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I. Opportunities for
Research, Study, and
Teaching in China
To live and work in China; is a prospect that has intrigued Americans
for more than a century, but opportunities to do so were foreclosed for
nearly 30 years. Fortunately, the situation changed dramatically fol-
lowing normalization of relations between the United States and the
People's Republic of China on January 1, 1979. Once again, Americans
are able to study and teach in Chinese academic and research insti-
tutions. A small number of students and scholars are selected each year
through national competitions administered by the Committee on
Scholarly Communication with the People's Republic of China (CSCPRC).
Many students, scholars, and teachers are placed through formal and
informal exchange arrangements between individual institutions in the
United States and China. Others are "recruited" by colleagues in China
or apply to the State Education Commission of China (formerly the
Ministry of Education), the Foreign Experts Bureau of the State Council,
the Embassy of the People's Republic of China, or other organizations
in the United States involved in the placement of students and scholars
or in the recruitment of Americans to teach in China. Those interested
in studying or teaching in China should explore each of these and other
possibilities to ascertain which is most suitable for them. Those who
have already been accepted by a Chinese institution should be aware
that they will be in contact with people who have traveled to China by
many different roads and under many different arrangements.
*The terms China and Chinese, as used in this book, apply only to the People's
Republic of China and residents of the China mainland.
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2 CHINA BOUND
RESEARCH AND STUDY
The Committee on Scholarly Communication with the People's Re-
public of China administers the major nationwide student and scholarly
exchange programs between the United States and China, including
the National Program for Advanced Study and Research in China and
the Visiting Scholar Exchange Program. For more information about
these programs, write to:
Committee on Scholarly Communication with the
People's Republic of China
2101 Constitution Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20418
A limited number of Fulbright awards also are available for study
and research in China. For further information, contact:
International Education Program
U.S. Department of Education
Washington, DC 20202
Many U.S. colleges and universities have formal or informal exchange
agreements with Chinese institutions for short- or long-term programs
(see Appendix A). Many programs are limited to students and faculty
at the signatory school, but questions of eligibility should be directed
to the individual college or university.
In addition to exchange programs conducted under agreements be-
tween U.S. and Chinese institutions, there are a number of summer
and/or semester or year-long Chinese-language programs, as well as
other short-term programs, some with courses taught in English. These
may be sponsored by individual U.S. institutions or by such organi-
zations as:
Council on International Educational Exchange
205 East 42nd Street
New York, NY 10017
Information about these programs should be available in most study-
abroad offices at U.S. academic institutions. Individual Chinese insti-
tutions also offer short-term courses; for information, see Appendix B.
Individuals wishing to study or conduct research in China also may
apply directly to the State Education Commission of China. For pro-
cedures and other pertinent information, see Appendixes B. C, and D.
A copy of "A List of Specialities in Chinese Universities and Colleges
Open to Foreign Students" can be obtained for $2.50 postage and han-
dling charges from:
National Association for Foreign Student Affairs
1860 19th Street, NW
Washington, DC 20009
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OPPORTUNITIES FOR RESEARCH, STUDY, AND TEACHING 3
TEACHING
For the first several years after normalization of relations between the
United States and the People's Republic of China, the Chinese Foreign
Experts Bureau (FEB) was responsible for overall recruitment policy
and day-to-day administration for foreigners going to China to teach
at institutions of higher education. In 1986 the Foreign Experts Bureau,
which now reports directly to the State Council, continues to be re-
sponsible for overall policy concerning foreigners teaching in China,
but recruiting and administration are now carried out by various agen-
cies and institutions depending on whether an individual is consid-
ered a "foreign expert" or a "foreign teacher." Detailed descriptions of
the distinctions in qualifications, salaries, and benefits between foreign
experts and foreign teachers are on pages 18-22. Information about the
recruitment of foreign experts and foreign teachers is briefly described
below.
FOREIGN EXPERTS The Foreign Experts Bureau recruits foreign
experts only for smaller universities not under the authorization of the
State Education Commission. In addition, it recruits English-language
specialists to train young interpreters and write articles for the Xinhua
News Agency, Beijing Review, China Reconstructs, and other English-
language publications produced in China. The Bureau of Foreign Affairs
of the State Education Commission is responsible for recruiting foreign
experts for all other universities and for overseeing the administration
of their stay in China.
The regulations outlined in FEB's 1985 brochure, Information on the
Recruitment of Foreign Experts, apply to all foreign experts traveling to
China. Appendix E is a copy of the FEB brochure, which includes an
application form, for teaching in China. (Also required is a health cer-
tificate, which is the same as the student health certificate in Appendix
B. pp. 166-167.) Applications should be sent to:
Foreign Experts Bureau of the State Council
P.O. Box 300
Beijing, People's Republic of China
FOREIGN TEACHERS Foreign teachers are recruited directly by
Chinese institutions of higher learning, university departments, or local
provincial or municipal departments or bureaus of education. Appli-
cations for such teaching positions should be sent directly to the in-
terested agency.
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4 CHINA BOUND
FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING Each year there are approxi-
mately 700 positions available in the People's Republic of China for
teachers of English, Japanese, German, and French. Of these 700 po-
sitions, 380 to 400 are filled by English teachers 80 percent by content
teachers of English; 20 percent by teachers of English as a second
language (ESL) teaching advanced methodology and pedagogy. Of the
approximately 400 English teachers needed each year, 250 are classified
as foreign experts and 150 as foreign teachers.
The English departments or departments of foreign languages at
Chinese universities, colleges, or other institutions of higher learning
where most Americans are placed offer a four-year course in English
language, literature, and linguistics (including descriptive linguistics,
sociolinguistics, and psycholinguistics). The basic aim of the Chinese
in inviting native speakers of English to teach in China is to bring about
a marked improvement in the English-language proficiency (listening,
speaking, reading, and writing abilities) of Chinese undergraduates,
postgraduates, and university instructors and to train them to teach
the higher grades at tertiary-level institutions.
From past experience, the Chinese have learned that content teachers
of English from senior high schools and universities in English-speaking
countries can teach effectively in Chinese colleges and universities. They
expect such teachers to have had experience in classroom English lin-
guistics and literature or other subject matter, as well as experience in
teaching English as a second language or English for specific purposes
(ESP) at an advanced level. Content teachers of English in China gen-
erally teach literature (fiction, prose, poetry, and drama); major writers
of modern and contemporary literature of English-speaking countries;
writing (general writing skills, postgraduate essay writing, nonfiction
or creative writing); rhetoric; analysis of spoken and written English,
centering mainly on colloquial usage; and ESL or ESP at an advanced
level.
There are specific requirements for both teachers and students in
English-language courses in China. Teachers must-
· in cooperation with Chinese professors and senior lecturers, select
reading materials of various styles in contemporary American, English,
or Canadian literature and other subject matter to increase students'
comprehension and to expose them to a variety of stylistic features so
they can improve their writing styles;
· focus on advanced approaches and methods of teaching ESL;
· provide students with well-balanced information about and vo-
cabulary in as many fields as possible (e.g., U.S. history, literature, and
society);
· give lectures on points of grammar and rhetoric;
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OPPORTUNITIES FOR RESEARCH, STUDY, AND TEACHING 5
· provide background information about different styles of contem-
porary English writing.
Chinese postgraduate students must—
· perform drills, both oral and written, based on their reading and
in combination with other oral and written work;
· use, both in and after class, taped materials (including educational
films) demonstrating different styles of contemporary English writing;
and, in addition to taking both practical and theoretical courses and
completing class assignments, read within a six-month period at least
four or five contemporary English novels selected for excellence of style
and content.
AGENCIES IN THE UNITED STATES INVOLVED IN PLACING
AMERICANS AS FOREIGN EXPERTS AND FOREIGN TEACHERS
IN CHINA The agencies described below recruit both foreign ex-
perts and foreign teachers. When applying for teaching positions, you
should inquire whether the position is that of a foreign expert or foreign
teacher and what the conditions of employment are. Refer to pages 18-
22 for more details.
Personnel at the Education Division of the Embassy of the People's
Republic of China in Washington, D.C., recruit American educators and
professionals to work in China. Specifically, they are interested in lec-
turers and professors to teach English, science and technology, finance,
banking, business management, and law in Chinese institutions of higher
education. They also recruit individuals for editing, translating, and
publishing positions in the press, radio, and publishing houses. Per-
sonnel selected to teach in China are expected to perform the following
assignments:
· upgrade the professional skills of Chinese foreign language teach-
ers;
· teach both undergraduate and graduate students;
· counsel and guide Chinese teachers;
· offer advice on extracurricular language training activities and
supervise graduate students in writing academic papers;
· compile and edit teaching and reference materials; and
· give lectures about the United States on such topics as culture,
history, or other subjects as required.
Applicants must hold a master's or higher degree, demonstrate rel-
atively high attainment in their own field, and have some teaching or
work experience, preferably at least three years.
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6 CHINA BOUND
Persons who wish to apply for a teaching position in China should
send an application and health certificate (see Appendix E), a detailed
resume, and two letters of recommendation to:
Education Division
Embassy of the People's Republic of China
2300 Connecticut Avenue, NW
Washington, DC 20008
In addition to the Chinese Embassy, there are a number of other
organizations and institutions in the United States that recruit indi-
viduals to teach in China. For example, a limited number of Fulbright
awards are available for teaching in China. For further information,
write to:
Council for International Exchange of Scholars
11 Dupont Circle, NW, Suite 300
Washington, DC 20036
In September 1980 the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA)
opened three training centers in China: one at Zhongshan University
in Guangzhou under the sponsorship of the Ministry of Education (now
the State Education Commission) and two in Beijing one under the
sponsorship of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and one for the Foreign
Trade Institute (now the Institute of International Economics arid Man-
agement). UCLA currently is recruiting individuals with teaching/re-
search interests to work at these centers for periods of one year. Of
particular interest to the recruiters are persons qualified to teach Eng-
lish for specific purposes; in addition, they prefer individuals who are
currently in academic programs and who would use their experience
in China to fulfill requirements for an academic degree (Americans
going to one of the UCLA centers teach part time at the centers and
have time to do pedagogical research in the classroom). If you are
interested in this program, contact:
Russell Campbell
Coordinator, UCLA/PRC TESL Programs
1201 Campbell Hall
University of California at Los Angeles
Los Angeles, CA 90024
Americans who wish to teach in China should also contact the ap-
propriate office at their institution to see whether a formal or informal
agreement exists between their institution and one in China that in-
cludes the exchange of faculty. If individuals have personal friends at
specific Chinese institutions or have met Chinese scholars visiting the
United States, they can also write directly to those individuals/insti-
tutions requesting information about teaching opportunities.
Representative terms from entire chapter:
foreign teachers
