Appendix Tables
TABLE 1 Federal funding of R&D and Research (in constant 1999 dollars)
|
1999 Dollars: |
GDP |
Current Dollars: |
||
|
R&D |
Research |
Deflator |
R&D |
Research |
1980 |
61.880 |
21.717 |
0.5340 |
33.044 |
11.597 |
|
63.721 |
20.849 |
0.5858 |
37.327 |
12.213 |
1982 |
61.803 |
20.775 |
0.6268 |
38.738 |
13.022 |
|
61.192 |
21.783 |
0.6544 |
40.042 |
14.254 |
1984 |
67.808 |
22.077 |
0.6785 |
46.007 |
14.979 |
|
73.810 |
23.017 |
0.7009 |
51.734 |
16.133 |
1986 |
76.096 |
22.990 |
0.7178 |
54.621 |
16.502 |
|
79.515 |
24.326 |
0.7375 |
58.645 |
17.941 |
1988 |
80.132 |
24.486 |
0.7617 |
61.033 |
18.650 |
|
81.276 |
26.255 |
0.7909 |
64.284 |
20.766 |
1990 |
80.963 |
26.346 |
0.8207 |
66.446 |
21.622 |
|
80.628 |
28.110 |
0.8526 |
68.747 |
23.968 |
1992 |
82.222 |
27.991 |
0.8750 |
71.941 |
24.491 |
|
81.406 |
30.017 |
0.8959 |
72.928 |
26.891 |
1994 |
77.658 |
29.950 |
0.9152 |
71.074 |
27.411 |
|
75.876 |
30.409 |
0.9351 |
70.948 |
28.434 |
1996 |
74.659 |
29.631 |
0.9537 |
71.206 |
28.260 |
|
76.037 |
30.201 |
0.9723 |
73.934 |
29.366 |
1998 |
77.007 |
31.356 |
0.9862 |
75.942 |
30.922 |
|
80.171 |
33.528 |
1.0000 |
80.171 |
33.528 |
2000a |
82.186 |
35.643 |
1.0193 |
83.769 |
36.330 |
SOURCES: For R&D: http://www.aaas.org/spp/dspp/rd/hist02p.pdf For research: Tables C-95, C-95a, C-98, C-98a in NSF, Federal Funds for Research and Development, Fiscal Years 1999, 2000, and 2001. Volume 49. For deflator, Table 10.1 in OMB, Historical Tables, Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2002. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2001. aPreliminary |
TABLE 2 Federal Funding of Research, by Selected Agencies, FY 1990–2000 (in billions of 1999 dollars)
|
1990 |
1991 |
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
2000a |
All |
26.3 |
28.1 |
28.0 |
30.0 |
30.0 |
30.4 |
29.6 |
30.2 |
31.4 |
33.5 |
35.6 |
All but NIH |
18.6 |
20.2 |
19.5 |
20.4 |
20.0 |
20.4 |
19.3 |
19.4 |
19.9 |
20.7 |
21.2 |
NIH |
7.7 |
8.0 |
8.5 |
9.6 |
9.9 |
10.0 |
10.4 |
10.8 |
11.4 |
12.9 |
14.4 |
DOD |
4.3 |
4.4 |
4.7 |
5.3 |
4.6 |
4.5 |
4.2 |
3.9 |
4.0 |
4.1 |
4.4 |
DOE |
3.1 |
3.8 |
3.9 |
3.8 |
3.6 |
3.7 |
3.5 |
3.7 |
3.8 |
3.9 |
4.1 |
SOURCE: National Science Foundation/SRS, Survey of Federal Funds for Research and Development: Fiscal Years 1999, 2000, and 2001. NOTE: Constant dollar conversions were made using the fiscal year GDP deflators in OMB, Historical Tables, Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2002. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2001, Table 10.1. They are: FY 1990=.8207, FY 1991=.8526, FY 1992=.8750, FY 1993=.8959, FY 1994=.9152, FY 1995=.9351, FY 1996=.9537, FY 1997=.9723, FY 1998=.9862, FY 1999=1.0000, FY 2000=1.0204. aPreliminary |
TABLE 3 Federal Obligations for Research in Selected Fields, FY 1990–1999 (in millions of 1999 dollars)
TABLE 4a Federal Obligations for Biological Sciences Research, by Agency, FY 1990–1999 (in millions of 1999 dollars)a
TABLE 4b Federal Obligations for Biological Sciences Research, FY 1990–1999 (in millions of current dollars)a
TABLE 5a Federal Obligations for Medical Sciences Research, by Agency, FY 1990–1999 (in millions of 1999 dollars)a
TABLE 5b Federal Obligations for Medical Sciences Research, by Agency, FY 1990– 1999 (in current dollars)a
TABLE 6a Federal Obligations for Computer Sciences Research, by Agency, FY 1990–1999 (in millions of 1999 dollars)
TABLE 6b Federal Obligations for Computer Sciences Research, by Agency, FY 1990–1999 (in current dollars)
|
1990 |
1991 |
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
USDA |
1.4 |
1.4 |
2.5 |
2.3 |
2.6 |
2.5 |
2.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
Commerce |
5.0 |
13.5 |
19.5 |
23.3 |
32.0 |
83.8 |
57.6 |
60.1 |
57.6 |
58.6 |
DOD |
355.2 |
288.6 |
427.7 |
473.0 |
474.6 |
595.1 |
483.3 |
523.5 |
561.7 |
538.0 |
DOE |
22.8 |
87.3 |
116.3 |
103.4 |
89.6 |
97.2 |
201.0 |
318.6 |
395.8 |
506.3 |
DHHS |
1.3 |
0.9 |
1.6 |
21.2 |
13.3 |
34.8 |
53.7 |
58.5 |
66.3 |
75.1 |
NIH |
0.2 |
0.0 |
1.6 |
18.0 |
0.9 |
24.2 |
43.8 |
50.6 |
54.3 |
61.9 |
Interior |
10.1 |
12.2 |
10.3 |
10.8 |
13.9 |
13.8 |
14.1 |
15.4 |
6.0 |
4.5 |
EPA |
4.2 |
4.5 |
5.8 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
6.4 |
NASA |
45.2 |
51.1 |
43.8 |
23.9 |
25.8 |
27.2 |
26.3 |
27.6 |
25.3 |
25.2 |
NSF |
109.1 |
106.2 |
123.2 |
127.0 |
145.5 |
124.1 |
253.3 |
241.5 |
266.8 |
297.1 |
All Others |
7.8 |
19.2 |
21.1 |
41.2 |
32.9 |
35.4 |
28.5 |
19.5 |
19.3 |
4.9 |
TOTAL |
562.1 |
584.9 |
771.8 |
826.1 |
830.2 |
1,013.9 |
1,119.8 |
1,264.7 |
1,398.7 |
1,516.1 |
SOURCE: National Science Foundation/SRS, Survey of Federal Funds for Research and Development: Fiscal Years 1999, 2000, and 2001. |
TABLE 7a Federal Obligations for Electrical Engineering Research, by Agency, FY 1990–1999 (in millions of 1999 dollars)
TABLE 7b Federal Obligations for Electrical Engineering Research, by Agency, FY 1990–1999 (in current dollars)
|
1990 |
1991 |
1992 |
1993 |
1994 |
1995 |
1996 |
1997 |
1998 |
1999 |
USDA |
1.4 |
1.4 |
2.5 |
2.3 |
2.6 |
2.5 |
2.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
USDA |
0.4 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.3 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
Commerce |
12.4 |
15.3 |
20.8 |
24.0 |
28.7 |
56.3 |
49.2 |
50.2 |
41.6 |
41.5 |
DOD |
535.1 |
584.4 |
615.0 |
723.4 |
574.9 |
562.3 |
523.1 |
474.3 |
507.2 |
555.6 |
DOE |
21.1 |
42.9 |
38.7 |
43.1 |
42.2 |
51.4 |
24.8 |
24.3 |
25.2 |
30.8 |
DHHS |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
NIH |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
Interior |
0.7 |
1.0 |
0.8 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.6 |
EPA |
0.5 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.3 |
NASA |
11.5 |
16.6 |
14.8 |
21.0 |
22.7 |
23.9 |
24.4 |
25.0 |
20.1 |
19.7 |
NSF |
49.4 |
57.9 |
53.3 |
60.0 |
66.5 |
57.0 |
39.1 |
42.2 |
40.2 |
46.8 |
All Others |
9.0 |
10.3 |
14.1 |
9.2 |
6.2 |
4.8 |
8.7 |
5.5 |
4.2 |
2.7 |
TOTAL |
640.0 |
729.9 |
759.0 |
881.5 |
741.8 |
756.3 |
669.7 |
622.2 |
639.3 |
698.7 |
SOURCE: National Science Foundation/SRS, Survey of Federal Funds for Research and Development: Fiscal Years 1999, 2000, and 2001. |
TABLE 8 National Trends in Research Funding, FY 1980–2000 (in billions of 1999 dollars)
|
1999 Dollars: |
Basic research in current dollars: |
|||||
|
Industry |
Federal Government |
Universities |
Other Institutions |
GDP Deflator |
Industry 83 |
Fed 82 |
1980 |
25.7 |
40.2 |
21.9 |
4.0 |
0.5444 |
2,255 |
10,913 |
27.3 |
37.0 |
20.4 |
3.7 |
0.5953 |
2,566 |
10,868 |
|
27.2 |
36.0 |
20.2 |
3.7 |
0.6323 |
2,798 |
11,070 |
|
27.9 |
37.4 |
21.3 |
3.7 |
0.6574 |
3,116 |
11,736 |
|
29.5 |
37.7 |
21.5 |
3.8 |
0.6819 |
3,617 |
12,350 |
|
1985 |
31.1 |
39.5 |
23.2 |
4.0 |
0.7034 |
3,956 |
12,951 |
36.1 |
38.4 |
21.6 |
4.3 |
0.7188 |
5,484 |
13,747 |
|
34.5 |
38.2 |
21.2 |
4.6 |
0.7405 |
5,519 |
14,385 |
|
34.5 |
37.3 |
20.0 |
4.7 |
0.7656 |
5,329 |
15,115 |
|
35.0 |
38.0 |
20.4 |
4.9 |
0.7948 |
5,635 |
16,105 |
|
1990 |
33.1 |
39.0 |
22.0 |
5.0 |
0.8257 |
5,444 |
16,296 |
37.9 |
38.6 |
21.4 |
5.1 |
0.8558 |
7,983 |
17,114 |
|
35.6 |
36.6 |
19.7 |
5.2 |
0.8766 |
7,541 |
17,132 |
|
32.8 |
36.1 |
19.4 |
5.2 |
0.8977 |
7,587 |
17,450 |
|
31.0 |
34.7 |
18.4 |
5.4 |
0.9164 |
7,627 |
17,395 |
|
1995 |
33.9 |
33.3 |
17.5 |
5.5 |
0.9363 |
6,844 |
17,272 |
36.0 |
33.6 |
17.5 |
5.7 |
0.9545 |
8,306 |
18,082 |
|
41.2 |
32.6 |
16.4 |
5.8 |
0.9731 |
10,136 |
18,726 |
|
41.4 |
33.4 |
16.3 |
6.0 |
0.9852 |
12,979 |
19,970 |
|
45.4 |
35.3 |
17.5 |
6.3 |
1.0000 |
13,999 |
21,132 |
|
2000 |
48.2 |
34.6 |
16.6 |
6.4 |
1.0204 |
15,174 |
21,804 |
105.9 |
45.6% |
32.7% |
15.7% |
6.1% |
|
||
SOURCE: Table B-6 in National Patterns of R&D Resources: 2000 Data Update (NSF 01–310). See <http://www.nsf.gov/sbe/srs/nsf01309/start.htm> NOTE: Includes basic and applied research funding. FY 2000 data are preliminary. Universities includes colleges. Other institutions includes nonprofits, state and local governments, and foreign institutions. |
|
Applied research in current dollars: |
||||||
U&C 71 |
Othr 84 |
Othr 69 |
Industry 125 |
Fed 124 |
U&C 113 |
Othr 126 |
Othr 111 |
954 |
811 |
538 |
11,742 |
10,988 |
540 |
523 |
304 |
987 |
821 |
542 |
13,677 |
11,173 |
581 |
532 |
319 |
1,081 |
893 |
556 |
14,419 |
11,709 |
607 |
554 |
313 |
1,185 |
970 |
575 |
15,245 |
12,825 |
643 |
582 |
312 |
1,281 |
1,044 |
610 |
16,500 |
13,390 |
688 |
614 |
328 |
1,460 |
1,136 |
698 |
17,900 |
14,836 |
743 |
640 |
355 |
1,676 |
1,243 |
804 |
20,451 |
13,838 |
824 |
677 |
395 |
1,804 |
1,356 |
849 |
19,993 |
13,911 |
912 |
736 |
429 |
1,907 |
1,471 |
879 |
21,117 |
13,422 |
1,020 |
807 |
470 |
2,058 |
1,593 |
919 |
22,160 |
14,116 |
1,121 |
867 |
501 |
2,230 |
1,718 |
979 |
21,881 |
15,920 |
1,192 |
911 |
523 |
2,372 |
1,852 |
1,017 |
24,476 |
15,928 |
1,216 |
945 |
522 |
2,398 |
1,987 |
1,025 |
23,668 |
14,909 |
1,219 |
991 |
521 |
2,411 |
2,112 |
1,012 |
21,847 |
14,968 |
1,255 |
1,046 |
527 |
2,505 |
2,249 |
1,032 |
20,826 |
14,369 |
1,308 |
1,093 |
539 |
2,557 |
2,370 |
1,089 |
24,891 |
13,870 |
1,336 |
1,126 |
569 |
2,738 |
2,538 |
1,148 |
26,074 |
13,964 |
1,388 |
1,162 |
582 |
2,936 |
2,611 |
1,167 |
29,971 |
13,008 |
1,490 |
1,247 |
592 |
3,076 |
2,801 |
1,179 |
27,763 |
12,957 |
1,595 |
1,350 |
|
3,265 |
2,974 |
1,223 |
31,352 |
14,199 |
1,676 |
1,427 |
628 |
3,435 |
3,130 |
1,264 |
34,047 |
13,525 |
1,762 |
1,500 |
648 |
TABLE 9 Sources of Funding for Basic and Applied Research, FY 2000 (percentages)
|
Industry |
Federal Government |
Other Institutions |
Total |
Total Research |
51.1 |
36.7 |
12.2 |
100.0 |
Basic Research |
33.9 |
48.7 |
17.5 |
100.1 |
SOURCE: NSF, National Patterns of Research and Development Resources: 2000 Data Update (NSF 01–309). |
TABLE 10a National Investment in Life Sciences-related R&D, 1981–1998 (in millions of 1999 dollars)
|
Total |
Company-funded R&D in drugs and medicines |
Company-funded R&D in food, kindred, & tobacco products |
Federal obligations for research in life sciences |
DSS obligations for development |
1981 |
15,004 |
3,467 |
1,068 |
7,452 |
700 |
1982 |
15,603 |
3,911 |
1,229 |
7,504 |
501 |
1983 |
16,690 |
4,405 |
1,253 |
7,876 |
479 |
1984 |
18,050 |
4,854 |
1,585 |
8,265 |
515 |
1985 |
19,227 |
4,949 |
1,615 |
9,046 |
574 |
1986 |
19,848 |
5,088 |
1,781 |
8,993 |
584 |
1987 |
21,498 |
5,530 |
1,626 |
9,914 |
731 |
1988 |
22,719 |
6,400 |
1,532 |
10,090 |
802 |
1989 |
24,295 |
6,935 |
1,565 |
10,688 |
907 |
1990 |
24,784 |
7,166 |
1,511 |
10,694 |
1,028 |
1991 |
27,393 |
8,118 |
1,492 |
11,243 |
1,705 |
1992 |
28,090 |
9,051 |
1,581 |
11,305 |
1,164 |
1993 |
30,027 |
10,173 |
1,498 |
12,000 |
1,267 |
1994 |
31,084 |
10,503 |
1,611 |
12,313 |
1,385 |
1995 |
32,162 |
10,896 |
1,673 |
12,615 |
1,454 |
1996 |
31,649 |
10,235 |
1,639 |
12,639 |
1,469 |
1997 |
34,491 |
11,906 |
1,836 |
13,011 |
1,596 |
1998 |
36,680 |
12,755 |
1,737 |
13,762 |
1,903 |
1981–1998 |
144.5% |
267.9% |
62.6% |
84.7% |
171.7% |
1990–1998 |
48.0% |
78.0% |
14.9% |
28.7% |
85.1% |
1994–1998 |
18.0% |
21.4% |
7.8% |
11.8% |
