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PERSONNEL NEEDS AND TRAINING FOR BIOMEDICAL AND BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH THE 1975 REPORT of the COMMITTEE ON A STUDY OF NATIONAL NEEDS _ FOR BIOMEDICAL AND BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH PERSONNEL . COMMISSION ON HUMAN RESOURCES NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL National Academy of Sciences Washington, D. C. June 11, 1975 Third Printing - September 1975
NOTICE: The project which is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, acting in be- half of the National Academy of Sciences. Such approval reflects the Board's judgment that the project is of national importance and appro- priate with respect to both the purposes and resources of the National Research Council. The members of the committee selected to undertake this project and prepare this report were chosen for recognized scholarly competence and with due consideration for the balance of disciplines appropriate to the project. Responsibility for the detailed aspects of this report rests with that committee. Each report issuing from a study committee of the National Research Council is reviewed by an independent group of qualified individuals according to procedures established and monitored by the Report Review Committee of the National Academy of Sciences. Distribution of the report is approved, by the President of the Academy, upon satisfactory completion of the review process. The work on which this publication is based was performed pursuant to Contract No. NO1-OD-5-2109 with the National Institutes of Health of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare. Available from Commission on Human Resources National Research Council 2101 Constitution Avenue, N. W. Washington, D. C. 20418 Printed in the United States of America
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT 2101 CONSTITUTION AVENUE WASHINGTON, C). C. 204143 June 16' 1975 The Honorable Caspar W. Weinberger Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare Washington, D. C. 20201 My dear Mr. Secretary: I am pleased to present to the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare the 1975 report of the Committee on a Study of National Needs for Biomedical and Behavioral Re- search Persor.nei. This continuing study has been undertaken by the National Research Council pursuant to Title I of the National Research Act of 1974 (PL 93-348~. It responds to your request of September 16, 1974 that the National Academy of Sciences make such a study and follows my letter of March 6, 1975 indicating that the Academy would accept this task. The work has been supported under Contract NO1 OD 5 2109 with the National Institutes of Health. The Act states (Section 473 (a) ~ that the purposes of the study are to: "~1) establish {A) the Nation's overall need for biomedical and behavioral research personnel, (B) the subject areas in which such personnel are needed and the number of such personnel needed in each such area, and (C) the kinds and extent of training which should be provided such personnel; (2) assess (A) current training programs available for the train- ing of biomedical and behavioral research personnel which are conducted under this Act at or through institutes under the Na- tional Institutes of Health and the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, and (~) other current training programs available for the training of such personnel; (3) identify the kinds of research positions available to and held by individuals completing such programs; (4) determine, to the extent feasible, whether the programs referred to in clause (b) of paragraph (2) would be adequate to meet the needs established
me Honorable Caspar W. Weinberger June 16, 1975 Page Two under paragraph (1) if the programs referred to in clause (A) of paragraph (2) were terminated; and 5) determine what modi- fications in the programs referred to in paragraph (2) are re- quired to meet the needs established under paragraph (13." The present document, submitted in order to meet the re- quirement for a report in FY 1975, was prepared little more than three months after commencement of the study, hence, it cannot respond fully to the broad and difficult requirements set by the Act. But a beginning has been made. I trust that our re- ports in 1976 and thereafter will deal in a more detailed and meaningful way with the significant problem you have brought to us. We shall be glad to discuss this report for 1975 with you and your staff. Sincerely yours, it Philip Handler President
P R E F A C E This is the first of the annual reports in the continuing study re- quired under provisions of the National Research Service Award Act of 1974. In approaching this initial task, the Committee on a Study of National Needs for Biomedical and Behavioral Research Personnel examined Me ~ ~ _ _ ~ ~ _ _ ~ ~ ~ A_ _ ~ _ ~ orl~lcally a Large and Diverse Body ot available data The n; ~11~ "m"~- ~ .. . . cloy ~~-~ snag scrutiny Ala nor permit a clear distinction between trans'- tory developments and long-range trends even though there is ample reason to believe that we are in a period of transition. Limitations in the data base were anticipated in the preceding feasibility study and in the event proved all too true. It is not surprising, therefore, that the present report deals with a limited analysis of the with projections. current situation rather than The report has been prepared under the most formidable time con- straints. Approximately 90 days elapsed from the authorization to pro- ceed with the study to the Committee's final review of the report. There has been a grossly inadequate opportunity to weigh broad policy questions that have been the subject of continuing debate. Nor has it been possible to deal at length with all the administrative, resource, and organizational issues that fall within the purview of the continuing study. Consequently, this report should be regarded as a preliminary response to the Congressio- nal request contained in the Act. With enhancement of the data base and refinement of methodology, which can-be expected in the coming year . future annual reports can be looked to for realization of the full potential of the continuing study. _ _ _~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Completion of the report for 1975 would not have been possible with- out help from many quarters. The Committee is indebted to its Panels for advice on data analysis, disciplinary classification, and the status of science in the various fields. Vincent Price of the National Institutes of Health, David Kefauver of the Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, and Daniel Fox of the Health Resources Administration provided data and helpful interpretation of administrative procedures in the training programs. Robert A. Alberty, Chairman of the Commission on Human Resources, and William C. Kelly, its Executive Director, were a source of constant support through their understanding of the complexities of scientific manpower studies. Robert Lindee of The Henry J. Kaiser Family v
Foundation provided valuable advice and assistance. Several consultants Richard B. Freeman of Harvard University, Samuel S. Herman of Temple University, Robert G. Snyder, full-time consultant to this project, and Robert K. Weatherall of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology - con- ducted studies at the Committee's request and provided much helpful assis- tance. Finally, it is a pleasure to acknowledge the competence and in- dustry of the entire staff especially Prudence Brown, Porter Coggeshall, Lindsey Harmon, Kay Harris, and Allen Singer, who served as Acting Staff Director in responding to the demands of this first phase of the continu- ing study. June 11, 1975 vi Robert J. Glaser, M.D. Chairman
COMMITTEE ON A STUDY OF NATIONAL NEEDS FOR BIOMEDICAL AND BEHAVIORAL RESEARCH PERSONNEL Chairman: Robert J. GLASER, M.D. President The Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation Vice Chairman: Henry W. RIECKEN, Ph.D. Professor of Behavioral Sciences University of Pennsylvania John J. BURNS, Ph.D. Vice President of Research Hoffmann-La Roche, Inc Nutley, New Jersey Allen M. CARTTER, Ph.D. Professor of Higher Education Director, Laboratory of Research in Higher Education University of California, Los Angeles Julius H. COMROE, Jr., M.D. Professor of Physiology University of California, San Francisco John E. JACOBS, Ph.D. Walter P. Murphy Professor of Electrical Engineering and Engineering Sciences Director, Biomedical Engineering Center Northwestern University David MECHANIC, Ph.D. Professor of Sociology University of Wisconsin Lincoln E. MOSES, Ph.D. Dean of Graduate Studies Stanford University Carl PFAFFMANN, Ph.D. Vice President Rockefeller University Mitchell W. SPEL~MAN, M.D. Executive Dean Charles R. Drew Postgraduate Medical School Los Angeles, California P. Roy VAGELOS, M.D. Professor and Chairman, Depart- ment of Biological Chemistry Director, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences Washington University James B. WYNGAARDEN, M.D. Chairman, Department of Medicine Duke University Medical Center · ~ V11
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AAMC Association of American Medical Colleges Academy National Academy of Sciences Act National Research Service Award Act ADAMHA Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration CDC Center for Disease Control CR Comprehensive Roster of Doctoral Scientists and Engineers DOL Department of Labor DRF Doctorate Records File FDA Food and Drug Administration FY Fiscal Year GNP Gross National Product HEW Department of Health, Education and Welfare HRA Health Resources Administration HSA Health Services Administration HSMHA Health Services and Mental Health Administration ISI Institute for Scientific Information NCHS National Center for Health Statistics NCHSR National Center for Health Services Research NCI National Cancer Institute NEI - National Eye Institute NHLI National Heart and Lung Institute NIA National Institute of Aging NIAID National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases NIAMDD National Institute of Arthritis, Metabolism, and Digestive Diseases - NICHD National Institute of Child Health and Human Development NIDR National Institute of Dental Research NIEHS National Institute of Environmental Health Science NIGMS National Institute of General Medical Sciences NIH National Institutes of Health NIMH National Institute of Mental Health NINCDS National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke NRC National Research Council NSF - National Science Foundation OE Office of Education PHS Act Public Health Service Act PL 93-348 Public Law 93-348 R and D Research and Development Academies-Institute-Council - National Academy of Sciences/National Academy of Engineering-Institute of Medicine-National Research Council · · ~ vie I] l
