National Academies Press: OpenBook
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Microbial Status and Genetic Evaluation of Mice and Rats: Proceedings of the 1999 US/Japan Conference. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9987.
×

Microbial Status and Genetic Evaluation of Mice and Rats

PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1999 US/JAPAN CONFERENCE

International Committee of the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research

National Research Council

NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
Washington, D.C

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Microbial Status and Genetic Evaluation of Mice and Rats: Proceedings of the 1999 US/Japan Conference. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9987.
×

NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
2101 Constitution Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20218

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.

This study was supported by Grant No. N0-0D-4-2139 between the National Academies and the National Institutes of Health of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.

International Standard Book Number 0-309-07195-X

Additional copies of this book are available from the

National Academy Press
, 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W., Box 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area); http://www.nap.edu.

Copyright 2000 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Microbial Status and Genetic Evaluation of Mice and Rats: Proceedings of the 1999 US/Japan Conference. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9987.
×

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES

National Academy of Sciences

National Academy of Engineering

Institute of Medicine

National Research Council

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. William Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering.

The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine.

The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce Alberts and Dr. William Wulf are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Microbial Status and Genetic Evaluation of Mice and Rats: Proceedings of the 1999 US/Japan Conference. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9987.
×
This page in the original is blank.
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Microbial Status and Genetic Evaluation of Mice and Rats: Proceedings of the 1999 US/Japan Conference. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9987.
×

INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE OF THE INSTITUTE FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL RESEARCH COUNCIL

JOHN VANDENBERGH (Chair),

Department of Zoology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC

HILTON J. KLEIN,

Department of Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA

WILLIAM MORTON,

Regional Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA

ROBERT J. RUSSELL,

Harlan Sprague Dawley, Inc., Indianapolis, IN

WILLIAM S. STOKES,

Environmental Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC

PETER A. WARD,

Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI

Staff

RALPH B. DELL, Director

KATHLEEN A. BEIL, Administrative Assistant

SUSAN S. VAUPEL, Managing Editor,

ILAR Journal

MARSHA K. WILLIAMS, Project Assistant

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Microbial Status and Genetic Evaluation of Mice and Rats: Proceedings of the 1999 US/Japan Conference. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9987.
×

INSTITUTE FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL RESEARCH COUNCIL

PETER A. WARD (Chair),

Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI

BENNETT DYKE,

Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, TX

ROSEMARY W. ELLIOTT,

Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY

GERALD F. GEBHART,

Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA

GAIL E. HERMAN,

Wexner Research Facility, Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH

HILTON J. KLEIN,

Department of Laboratory Animal Resources, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA

MARGARET LANDI,

Department of Laboratory Animal Science, SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, King of Prussia, PA

WILLIAM MORTON,

Regional Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA

RANDALL J. NELSON,

Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN

ROBERT J. RUSSELL,

Harlan Sprague Dawley, Inc., Indianapolis, IN

WILLIAM S. STOKES,

Environmental Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC

MICHAEL K. STOSKOPF,

Department of Companion Animal and Special Species Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC

JOHN G. VANDENBERGH,

Department of Zoology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC

THOMAS WOLFLE,

Annapolis, MD

JOANNE ZURLO,

Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, MD

Staff

RALPH B. DELL, Director

KATHLEEN A. BEIL, Administrative Assistant

SUSAN S. VAUPEL, Managing Editor, ILAR Journal

MARSHA K. WILLIAMS, Project Assistant

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Microbial Status and Genetic Evaluation of Mice and Rats: Proceedings of the 1999 US/Japan Conference. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9987.
×

COMMISSION ON LIFE SCIENCES

MICHAEL T. CLEGG (Chair),

College of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA

PAUL BERG (Vice Chair),

Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA

FREDERICK R. ANDERSON,

Cadwalader, Wickersham & Taft, Washington, DC

JOANNA BURGER,

Division of Life Sciences, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ

JAMES E. CLEAVER,

University of California Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA

DAVID EISENBERG,

University of California, Los Angeles, CA

JOHN L. EMMERSON,

Eli Lilly and Co. (ret.), Indianapolis, IN

NEAL L. FIRST,

Department of Animal Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI

DAVID J. GALAS,

Chiroscience R&D, Inc., Bothell, WA

DAVID V. GOEDDEL,

Tularik, Inc., South San Francisco, CA

ARTURO GOMEZ-POMPA,

Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA

COREY S. GOODMAN,

Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA

JON W. GORDON,

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY

DAVID G. HOEL,

Department of Biometry and Epidemiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC

BARBARA S. HULKA,

Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC

CYNTHIA J. KENYON,

Department of Biochemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA

BRUCE R. LEVIN,

Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA

DAVID M. LIVINGSTON,

Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA

DONALD R. MATTISON,

March of Dimes, White Plains, NY

ELLIOT M. MEYEROWITZ,

Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA

ROBERT T. PAINE,

Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA

RONALD R. SEDEROFF,

Department of Forestry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC

ROBERT R. SOKAL,

Department of Ecology and Evolution, State University of New York at Stony Brook, NY

CHARLES F. STEVENS, MD,

The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA

Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Microbial Status and Genetic Evaluation of Mice and Rats: Proceedings of the 1999 US/Japan Conference. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9987.
×

SHIRLEY M. TILGHMAN,

Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ

RAYMOND L. WHITE,

Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT

Staff

WARREN MUIR, Executive Director

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Microbial Status and Genetic Evaluation of Mice and Rats: Proceedings of the 1999 US/Japan Conference. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9987.
×

Preface

US/Japan meetings on laboratory animal science have been held virtually every year since 1980 under the US/Japan Cooperative Program on Science and Technology. Over the years these meetings have resulted in a number of important documents including the Manual of Microbiologic Monitoring of Laboratory Animals published in 1994 and the article Establishment and Preservation of Reference Inbred Strains of Rats for General Purposes. In addition to these publications, the meetings have been instrumental in increasing awareness of the need for microbiologic monitoring of laboratory rodents and the need for genetic definition and monitoring of mice and rats.

In cooperation with the Comparative Medicine section of NCRR/NIH, the ILAR Council and staff are pleased to become the host for this important annual meeting and look forward to participating in future meetings. The support and sponsorship of NCRR (P40 RR 11611) in the United States and the Central Institute for Experimental Animals in Japan are gratefully acknowledged. Bringing together the leading scientists in the field of laboratory animal care has resulted in increased understanding of American and Japanese approaches to laboratory animal science and should continue to strengthen efforts to harmonize approaches aimed at resolving common challenges in the use of animal models for biomedical research and testing. This effort to improve understanding and cooperation between Japan and the United States should also be useful in developing similar interaction with other regions of the world including Europe, Australia, and Southeast Asia.

John Vandenbergh, Chair

International Committee of the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Microbial Status and Genetic Evaluation of Mice and Rats: Proceedings of the 1999 US/Japan Conference. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9987.
×
This page in the original is blank.
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Microbial Status and Genetic Evaluation of Mice and Rats: Proceedings of the 1999 US/Japan Conference. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9987.
×
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Microbial Status and Genetic Evaluation of Mice and Rats: Proceedings of the 1999 US/Japan Conference. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9987.
×
Page xiii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Microbial Status and Genetic Evaluation of Mice and Rats: Proceedings of the 1999 US/Japan Conference. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9987.
×

 

 

Genetic Evaluation of Outbred Rats
Joseph J. DeGeorge

 

47

   

 Regulatory Perspective and Information,

 

47

   

 New Technology,

 

48

   

 Genetically Engineered Mice,

 

49

   

 Summary,

 

49

   

 Question and Answer,

 

50

 

 

Genetic Evaluation of Outbred Rats from the Breeder's Perspective
William J. White

 

51

   

 Population Management,

 

51

   

 Supply and Demand,

 

52

   

 Variables Affecting Comparisons of Subpopulations by Genetic Monitoring,

 

54

   

 Causes and Amelioration of Genetic Divergence,

 

54

   

 Development of a Foundation Colony-Based Outbred Production System,

 

56

   

 Conclusion,

 

62

   

 Questions and Answers,

 

63

 

 

Concept for Establishment of Rat Outbred Global Standard Strains
Tatsuji Nomura

 

65

   

 Introduction,

 

65

   

 History of Genetic Quality Control,

 

66

   

 Quality Standards,

 

66

   

 Concept of Global Standards for Outbred Rats,

 

66

   

 Selection of a Global Standard Outbred Rat Strain,

 

71

   

 Summary,

 

71

 

 

Necessity of Genetic and Microbiologic Quality Network from the Pharmaceutical Industry's Perspective
Naoko Kagiyama

 

77

   

 Background,

 

77

   

 Issues Related to the Quality of Outbred Mice and Rats,

 

77

   

 Conclusion,

 

83

 

 

International Harmonization of Laboratory Animals
Hideki Katoh

 

85

   

 Strains and Colonies Used in Animal Experimentation,

 

