E
Acronyms and Abbreviations
AAD
Antibiotic associated diarrhea
ACSM
American College of Sports Medicine
ADA
American Dietetic Association
ADP
Adenosine diphosphate
AI
Adequate Intake
ALB
Alpha-lactalbumin
AMDR
Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range
AMS
Acute mountain sickness
AO
Antioxidants
AR
Army regulation
ARDS
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
ATO
Army Technology Objective
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate
AVP
Arginine vasopressin
BHA
Butylated hydroxyanisole
BHT
Butylated hydroxytoluene
BMI
Body mass index
BMR
Basal metabolic rate
Bpm
Beats per minute
C
Celsius
cal
Calorie
CS
Casein
CCK
Cholecystokinin
CD4
Cluster of differentiation 4
CDR
Cognitive Drug Research (computerized assessment battery)
CFD
Combat Feeding Directorate
CFU
Colony-forming units
CHD
Coronary heart disease
CHO
Carbohydrate
CK
Creatine kinase
CMNR
Committee on Military Nutrition Research
CoA
Pantothenic acid
CoQ10
Coenzyme Q10
CP
Carbohydrate poor
CR
Carbohydrate rich
CRF
Code of federal regulations
CRP
Combat ration pack
CRH
Corticotrophin-releasing hormone
CRP
C-reactive protein
CSFII
Continuing Survey of Food Intake for Individuals
DBPC
Double-bind placebo controlled
DBRPC-CO
Double-blind randomized placebo-controlled crossover
DEXA
Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry
DFE
Dietary folate equivalent
DGLA
Dihomo-γ-linoleic acid
DHEA
Dehydroepiandrosterone
dL
Deciliter
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DoD
Department of Defense
DRI
Dietary Reference Intake
DTH
Delayed type skin hypersensitivity
EAA
Essential amino acid
EAR
Estimated Average Requirement
EEG
Electroencephalogram
EGOT
Erythrocyte glutamate oxaloacetate
EGR
Erythrocyte glutathione reductase
EGRAC
Erythrocyte glutathione activity coefficient
EIEC
Enteroinvasive E. coli
EMS
Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome
EPA
Eicosapentaenoid acid
ERGO
Energy rich, glucose-optimized
ESQ
Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire
ETK
Erythrocyte transketolase
F
Fahrenheit
F2-IsoPs
Plasma F2-Isoprostanes
FAO
Food and Agriculture Organization
FAD
Flavin adenine dinucleotide
FDA
Food and Drug Administration
FFM
Fat-free mass
FM
Field manual
fMRI
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
FNB
Food and Nutrition Board
FOS
Fructooligosaccharides
FSR
First Strike Ration
ft
Foot
g
Gram
GABA
γ-aminobutyric acid
GBE
Ginkgo biloba extract
GGT
Glutamyl transpeptidase
GH
Growth hormone
GI
Gastrointestinal
GLA
γ-Linolenic acid
GRα
Glucocorticoid-receptor alpha
GRAS
Generally recognized as safe
GTT
γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase
h
Hour
HEX
High exercise
HF
High fat
HMB
β-methyl-hydroxy-β-methybutryrate
HS
High stress
IgA
Immunoglobulin A
IgE
Immunoglobulin E
IGF-1
Insulin-like growth factor 1
IgM
Immunoglobulin M
IL
Interleukin
iNOS
Inducible nitric oxide synthase
IOM
Institute of Medicine
IU
International units
kcal
Kilocalorie
KCl
Potassium chloride
kg
Kilogram
kJ
Kilojoules
km
Kilometer
lb
Pound
LDH
Lactic dehydrogenase
LDL
Low-density lipoprotein
LNAA
Large neutral amino acid
LPS
Lipopolysaccharide
LS
Low stress
MCT
Medium-chain fatty acid triacylglycerol
MCW/LRP
Meal, cold weather/food packet, long range patrol
mEq
Milliequivalent
mg
Milligram
MJ
Megajoule
mM
Millimolar
mmol
Millimole
MDRI
Military dietary reference intake
MMWT
Marine mountain warfare training
MND
Military Nutrition Division
MRDA
Military recommended dietary allowances
MRE
Meal, Ready-to-Eat
NA
Not applicable
NAC
N-acetyl-cysteine
NaCl
Sodium chloride
NAD
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide
NADP
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate
NADPH
Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate
NAS
National Academy of Sciences
ND
Not determined
NE
Niacin equivalent
Nex
No exercise
NHANES
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
NK
Natural killer
nmol
Nanomol
NNIF
Novel nutritional immune formulation
NO
Nitric oxide
NSOR
Nutritional Standards for Operational Rations
NRC
National Research Council
NSC
Natick Soldier Center
OBLA
Onset of blood lactate accumulation
25 (OH) D
25 hydroxy vitamin D
oz
Ounce
PHA
Phytohaemagglutinin
PL
Phospholipid
PLP
Pyridoxal-5′-phosphate
POMC
Pro-opiomelanocortin
POMS
Profile of Mood States
PP
Protein poor
ppm
Parts per million
PR
Protein rich
PUFA
Polyunsaturated fatty acid
RAE
Retinol activity equivalent
RBC
Red blood cell
RC
Randomized control
RDA
Recommended Dietary Allowance
rDNA
Recombinant DNA
RE
Retinol equivalent
RER
Respiratory Exchange Ratio
RDECOM
Research, Development and Engineering Command
RI
Respiratory infections
ROS
Reactive oxygen species
RPE
Rate of perceived exertion
RT
Ranger training
SFAS
Special Forces Selection and Assessment School
SOF
Special Operations Forces
STEC
Shiga toxin producing E. coli
STO
Science and Technology Objective
SUSOPS
Sustained operations
TBARS
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances
TBD
To be determined
TCA
Tricarboxylic acid cycle
TDEE
Total daily energy expenditure
TDP
Thiamin diphosphate
TH1
T helper type 1 cell
TH2
T helper type 2 cell
TLR
Toll-like receptors
TNF
Tumor necrosis factor
TPN
Total parenteral nutrition
TT
Timed trial
TTP
Thiamin diphosphate
µg
Microgram
µM
Micromol
UGR-H&S
Unit Group Ration, Heat & Serve
UL
Tolerable Upper Intake Level
UNU
United Nations University
US
United States
USARIEM
U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine
USARMRMC
U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command
UV
Ultraviolet
UVB light
Ultraviolet B light
VO2max or peak
Maximum oxygen consumption
WBGT
Wet Bulb Globe Temperature
WHO
World Health Organization
wk
Week
WP
Whey protein
WPSM
Warfighter Physiological Status Monitoring