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The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. new crops, 109–110 projected species losses, 11, 31–32 restoration of degraded lands, 326–332 swamps, 110 valuation of plants, 106 Amberjack (Seriola dumerili), 45 American kestrel (Falco sparverius), 280 Amerindians Brazilian Amazonia, 114, 138–143 deforestation effects, 114, 142–143 Gavioes, 142 Kutchin, 279 management of forest resources, 79–80, 114, 138–143 productivity, 142 Ramkokamekra Canela, 142 Yanomami, 138–142 see also specific Indian groups Ammonites, longevity, 7–8 Amphibians, 5, 131, 167, 170, 266; see also specific species Andes mountains agroecological practices, 367 conservation value, 133 deforestation, 120 habitat destruction, 229 uplifts, 124–125 Andropogon spp. (grasses), 186, 314 Angkor rain forest, 9 Angola birds, 252 Giant Sable Integral Nature Reserve, 254 lowland forests, 254–255 Mount Moco, 252 primates, 149–150 Animals, 81, 290, 296, 313, 356–357; see also Birds; Fishes; Insects; Mammals; Primates; Reptiles; Vertebrates; and specific species Antarctica, 39 Antelope, pronghorn (Antilocarpa americana), 71 Ants, 6, 7, 9, 111, 132, 251, 329, 330, 357; see also specific species Aquatic food webs, 40–41 Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx), 265, 286, 290 Argentina, 176; see also South America Armadillos (Dasypus novemcinctus), 81, 297 Arrow root (Maranta arundinacea), 374 Arthropods, pharmacologic interest, 93, 94 Artichoke (Cynara scolymus), 85, 107 Aru, 12 Asia agricultural productivity intensification, 394–395 closed tropical forest status, 393–394 conservation policies, 396–398 deforestation rates, 64–65, 120, 393 development agencies, 398 extinction rates, 64–65 protected forests, 11 solutions to deforestation, 394–396 wildlands of concern, 438–439 see also Southeast Asia; and specific countries Asimov, Isaac, 129 Aspen (Populus spp.), 167 Auk, Great (Penguinus impennis), 45 Australia avian reintroductions, 281 biological invasions, 163, 182 dry tropical regions, 130 grasslands, 176 mapping vegetation, 228 Queensland, 228 Southwest, 269 woody plant diversity, 159 Austria, 75 Aye-aye (Daubentonia madagascariensis), 146, 150, 264 Avocado (Persea americana), 111 Azalea, yellow (Rhododendron molle), 88 Azores, 161 see also Amerindians B Babassú palm (Orbignya spp.), 113 Bacabá (Oenocarpus bacaba), 113 Bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), 201, 222, 264–265, 280–282 Banana poka (Passiflora mollissima), 187 Barberry (Berberis vulgaris), 84 Barley, cross-breeding, 110
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