funding, delivering, and evaluating these programs to pay attention to the themes sounded by presenters at this workshop.

Presenters discussed how the policy environment in which children and adolescents live affects the demand for and design of after-school programs. They emphasized the importance of after-school programs intentionally designing activities to address the age-based stages of child and adolescent development. Presenters offered examples of the diversity of after-school programs, in the ways in which they are administered, designed, structured, and staffed. They suggested that there is a set of essential ingredients that appear to characterize high-quality after-school programs but emphasized that all programs cannot be all things to all children and that programs must respond to the diversity of children and adolescents in their communities. Workshop presenters applauded efforts to coordinate leadership among researchers, policy makers, and school and community-based practitioners around after-school programming and suggested that continued opportunities such as this workshop would further enhance the success of this field. Finally, workshop presenters called attention to the value of research and evaluation to the continued development and enhancement of high-quality after-school programs for children and adolescents.