37.4% |
SOURCES: National Science Foundation/SRS, Research and Development in Industry: 1998 (NSF 01–305). See http://www.nsf.gov/sbe/srs/nsf01305/htmstart.htm. National Science Foundation/SRS, Federal Funds for Research and Development, Fiscal Years 1999, 2000, and 2001, Vol. 49. National Science Foundation/SRS, Academic Research and Development Expenditures: Fiscal Year 1999 [Early Release Tables]. See http://www.nsf.gov/sbe/srs/srs01407/start.htm. |
VA obligations for development |
USDA obligations for development |
AcademicR&D (not federally funded) in life sciences & bioengineering/biomedical engineering |
As % of GDP |
As % of Total R&D |
29 |
55 |
2,232 |
0.285% |
12.36% |
22 |
49 |
2,387 |
0.303% |
12.20% |
23 |
46 |
2,607 |
0.310% |
12.18% |
26 |
45 |
2,758 |
0.313% |
12.03% |
26 |
45 |
2,971 |
0.321% |
11.78% |
22 |
45 |
3,336 |
0.320% |
11.86% |
26 |
39 |
3,633 |
0.336% |
12.60% |
25 |
40 |
3,830 |
0.341% |
12.99% |
26 |
45 |
4,128 |
0.352% |
13.61% |
27 |
57 |
4,301 |
0.353% |
13.46% |
27 |
71 |
4,737 |
0.392% |
14.57% |
26 |
75 |
4,888 |
0.390% |
14.89% |
32 |
85 |
4,973 |
0.406% |
16.27% |
27 |
84 |
5,160 |
0.404% |
16.83% |
20 |
87 |
5,418 |
0.407% |
16.40% |
22 |
84 |
5,562 |
0.387% |
15.31% |
23 |
102 |
6,017 |
0.404% |
15.80% |
8 |
109 |
6,407 |
0.411% |
15.93% |
–71.6% |
95.9% |
187.0% |
|
|
–69.5% |
90.8% |
49.0% |
|
|
–70.2% |
29.3% |
24.2% |
|
TABLE 10b National Investment in Life Sciences-related R&D, 1981–1998 (in current dollars)
|
Total |
Company-funded R&D in drugs and medicines |
Company-funded R&D in food, kindred, & tobacco products |
Federal obligations for research in life sciences |
DSS obligations for development* |
1981 |
8,932 |
2,064 |
636 |
4,436 |
417 |
1982 |
9,866 |
2,473 |
777 |
4,745 |
317 |
1983 |
10,972 |
2,896 |
824 |
5,178 |
315 |
1984 |
12,308 |
3,310 |
1,081 |
5,636 |
351 |
1985 |
13,524 |
3,481 |
1,136 |
6,363 |
404 |
1986 |
14,267 |
3,657 |
1,280 |
6,464 |
420 |
1987 |
15,919 |
4,095 |
1,204 |
7,341 |
541 |
1988 |
17,394 |
4,900 |
1,173 |
7,725 |
614 |
1989 |
19,310 |
5,512 |
1,244 |
8,495 |
721 |
1990 |
20,464 |
5,917 |
1,248 |
8,830 |
849 |
1991 |
23,443 |
6,947 |
1,277 |
9,622 |
1,459 |
1992 |
24,624 |
7,934 |
1,386 |
9,910 |
1,020 |
1993 |
26,955 |
9,132 |
1,345 |
10,772 |
1,137 |
1994 |
28,485 |
9,625 |
1,476 |
11,284 |
1,269 |
1995 |
30,113 |
10,202 |
1,566 |
11,811 |
1,361 |
1996 |
30,209 |
9,769 |
1,564 |
12,064 |
1,402 |
1997 |
33,563 |
11,586 |
1,787 |
12,661 |
1,553 |
1998 |
36,137 |
12,566 |
1,711 |
13,558 |
1,875 |
1999 |
|
15,422 |
2,184 |
||
2000 (est.) |
|
17,422 |
2,494 |
||
2001 (est.) |
|
2,660 |
|||
