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REFERENCES AND INTERVIEWS . References 1/President's Biomedical Research Panel, Report to the President and to Congress (DHEW Pub. No. (0S)76-500, Washington, D.C., April 30, 1976, pp. 25-27. _/Staff Paper, Policy Issues in the Health Sciences, by Sarah Spaght Brown, Director, Division of Health Sciences Policy, in consultation with the Health Sciences Policy Advisory Committee, Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., October 1977, p. 25. 3/U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, HEW Health Research Planning, Health Research Activities of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfar ~ Steering Committee For the Development of a Health Research Strategy, December 1979, pp. 4-5 and 86-92; and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Research Activities of the Department of Health and Human Services--Program Planning and Proposed Initiatives For Fiscal Year 1981, a report of the HHS Steering Committee for the Development of a Health Research Strategy, December 1980, pp. 101-109. 4~ Report of the HEW Steering Committee for the Development of a Health Research Strategy, December 1979, op. cit., p. 1. 5/Ibid, p. 5. 6/Ibid, p. 4. 7/Ibid, p. 4. _/Ibid, p. 4. 9/Ibid, p. 10/Ibid, p. _/Ibid, p. 88. 88. 89. 12/Ibid, pp. 89-90. 13/Ibid, pp. 90-91. 14/Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences, A Review--DHEW Health Research Planning. Phase II, May 1980, p. 5. 15/Ibid, p. 5. 16/Ibid, p. 5. 17/Report of the HHS Steering Committee for the Development of a Health Research Strategy, December 1980, op. cit., p. x. 32
18/Ibid, p. 103. 19/Ibid, p. 103. 20/Ibid, pp. 105-107. 21/Fredrickson, Donald S., "Biomedical Research in the 1980s", me New E~land Journal of Medicine, Feb. 26, 1981, pp. 509-17. 22/Ibid, pp. 512-13. 23/Ibid, pp. 514-15. 24/Ibid, p. 515. 25/HR Rep: No. 911, 98th Congress, 2d. sees., 29-30 (1984~. 26/Sen. Rep.: No. 1042, 98th Congress, 2d. sees., 50 (1984~. 27/U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, press release on "The Fiscal Year 1986 Budget", released February 4, 1985, p. 22. 28/Culliton, Barbara J., "OMB Raid on NIH Budget Called Outrageous", Science, 1 March 1985, p. 1016. 29/SJ. Res #89, 99th Congress, 1st session, Joint Resolution Directing That the National Institutes of Health Receive Full Funding; In F.Y. 1985 For New and Competing Research Grants. 30/Hearing on the National Institutes of Health before the House Appropriations Sub-Committee on Labor, Health and Oman Services, and Education, March 7, 1985, attended by the author. 31/line Washington Post, March 6, 1985, "RHS Is Skirting The Law, Weicker Says, By Curbing NIH Research Grants", article by Spencer Rich. 32/National Health Council, Washington, D.C., Feedback on Breakfast Briefing with Donald W. Moran, Executive Associate Director for Budget and Legislation, Office of Management and Budget (OMB), by Sherry R. Arnstein, Feb. 15, 1986. _/Hearing before the House Committee on Appropriations, March 73 1985, as reported by NIH. 34/Letter from the Comptroller General of the United States to the Honorable Lowell Weicker, Jr., Chairman, Sub-Co~runittee on Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, Committee on Appropriations, U.S. Senate, March 18, 1985. 35/Supplemental Appropriation Act of 1985, Statement of the President signing H.R. 2577 into law, August 16, 1985, Paper on the Administration of Ronald Reagan, 1985, p. 987. 36/Minutes of the fiftieth meeting of the Advisory Committee to the Director, NIH, p. 1. 37/Ibid, p. 23. 33
38/Ibid, p. 33. 39/Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences, Personnel Needs and Training For Biomedical and Behavioral Research, The 1985 report of the Committee on National Needs for Biomedical and Behavioral Research Personnel, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. 1985 (in process of publication), Appendix Table B5, "Ph.D.s Employed in the Biomedical Sciences, 1960-83". Interviews Michele W. Applegate, Associate Administrator For Extramural Programs, ADAMHA~ George A. Bowden, Division of Program Analysis, Office of Program Planning and Evaluation, NIH Joseph A. Brackett, Chief, Reports, Analysis and Presentations Section, Statistics and Analysis Branch, Division of Research Grants, NIH John F. Cogan, Associate Director for Human Resources, Veterans, and Labor, Office of Management and Budget, Executive Office of the President Donald S. Fredrickson, President, Howard Hughes Medical Instituted George J. Galasso, Associate Director For Extramural Affairs, NIH William H. Goldwater, Extramural Program Management Officer, Office of Extramural Research and Training, NIH John C. James, Assistant Director For Special Projects, Division of Research Grants, NIH Joseph R. Leone, Associate Administrator of Management, ADAMHA Edward J. Lynch, Acting Director, Program Planning Branch, Division of Program Analysis, Office of Program Planning and Evaluation, NIH Norman D. Mansfield, Director, Division of Financial Management, Office of Administration, NIH Richard Miller, Assistant Director for Budget, Division of Financial Management, Office of Administration, NIH Henry A. Neil, Jr., Principal Staff Assistant, Sub-Committee on Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, Committee on Appropriations, U.S. House of Representatives William F. Raub, Deputy Director For Extramural Research and Training, NIH* S. Stephen Schiaffino, Director, Division of Research Grants, NIH *Included comments on a draft of this paper. #Commented on a draft of this paper. 34
