National Academies Press: OpenBook

Designing an Agricultural Genome Program (1998)

Chapter: Front Matter

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Designing an Agricultural Genome Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6081.
×

Designing an Agricultural Genome Program

Board on Biology

Board on Agriculture

National Research Council

NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS
Washington, D.C.
1998

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Designing an Agricultural Genome Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6081.
×

NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS 2101 Constitution Avenue Washington, D.C. 20418

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competencies and with regard for appropriate balance.

This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.

This report has been prepared with funds provided by the Office of Energy Research and the Office of Health and Environmental Research of the US Department of Energy under agreement number DE-FG02-94ER61939.

International Standard Book Number 0-309-06039-7

Additional copies of this report are available from:

National Academy Press
2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W.
Box 285
Washington, DC 20055
800-624-6242; 202-334-3313 in the Washington Metropolitan Area
http://www.nap.edu

Copyright 1998 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Designing an Agricultural Genome Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6081.
×

STEERING COMMITTEE

DALE BAUMAN,

Cornell University

MICHAEL CLEGG, Chair,

University of California, Riverside

RONALD SEDEROFF,

North Carolina State University

Science Writer

ROBERT POOL,

Arlington, Virginia

Staff

PAUL GILMAN, Acting Director,

Board on Biology

MICHAEL PHILLIPS, Director,

Board on Agriculture

MARY JANE LETAW, Project Officer

JULIEMARIE GOUPIL, Project Assistant

KATHLEEN BELL, Project Assistant

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Designing an Agricultural Genome Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6081.
×

BOARD ON BIOLOGY

MICHAEL T. CLEGG, Chair,

University of California, Riverside

JOHN C. AVISE,

University of Georgia, Athens

DAVID EISENBERG,

University of California, Los Angeles

GERALD D. FISCHBACH,

Harvard Medical School

DAVID J. GALAS,

Darwin Technologies, Seattle, Washington

DAVID V. GOEDDEL,

Tularik, Inc., San Francisco, California

ARTURO GOMEZ-POMPA,

University of California, Riverside

COREY S. GOODMAN,

University of California, Berkeley

BRUCE R. LEVIN,

Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia

OLGA F. LINARES,

Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama

ELLIOT M. MEYEROWITZ,

California Institute of Technology, Pasadena

ROBERT T. PAINE,

University of Washington, Seattle

RONALD R. SEDEROFF,

North Carolina State University

DANIEL S. SIMBERLOFF,

Florida State University

ROBERT R. SOKAL,

State University of New York, Stony Brook

SHIRLEY M. TILGHMAN,

Princeton University

RAYMOND L. WHITE,

University of Utah, Salt Lake City

Staff

KATHLEEN BEIL, Project Assistant

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Designing an Agricultural Genome Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6081.
×

COMMISSION ON LIFE SCIENCES

THOMAS D. POLLARD, Chair,

The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California

FREDERICK R. ANDERSON,

Cadwalder, Wickersham and Taft, Washington, DC

JOHN C. BAILAR, III,

University of Chicago

PAUL BERG,

Stanford University

JOHN E. BURRIS,

Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts

SHARON L. DUNWOODY,

University of Wisconsin, Madison

URSULA W. GOODENOUGH,

Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri

HENRY W. HEIKKINEN,

University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, Colorado

HANS J. KENDE,

Michigan State University, Lansing, Michigan

SUSAN E. LEEMAN,

Boston University School of Medicine

THOMAS E. LOVEJOY,

Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC

DONALD R. MATTISON,

University of Pittsburgh

JOSEPH E. MURRAY,

Wellesley Hills, Massachusetts

EDWARD E. PENHOET,

Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, California

EMIL A PFITZER,

Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., Hackensack, New Jersey

MALCOLM C. PIKE,

Norris/University of Southern California Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California

HENRY C. PITOT, III,

University of Wisconsin, Madison

JOHNATHAN M. SAMET,

John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland

CHARLES F. STEVENS,

The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California

JOHN L. VANDERBERG,

Southwest Foundation for Biomedical Research, San Antonio, Texas

Staff

PAUL GILMAN, Executive Director

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Designing an Agricultural Genome Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6081.
×