SOURCE: Company-funded R&D=NSF/SRS, Research and Development in Industry: 1998. NSF 01–305. Academic R&D (not federally funded) For 1992–1999: NSF/SRS, Academic Research and Development Expenditures, Fiscal 1999 [Early Release Tables], Table B-5. For 1985–1991=Calculated from Appendix Tables 6–6 and 6–7 in NSB, Science and Engineering Indicators 2000. For 1981–1985=WebCASPAR. Federal obligations for computer science research and electrical engineering research=NSF/SRS, Federal funds for Research and Development, Fiscal Years 1999, 2000, and 2001, Tables C-107 and C-107a. DHHS, USD A, and VA obligations for development: NSF/SRS, Federal funds for Research and Development, Fiscal Years 1999, 2000, and 2001, Tables C-101 and C-101a. *DHHS obligations for development exclude the social services agencies (Administration on Aging and Administration on Children and Families and the Social Security Administration when it was part of DHHS). NTH accounts for most of the rest (86 percent in 1999). |
VA obligations for development |
USDA obligations for development |
Academic R&D (not life sciences & bioengineering /biomedical engineering) |
GDP |
Total R&D |
17 |
33 |
1,329 |
3,131,000 |
72,267 |
14 |
31 |
1,509 |
3,259,000 |
80,848 |
15 |
30 |
1,714 |
3,535,000 |
90,075 |
18 |
31 |
1,881 |
3,933,000 |
102,344 |
18 |
32 |
2,090 |
4,213,000 |
114,778 |
16 |
32 |
2,398 |
4,453,000 |
120,337 |
19 |
29 |
2,690 |
4,743,000 |
126,299 |
19 |
31 |
2,932 |
5,108,000 |
133,930 |
21 |
36 |
3,281 |
5,489,000 |
141,914 |
22 |
47 |
3,551 |
5,803,000 |
152,051 |
23 |
61 |
4,054 |
5,986,000 |
160,914 |
23 |
66 |
4,285 |
6,319,000 |
165,358 |
29 |
76 |
4,464 |
6,642,000 |
165,714 |
25 |
77 |
4,729 |
7,054,000 |
169,214 |
19 |
81 |
5,073 |
7,401,000 |
183,611 |
21 |
80 |
5,309 |
7,813,000 |
197,330 |
22 |
99 |
5,855 |
8,318,000 |
212,379 |
8 |
107 |
6,312 |
8,790,000 |
226,872 |
7 |
126 |
6,736 |
9,299,000 |
244,143 |
7 |
131 |
|
||
7 |
141 |
|
TABLE 11a National Investment in Life Sciences-Related R&D, 1981–1998 (in millions of 1999 dollars)
|
Total without software |
Total with software |
Company-funded R&D in office, computing, & accouting machines |
Company-funded R&D in electrical equipment |
Company-funded R&D in computer and data processing services |
Federal obligations for research in math & computer science |
1981 |
18,811 |
18,811 |
6,462 |
10,766 |
0 |
469 |
1982 |
20,093 |
20,093 |
7,819 |
10,568 |
0 |
554 |
1983 |
22,775 |
22,775 |
8,570 |
12,409 |
0 |
637 |
1984 |
25,364 |
25,364 |
10,282 |
13,253 |
0 |
645 |
1985 |
27,176 |
27,176 |
11,968 |
13,180 |
0 |
817 |
1986 |
27,402 |
27,402 |
11,658 |
13,588 |
0 |
856 |
1987 |
27,533 |
27,533 |
11,064 |
14,111 |
0 |
866 |
1988 |
27,485 |
27,485 |
12,209 |
13,029 |
0 |
840 |
1989 |
28,048 |
28,048 |
13,494 |
12,047 |
0 |
925 |
1990 |
26,886 |
26,886 |
13,307 |
11,223 |
0 |
1,019 |
1991 |
25,011 |
25,011 |
12,175 |
10,359 |
0 |
1,056 |
1992 |
25,716 |
25,716 |
12,108 |
10,856 |
0 |
1,323 |
1993 |
21,387 |
21,387 |
5,477 |
13,013 |
0 |
1,365 |
1994 |
22,015 |
22,015 |
4,450 |
14,772 |
0 |
1,421 |
1995 |
26,318 |
35,445 |
5,019 |
18,221 |
9,126 |
1,686 |
1996 |
32,778 |
43,281 |
8,520 |
21,326 |
10,503 |
1,647 |
1997 |
39,504 |
51,135 |
13,140 |
23,376 |
11,631 |
1,718 |
1998 |
36,970 |
51,482 |
9,024 |
24,744 |
14,512 |
1,865 |
1981–1998 |
96.5% |
173.7% |
39.6% |
129.8% |
NA |
297.8% |
1990–1998 |
37.5% |
91.5% |
-32.2% |
120.5% |
NA |
83.1% |
1994–1998 |
67.9% |
133.8% |
102.8% |
67.5% |
NA |
31.2% |
SOURCES: National Science Foundation/SRS, Research and Development in Industry: 1998 (NSF 01–305). See http://www.nsf.gov/sbe/srs/nsf01305/htmstart.htm. National Science Foundation/SRS, Federal Funds for Research and Development, Fiscal Years 1999, 2000, and 2001, Vol. 49. National Science Foundation/SRS, Academic Research and Development Expenditures: Fiscal Year 1999 [Early Release Tables]. See http://www.nsf.gov/sbe/srs/srs01407/start.htm. |
Academic R&D in computer science & math (not federally funded) |
Federal obligations for electrical engineering |
Academic R&D in electrical engineering (not federally funded) |
Without software |
With software |
||
As % of Total R&D |
As % of GDP |
As % of Total R&D |
As % of GDP |
|||
99 |
936 |
79 |
0.358% |
15.50% |
0.358% |
15.50% |
106 |
968 |
79 |
0.390% |
15.71% |
0.390% |
15.71% |
117 |
936 |
105 |
0.424% |
16.62% |
0.424% |
16.62% |
135 |
924 |
126 |
0.440% |
16.90% |
0.440% |
16.90% |
165 |
891 |
155 |
0.454% |
16.65% |
0.454% |
16.65% |
175 |
938 |
187 |
0.442% |
16.37% |
0.442% |
16.37% |
216 |
1,061 |
214 |
0.430% |
16.14% |
0.430% |
16.14% |
220 |
955 |
233 |
0.412% |
15.71% |
0.412% |
15.71% |
260 |
1,061 |
262 |
0.406% |
15.71% |
0.406% |
15.71% |
282 |
775 |
280 |
0.383% |
14.60% |
0.383% |
14.60% |
284 |
853 |
284 |
0.358% |
13.30% |
0.358% |
13.30% |
274 |
866 |
290 |
0.357% |
13.63% |
0.357% |
13.63% |
282 |
983 |
267 |
0.289% |
11.59% |
0.289% |
11.59% |
285 |
810 |
278 |
0.286% |
11.92% |
0.286% |
11.92% |
292 |
807 |
294 |
0.333% |
13.42% |
0.448% |
18.07% |
281 |
702 |
303 |
0.400% |
15.86% |
0.529% |
20.94% |
298 |
639 |
332 |
0.462% |
18.10% |
0.598% |
23.43% |
334 |
649 |
355 |
0.414% |
16.05% |
0.577% |
22.36% |
236.9% |
|
|||||
18.3% |
|
|||||
17.3% |
|
TABLE 11b National Investment in Information Technology-related R&D, 1981–1998 (in millions of current dollars)
|
Total without software |
Total with software |
Company-funded R&D in office, computing, & accouting machines |
Company-funded R&D in electrical equipment |
Company-funded R&D in computer and data processing services |
1981 |
11,198 |
11,198 |
3,847 |
6,409 |
|
1982 |
12,705 |
12,705 |
4,944 |
6,682 |
|
1983 |
14,972 |
14,972 |
5,634 |
