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DRI DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES: Applications in Dietary Assessment
Contents
SUMMARY
1
I
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE AND BACKGROUND
19
1 Introduction and Background
21
Purpose of the Report,
21
What are DRIs?,
22
Organization of the Report,
28
2 Current Uses of Dietary Reference Standards
29
Changes Over Time,
29
Uses of the Former RDAs and RNIs,
31
Looking Ahead: Applying the DRIs,
42
II
APPLICATION OF DRIs FOR INDIVIDUAL DIET ASSESSMENT
43
3 Using Dietary Reference Intakes for Nutrient Assessment of Individuals
45
Introduction,
46
Proposed New Method for Individual Assessment,
46
Applications,
66
Summary,
69
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DRI DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES: Applications in Dietary Assessment
III
APPLICATION OF DRIs FOR GROUP DIET ASSESSMENT
71
4 Using the Estimated Average Requirement for Nutrient Assessment of Groups
73
Introduction,
73
The Probability Approach,
76
The EAR Cut-Point Method,
81
Adjusting Intake Distributions,
93
Inappropriate Approaches for Group-Level Assessment Using the RDA,
102
Units of Observation Other Than the Individual,
104
Summary,
104
5 Using the Adequate Intake for Nutrient Assessment of Groups
106
Derivations of the AI,
106
Comparison of the AI, RDA, and EAR,
109
Limitations of the AI in Dietary Assessment,
109
Summary,
112
6 Using the Tolerable Upper Intake Level for Nutrient Assessment of Groups
113
Theory and Definitions,
113
Evaluating the Risk of Adverse Effects Using the UL,
120
Some Frequently Asked Questions,
125
7 Specific Applications: Assessing Nutrient Intakes of Groups Using the Dietary Reference Intakes
127
Introduction,
127
Application 1: Describing Dietary Survey Data,
128
Application 2: Assessing the Prevalence of Inadequate or Excessive Intake,
129
Application 3: Evaluating Differences in Intake,
132
Summary,
141
IV
FINE-TUNING DIETARY ASSESSMENT USING THE DRIs
145
8 Minimizing Potential Errors in Assessing Group and Individual Intakes
147
Tailoring Requirements for Specific Groups and Individuals,
147
Minimizing Errors in Measuring Dietary Intakes,
150
Issues of Variance in Dietary Assessment,
158
Summary,
161
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DRI DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES: Applications in Dietary Assessment
9 Research Recommended to Improve the Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes
162
Research to Improve Estimates of Nutrient Requirements,
162
Research to Improve the Quality of Dietary Intake Data,
163
Research to Improve Statistical Methods for Using the DRIs to Assess Intakes of Individuals,
165
Research to Improve Statistical Methods for Using the DRIs to Assess Intakes of Groups,
165
10 References
168
APPENDIXES
A
Origin and Framework of the Development of Dietary Reference Intakes,
179
B
Nutrient Assessment of Individuals: Statistical Foundations,
185
C
Assessing Prevalence of Inadequate Intakes for Groups: Statistical Foundations,
203
D
Assessing the Performance of the EAR Cut-Point Method for Estimating Prevalence,
211
E
Units of Observation: Assessing Nutrient Adequacy Using Household and Population Data,
232
F
Rationale for Setting Adequate Intakes,
239
G
Glossary and Abbreviations,
254
H
Biographical Sketches of Subcommittee Members,
262
INDEX
267
SUMMARY TABLES: Dietary Reference Intakes
Estimated Average Requirements,
282
Tolerable Upper Intake Levels,
284
Recommended Intakes for Individuals,
287
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DRI DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES: Applications in Dietary Assessment
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