85

   

 Safety Studies and Laboratory Animals,

 

86

   

 International Harmonization of Laboratory Animals,

 

87

   

 Conclusion,

 

95

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Microbial Status and Genetic Evaluation of Mice and Rats: Proceedings of the 1999 US/Japan Conference. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9987.
×
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Microbial Status and Genetic Evaluation of Mice and Rats: Proceedings of the 1999 US/Japan Conference. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9987.
×
This page in the original is blank.
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Microbial Status and Genetic Evaluation of Mice and Rats: Proceedings of the 1999 US/Japan Conference. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9987.
×
Page R1
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Microbial Status and Genetic Evaluation of Mice and Rats: Proceedings of the 1999 US/Japan Conference. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9987.
×
Page R2
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Microbial Status and Genetic Evaluation of Mice and Rats: Proceedings of the 1999 US/Japan Conference. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9987.
×
Page R3
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Microbial Status and Genetic Evaluation of Mice and Rats: Proceedings of the 1999 US/Japan Conference. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9987.
×
Page R4
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Microbial Status and Genetic Evaluation of Mice and Rats: Proceedings of the 1999 US/Japan Conference. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9987.
×
Page R5
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Microbial Status and Genetic Evaluation of Mice and Rats: Proceedings of the 1999 US/Japan Conference. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9987.
×
Page R6
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Microbial Status and Genetic Evaluation of Mice and Rats: Proceedings of the 1999 US/Japan Conference. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9987.
×
Page R7
Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Microbial Status and Genetic Evaluation of Mice and Rats: Proceedings of the 1999 US/Japan Conference. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9987.
×
Page R8
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Microbial Status and Genetic Evaluation of Mice and Rats: Proceedings of the 1999 US/Japan Conference. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9987.
×
Page R9
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Microbial Status and Genetic Evaluation of Mice and Rats: Proceedings of the 1999 US/Japan Conference. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9987.
×
Page R10
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Microbial Status and Genetic Evaluation of Mice and Rats: Proceedings of the 1999 US/Japan Conference. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9987.
×
Page R11
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Microbial Status and Genetic Evaluation of Mice and Rats: Proceedings of the 1999 US/Japan Conference. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9987.
×
Page R12
Page xiii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Microbial Status and Genetic Evaluation of Mice and Rats: Proceedings of the 1999 US/Japan Conference. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9987.
×
Page R13
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Microbial Status and Genetic Evaluation of Mice and Rats: Proceedings of the 1999 US/Japan Conference. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9987.
×
Page R14
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Microbial Status and Genetic Evaluation of Mice and Rats: Proceedings of the 1999 US/Japan Conference. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9987.
×
Page R15
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 2000. Microbial Status and Genetic Evaluation of Mice and Rats: Proceedings of the 1999 US/Japan Conference. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/9987.
×
Page R16
Next: Opening Remarks, Judith Vaitukaitis »
Microbial Status and Genetic Evaluation of Mice and Rats: Proceedings of the 1999 US/Japan Conference Get This Book
×
Buy Paperback | $50.00 Buy Ebook | $39.99
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
Download Free PDF

US/Japan meetings on laboratory animal science have been held virtually every year since 1980 under the US/Japan Cooperative Program on Science and Technology. Over the years these meetings have resulted in a number of important documents including the Manual of Microbiologic Monitoring of Laboratory Animals published in 1994 and the article Establishment and Preservation of Reference Inbred Strains of Rats for General Purposes. In addition to these publications, the meetings have been instrumental in increasing awareness of the need for microbiologic monitoring of laboratory rodents and the need for genetic definition and monitoring of mice and rats.

In cooperation with the Comparative Medicine section of NCRR/NIH, the ILAR Council and staff are pleased to become the host for this important annual meeting and look forward to participating in future meetings. The support and sponsorship of NCRR (P40 RR 11611) in the United States and the Central Institute for Experimental Animals in Japan are gratefully acknowledged. Bringing together the leading scientists in the field of laboratory animal care has resulted in increased understanding of American and Japanese approaches to laboratory animal science and should continue to strengthen efforts to harmonize approaches aimed at resolving common challenges in the use of animal models for biomedical research and testing. This effort to improve understanding and cooperation between Japan and the United States should also be useful in developing similar interaction with other regions of the world including Europe, Australia, and Southeast Asia.

  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    Switch between the Original Pages, where you can read the report as it appeared in print, and Text Pages for the web version, where you can highlight and search the text.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  9. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!