8,158 |
|
1984 |
17,296 |
17,296 |
7,011 |
9,037 |
|
1985 |
19,116 |
19,116 |
8,418 |
9,271 |
|
1986 |
19,697 |
19,697 |
8,380 |
9,767 |
|
1987 |
20,388 |
20,388 |
8,193 |
10,449 |
|
1988 |
21,043 |
21,043 |
9,347 |
9,975 |
|
1989 |
22,293 |
22,293 |
10,725 |
9,575 |
|
1990 |
22,200 |
22,200 |
10,988 |
9,267 |
|
1991 |
21,404 |
21,404 |
10,419 |
8,865 |
|
1992 |
22,543 |
22,543 |
10,614 |
9,516 |
|
1993 |
19,199 |
19,199 |
4,917 |
11,682 |
|
1994 |
20,175 |
20,175 |
4,078 |
13,537 |
|
1995 |
24,642 |
33,187 |
4,699 |
17,060 |
8,545 |
1996 |
31,287 |
41,312 |
8,132 |
20,356 |
10,025 |
1997 |
38,441 |
49,759 |
12,787 |
22,747 |
11,318 |
1998 |
36,423 |
50,720 |
8,890 |
24,378 |
14,297 |
1999 |
|
||||
2000 (est.) |
|
||||
2001 (est.) |
|
||||
SOURCE: Company-funded R&D=NSF/SRS, Research and Development in Industry: 1998. NSF 01–305. Aacademic R&D (not federally funded). For 1992–1999: NSF/SRS, Academic Research and Development Expenditures, =Fiscal 1999 [Early Release Tables], Table B-5. For 1985–1991: Calculated from Appendix Tables 6–6 and 6–7 in NSB, Science and Engineering Indicators 2000. For 1981–1985: WebCASPAR. Federal obligations for computer science research and electrical engineering research=NSF/SRS, Federal Funds for Research and Development, Fiscal Years 1999, 2000, and 2001, Tables C-107 and C-107a. |
Federal obligations for research in math & computer science |
Academic R&D in computer science & math (not federally funded) |
Federal obligations for electrical engineering |
Academic R&D in electrical engineering (not federally funded) |
GDP |
Total R&D |
279 |
59 |
557 |
47 |
3,131,000 |
72,267 |
350 |
67 |
612 |
50 |
3,259,000 |
80,848 |
419 |
77 |
615 |
69 |
3,535,000 |
90,075 |
440 |
92 |
630 |
86 |
3,933,000 |
102,344 |
575 |
116 |
627 |
109 |
4,213,000 |
114,778 |
615 |
126 |
674 |
135 |
4,453,000 |
120,337 |
641 |
160 |
786 |
159 |
4,743,000 |
126,299 |
643 |
168 |
731 |
179 |
5,108,000 |
133,930 |
735 |
206 |
843 |
208 |
5,489,000 |
141,914 |
841 |
233 |
640 |
231 |
5,803,000 |
152,051 |
904 |
243 |
730 |
243 |
5,986,000 |
160,914 |
1,160 |
240 |
759 |
254 |
6,319,000 |
165,358 |
1,225 |
253 |
882 |
240 |
6,642,000 |
165,714 |
1,302 |
261 |
742 |
255 |
7,054,000 |
169,214 |
1,579 |
273 |
756 |
275 |
7,401,000 |
183,611 |
1,572 |
268 |
670 |
289 |
7,813,000 |
197,330 |
1,672 |
290 |
622 |
323 |
8,318,000 |
212,379 |
1,837 |
329 |
639 |
350 |
8,790,000 |
226,872 |
1,837 |
382 |
699 |
368 |
9,299,000 |
244,143 |
2,008 |
|
9,963,000 |
264,622 |
||
2,131 |
|
TABLE 12 Real Changes in Federal Obligations for Research, by Field, FY 1993–1997 and FY 1993–1999 (in constant dollars)*
TABLE 13 Real Changes in Federal Obligations for Basic Research in Selected Fields, FY 1993–1997 and FY 1993–1999 (in constant dollars)*