not identify any inhalation studies of sufficient duration (i.e., subchronic or chronic) for deriving an RfC. The available data are limited to two acute studies (Dean and Leong 1977; Lewis and Palanker 1978). The subcommittee concluded that there are insufficient inhalation toxicity data on HBCD to derive an inhalation RfC.
Oral RfD
On the basis of its review of the oral toxicity data, the subcommittee determined that the 13-wk rat study by Zeller and Kirsch (1970) is appropriate for deriving an RfD for HBCD (see Systemic Effects section for additional de-
2
In this section, the subcommittee reviewed the data on toxicity of HBCD, including the toxicity assessment prepared by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (Hatlelid 1999).
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