Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.
Intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text on the opening pages of each chapter.
Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.
Do not use for reproduction, copying, pasting, or reading; exclusively for search engines.
OCR for page R1
OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS OF MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY: PROCEEDINGS OF THE OCTOBER 5-6, 1999, WORKSHOP
OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS OF MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY
PROCEEDINGS OF THE OCTOBER 5-6, 1999, WORKSHOP
Board on Biology
Oceans Studies Board
National Research Council
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
Washington, D.C.
OCR for page R2
OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS OF MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY: PROCEEDINGS OF THE OCTOBER 5-6, 1999, WORKSHOP
NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W.Washington, D.C. 20418
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
These proceedings were supported by the Electric Power Research Institute through contract number RP8011-21; the Department of Energy through grant number DE-FG02-93ER61703; the National Science Foundation through grant number IBN-9211798; the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce through grant number NA36RG0536; and the Presidents' Committee, National Research Council.
Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.
International Standard Book Number: 0-309-07188-7
Printed in the United States of America
Copyright 2000 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
OCR for page R3
OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS OF MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY: PROCEEDINGS OF THE OCTOBER 5-6, 1999, WORKSHOP
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
National Academy of Sciences
National Academy of Engineering
Institute of Medicine
National Research Council
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the a2uthority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. William A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. William A. Wulf are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.
OCR for page R4
OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS OF MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY: PROCEEDINGS OF THE OCTOBER 5-6, 1999, WORKSHOP
This page in the original is blank.
OCR for page R5
OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS OF MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY: PROCEEDINGS OF THE OCTOBER 5-6, 1999, WORKSHOP
STEERING COMMITTEE ON OPPORTUNITIES FOR ADVANCEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY
David Manyak, CEO and President,
Oceanix Biosciences, Hanover, MD
Judith McDowell,
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA
Roger C. Prince,
Corporate Strategic Research Laboratory, Exxon/Mobil Research and Engineering Co., Annandale, NJ
Raymond A. Zilinskas,
Monterey Institute of International Studies, Monterey, CA
Staff
Ralph B. Dell, Director,
Board on Biology
Susan Roberts, Program Officer,
Ocean Studies Board
Kathleen A. Beil, Administrative Assistant,
Board on Biology
Susan Vaupel, Editor,
Board on Biology
Marsha Williams, Project Assistant,
Board on Biology
OCR for page R6
OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS OF MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY: PROCEEDINGS OF THE OCTOBER 5-6, 1999, WORKSHOP
This page in the original is blank.
OCR for page R7
OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS OF MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY: PROCEEDINGS OF THE OCTOBER 5-6, 1999, WORKSHOP
Preface
These proceedings summarize a workshop held October 5-6, 1999, to discuss the role of marine biotechnology in preventing degradation of the environment as well as in remediation and restoration. The agenda is reprinted in Appendix A. Each speaker summarized the current state of knowledge for each topic and highlighted the research needs in each area. Participants discussed the development of strategies for preventing or inhibiting biofilm development, remediation of oil spills and of marsh pollution, restoration of coral reefs, and the effects of heavy metals, overgrowth of microbes, and algal blooms. They also highlighted our critical knowledge gaps. Any advice, findings, conclusions, or recommendations are strictly those of the author and do not reflect a consensus of the workshop as a whole.
In addition to the speakers, those attending the workshop included representatives from the National Science Foundation, National Sea Grant Program of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Electric Power Research Institute, and Department of Energy, all of whom were sponsors of the workshop. We are indebted to these institutions for their sponsorship of the project and for their input during the workshop.
This report has been reviewed by persons chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council's Report Review Committee. The purposes of the independent review are to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the authors and the Research Council in making the published report as accurate as possible and to ensure that the
OCR for page R8
OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS OF MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY: PROCEEDINGS OF THE OCTOBER 5-6, 1999, WORKSHOP
proceedings accurately reflect the discussions at the workshop. The contents of the review comments and the draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following persons for their participation in the review of this report: Keith Cooksey, Montana State University; Mark Hahn, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Garrett Smith, University of South Carolina; and Lilly Young, Rutgers University Biotechnical Center for Agriculture and Environment.
Although the persons listed have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, responsibility for the final content of this proceeding rests solely with the speakers and discussants at the workshop.
OCR for page R9
OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS OF MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY: PROCEEDINGS OF THE OCTOBER 5-6, 1999, WORKSHOP
Contents
Introduction and Goals
Roger C. Prince, Linda Kupfer, and Maryanna Henkert
1
Bacterial Biofilms and Biofouling: Translational Research in Marine Biotechnology
Marc W. Mittelman
3
Antifouling
J. W. Costerton
8
Economic and Regulatory Aspects of Marine Biotechnology
Raymond A. Zilinskas
14
Policy Considerations for Advancing Marine Biotechnology
Lori Denno
18
Applications of Economics in the Field of Environmental Marine Biotechnology
Diane Hite
25
Spilled Oil Bioremediation
Lily Young
34
In Situ Bioremediation of Oiled Shoreline Environments
Kenneth Lee
44
Contributions of Marine Biotechnology to Marsh Oil Spill Restoration
Ralph J. Portier
61
OCR for page R10
OPPORTUNITIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATIONS OF MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY: PROCEEDINGS OF THE OCTOBER 5-6, 1999, WORKSHOP
Constraints on the Use of Bioremediation in Wetlands
Irving A. Mendelssohn
68
Restoration
Judith McDowell
73
Opportunities for Biotechnology for Coral and Reef Restoration
Aileen N. C. Morse
74
Coral Epidemiology
Laurie L. Richardson
85
Use of Trace Metals in Marine Bioremediation: A Need for Fundamental Knowledge
François M. M. Morel
96
Microbial Contamination
Jed Fuhrman
102
Molecular Biology and Biotechnology in Marine Toxicology
Mark E. Hahn and John J. Stegeman
112
Critical Needs in Harmful Algal Bloom Research
JoAnn M. Burkholder
126
The Need for New Biotechnological Tools for Conservation of Marine Environments
Michael Smolen
150
Social and Regulatory Aspects of the Marine Environment
Raymond A. Zilinskas
154
Rapporteur Comments on the Bioremediation Session
Roger C. Prince
161
Appendix A
171
Appendix B
175