BOARD ON AGRICULTURE

DALE E. BAUMAN, Chair,

Cornell University, Ithaca, New York

JOHN M. ANTLE,

Montana State University, Bozeman

SANDRA S. BATIE,

Michigan State University, East Lansing

MAY R. BERENBAUM,

University of Illinois, Urbana

LEONARD S. BULL,

North Carolina State University, Raleigh

WILLIAM B. DELAUDER,

Delaware State University, Dover

ANTHONY S. EARL,

Quarles & Brady Law Firm, Madison, Wisconsin

ESSEX E. FINNEY, Jr.,

US Department of Agriculture, Mitchelleville, Maryland

CORNELIA FLORA,

Iowa State University, Ames

GEORGE R. HALLBERG,

University of Iowa, Iowa City

RICHARD R. HARWOOD,

Michigan State University, East Lansing

T. KENT KIRK,

University of Wisconsin, Madison

HARLEY W. MOON,

Iowa State University, Ames

WILLIAM L. OGREN,

University of Illinois, Urbana

GEORGE E. SEIDEL, Jr.,

Colorado State University, Fort Collins

JOHN W. SUTTIE,

University of Wisconsin, Madison

JAMES J. ZUICHES,

Washington State University, Pullman

Staff

PAUL GILMAN, Executive Director

MICHAEL J. PHILLIPS, Director

SHIRLEY B. THATCHER, Senior Project Assistant

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Designing an Agricultural Genome Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6081.
×

Preface

In 1993 the National Research Council's Board on Biology established a series of forums on biotechnology. The purpose of the discussions is to foster open communication among scientists, administrators, policy-makers, and others engaged in biotechnology research, development, and commercialization. The neutral setting offered by the National Research Council is intended to promote mutual understanding among government, industry, and academe and to help develop imaginative approaches to problem solving. The objective, however, is to illuminate issues, not to resolve them. Unlike study committees of the National Research Council, forums cannot provide advice or recommendations to any government agency or other organization. Similarly, summaries of forums are precluded from reaching conclusions or recommendations, but instead, are intended to reflect the variety of opinions expressed by the participants. The comments in this report reflect the views of the forum's participants as indicated in the text.

For the first forum, held on November 5, 1996, the Board on Biology collaborated with the Board on Agriculture to focus on intellectual property rights issues surrounding plant biotechnology. The second forum, held on April 26, 1997, was also conducted in collaboration with the Board on Agriculture. On April 3, 1997, Bruce Alberts, President of the National Academy of Sciences, met with U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Acting Under Secretary for Research Cathy Woteki, USDA National Research Initiative Chief Scientist Ron Phillips, and National Science Foundation Assistant Director for Biological Sciences Mary Clutter to discuss a new and expanded plant and animal genome mapping and sequencing project. It was agreed that through the auspices of the

Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Designing an Agricultural Genome Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6081.
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forum on biotechnology the National Research Council could identify issues and obstacles to a broad genome project with numerous plant and animal species as its subjects. An attempt would also be made to identify problem areas and breakthroughs in similar programs (e.g., the human genome project and the Japanese rice genome project).

Participation at the "Forum on Designing an Agricultural Genome Program" by representatives of the U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health, and Congressional staff suggests that this project is important to many federal bodies. Scientists from industry, academe, and federal agencies shared their experiences in mapping and sequencing programs in diverse areas of genomics including human, mouse, Arabidopsis, livestock, and maize.

Examination of genomics has been a focus of other activities of the Board on Biology. In 1988 Bruce Alberts, chair of the Board's Committee on Mapping and Sequencing the Human Genome at that time, released a report outlining how, when, and why we should map and sequence the DNA in the human genome, and strategies for implementation and management of the project. We hope the present forum proceedings will generate further interest in an agricultural genome project and other issues of biotechnology.

DALE E. BAUMAN, CHAIR
BOARD ON AGRICULTURE

MICHAEL T. CLEGG, CHAIR
BOARD ON BIOLOGY

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Designing an Agricultural Genome Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6081.
×

Contents

Boxes

1:

 

Maps and Sequences

 

6

2:

 

Considering the Social and Ethical Issues

 

10

3:

 

Saved by the Weed

 

12

4:

 

Gene Chips

 

16

5:

 

Public and Private Genomes

 

20

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Designing an Agricultural Genome Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6081.
×

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. William A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering.

The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Kenneth I. Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine.

The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. William A. Wulf are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the National Research Council.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Research Council. 1998. Designing an Agricultural Genome Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6081.
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