Nanotechnology for the Intelligence Community
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
www.nap.edu
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This study was supported by Contract No. 2003-A442100–000 between the National Academy of Sciences and the Intelligence Technology Information Center (ITIC).. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that sponsored the report.
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Wm. A. Wulf is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy's purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. Wm. A. Wulf are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.
COMMITTEE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY
ROBERT J.HERMANN, Chair,
Global Technology Partners, LLC, Hartford, Connecticut
ANTONIO A.CANTU,
U.S. Secret Service, Washington, D.C.
JAMES J.DE YOREO,
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California
DANIEL H.DOUGHTY,
Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico
LAWRENCE H.DUBOIS,
SRI International, Menlo Park, California
ALAN H.EPSTEIN,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
WILHELM B.GAUSTER,
Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico
SHERLEY A.JACKSON,
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
SIEGFRIED W.JANSON,
The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, California
ANTHONY F.LAVIANO,
Raytheon, El Segundo, California
DEBRA R.ROLISON,
Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C.
R.PAUL SCHAUDIES,
Science Applications International Corporation, Rockville, Maryland
JULIA R.WEERTMAN,
Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
GEORGE M.WHITESIDES,
Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
ELLEN D.WILLIAMS,
University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
MARY H.YOUNG,
HRL Laboratories, Malibu, California
NRC Staff
RICHARD ROWBERG, Senior Staff Officer (from October 2004)
JAMES KILLIAN, Senior Staff Officer (to October 2004)
RUSSELL MOY, Senior Staff Officer (to October 2004)
TERI G.THOROWGOOD, Research Associate
GREG EYRING, consultant
NATIONAL MATERIALS ADVISORY BOARD
JULIA M.PHILLIPS, Chair,
Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico
JOHN ALLISON,
Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, Michigan
PAUL BECHER,
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
BARBARA BOYAN,
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta
ROBERT J.CAVA,
Princeton Materials Institute, Princeton, New Jersey
FIONA DOYLE,
University of California, Berkeley
GARY FISCHMAN, Consultant,
Palatine, Illinois
HAMISH L.FRASER,
Ohio State University, Columbus
JOHN J.GASSNER,
U.S. Army Natick Soldier Center, Natick, Massachusetts
THOMAS S.HARTWICK, Consultant,
Redmond, Washington
ARTHUR H.HEUER,
Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
FRANK E.KARASZ,
University of Massachusetts, Amherst
SHEILA F.KIA,
General Motors, Warren, Michigan
ENRIQUE J.LAVERNIA,
University of California, Davis
TERRY LOWE,
Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico
ALAN G.MILLER,
Boeing Commercial Airplane Group, Seattle, Washington
ROBERT C.PFAHL, JR.,
National Electronics Manufacturing Initiative, Herndon, Virginia
HENRY J.RACK,
Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina
LINDA SCHADLER,
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
JAMES C.SEFERIS,
University of Washington, Seattle
T.S.SUDARSHAN,
Materials Modification, Inc., Fairfax, Virginia
JULIA WEERTMAN,
Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
NRC Staff
DENNIS CHAMMOT, Acting Director (from October 2004)
TONI MARECHAUX, Director (to October 2004)
Acknowledgments
This report has been reviewed by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s (NRC) Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards of objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the workshop objectives. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this summary:
R. Stephen Berry, University of Chicago,
Aladar A. Csontos, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission,
Robert J. Dowding, U.S. Army Research Laboratory,
David R. Forrest, Naval Surface Warfare Center,
Alton D. Romig, Sandia National Laboratories,
George W. Sutton, ANSER Corporation, and
William M. Tolles, Consultant
The review of this report was overseen by Robert A Frosch, Harvard University. Appointed by the NRC, he was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. While the individuals listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, responsibility for the final content of the report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution.